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EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN: 



PRESENTING 



AN ACCURATE AND CLEAR EXPOSITION OF THE 
LEADING POINTS 



GERMAN GRAMMAR. 



FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS, 



BY MORITZ ERTHEILER, 

AUTHOR OF "A PHRASE-BOOK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN. 



NEW- YORK: 
ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 

SCHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY, 
411 BROADWAY. 

/3 ■ 18 4 7. 






* V 



^>^3> 



V<fl 



X- 



*0 O t; ' 



j- 



Br toMtirifer fr»m 
Pat. 6fli«i Lib. 



Apr* 1014. 

Entered according to Act of Congress, in uie year 1846, by 

ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District ,of New-York, 




H. LUDWIG, PRINTER, 70 & 72 VESEY-STREET. 






•?% 



PREFACE. 



The natural mode of acquiring any foreign language 
is that of imitation. To understand what we read or 
hear spoken, is the first step we take, and the subsequent 
steps are to familiarize ourselves with, the same subject, 
so as to be able to use it in speaking or writing, and to 
derive general rules from analogous cases. 

This is the leading principle upon which the plan of 
this work is based. It is intended to present an accurate 
and clear exposition of the leading points of German 
grammar, which are illustrated by simple and practical 
phrases. 

The German sentences are analyzed by a literal trans- 
lation, which combines the advantages of impressing words 
upon the mind of the student through repetition, and of 
performing almost all the labour of parsing. 

For the convenience of both the learner and teacher, 
the German exercises are repeated in an English version, 



VI. PREFACE. 

which may serve as a guide for repetition and questioning. 
Thus the lesson may be learned with the aid of the inter- 
linear translation, and be recited by the re-translation of 
the English exercise. 

It E. 

New-York, Oct. 20, 1S4G. 



CONTENTS. 



The Alphabet 

The Sounds of the Letters . 

Genders of Nouns .... 

Declension of the Definite Article 
Declension of the Indefinite Article 
Declension of Nouns, Singular . 
Formation of the Nominative Plural . 
Declension of Nouns in the Plural 
Proper Names ..... 

Pronouns ...... 

Adjectives ...... 

The Adjective referring to a Noun 

The Adjective preceding a Noun, and being preceded by the 

Definite Article .... 
The Adjective preceding a Noun, and being preceded by the 

Indefinite Article .... 
The Adjective not being preceded by any Article, in the Sin 

gulaT ........ 

The Adjective preceded by biefer, jencr, vodfyix, &c 
The Adjective preceded by a Possessive Pronoun 
Comparison ..... 

Numerals ...... 

(sein, as a principal Verb . 
£>aben, as a principal Verb . 
Infinitive of Regular and Irregular Verbs 



Fill. CONTENTS. 

Page 

Present Tense, Indicative Mood ...... 149 

Imperfect Tense, Indicative Mood ..... 153 

Perfect Tense, Indicative Mood 155 

First Future Tense, Indicative Mood 157 

Imperative .......... 158 

Irregular Verbs y>9 

Verbs forming the Past Participle without the Prefix ge . 172 

Separable Compound Verbs ...... 173 

Passive Form . . . . ■* 179 

Present Tense, Subjunctive Mood, in Regular and Irregular 

Verbs . . ' . 180 

Imperfect Subjunctive and Conditionals in Regular and Irre- 
gular Verbs . . 181 

Adverbs 183 

Prepositions . . . ... 184 

Conjunctions . . . . . . . . .191 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



THE ALPHABET. 
SIMPLE LETTERS. 

Letters. Names. English. 

%,a f ah, A, a. 

%K A, a. 

8, b, bay, B, b. 

<§> C, tsay, C, c. 

2), b, ...... day, D,d. 

@, e, ay, E, e. 

&f, • ef > F ,f. 

®/g/ g ha y> G > g. 

#, 1), hah, H, h. 

3, V e, I, i. 

%h y ot > J J- 

M, t, kah, K, k. 

8,1, el > L >'- 

9K, m, em, ...... M, m. 

%n, en, N, n. 

£), o, .o, 0, o. 

D, 6, O, 6. 

^,P, pay, P, p. 

D,q, koo, Q, q. 

3?, r, err, R,r. 

©, f, S, ..... . ess, S, s. 

Z, t, tay, ...... T, t. 

U, it, oo, U,u. 

U, it, . . . . ■ U ? u. 

S3, i), fow, ...... V, v. 

28, to, ..... . vay, W, w. 

3f, r, ...... iks, X, x. 

2), 9, ipsilon, Y, y. 

3/ 3/ ...... . tsett, Z, z. 

1 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
COMPOUND LETTERS. 



DIPHTHONGS. 



at, 
ah 



Letters. 

tf), . 

<*/■ • 

fir • 

Pf, ■ 

w, • 

£, • 



ait, 



ay, 



att, 
an, 



et, 

ei, 



eu, 
eu, 



COMPOUND CONSONANTS. 
Names. 

. . . tsay-hah, . 

. . . tsay-kah, . 

. . . ef-ef, . . 

. ~ , . pay-ef, . . 

. . s ess-tsay-hah, 

. a . ess-ess, . . 

. . . ess-tay, . . 

. . . ess-tsett, . 

. > . tay-hah, 

.- » . tay-tsett, . 






ui. 



English, 

ch. 
ck. 
ff. 

p£ 

sch e 

ss. 

St. 

, sz„ 
tb. 
tz. 



THE SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS, 



VOWELS. 

a, like a in father ; as, ber 33ater, the father. 

a, less protracted than the former ; in, bie £anb, the hand. 

aa, like a, protracted ; as, bag ^aar, the hair. 

a!), like a, protracted ; as, bag SKat^l, the meal. 

a, like a in fate ; ber 23ar, the bear. 

d, less protracted than the former ; in, alter, older. 
&!}, like a, protracted ; as, nafyer, nearer. 

e, like #?/ in stay ; as, bie (Srbe, the earth, 
e, like e in set ; as, bag (Snbe, the end. 

ce, like e, protracted ; as, bit (gee, the sea. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 3 

ee, the two vowels are pronounced separately when 
they belong to different syllables ; as, geebrt, hon- 
oured. 

eb, like e, protracted ; as, ba$ 9D?eM, the flour (meal). 

t, like e in me ; as, bte SStbet, the Bible. 

\ f like i in in ; as, in, in. 

ie, like ee in see ; as, fie, she. 

ieft, like eg in see ; as, ffeh, see. 

\b, like t, protracted ; as, ibjxi, him. 

o 7 like o in so ; as, fo, so. 

0, like u in cup ; as, eft, often. 

$b f like o, protracted ; as, <£cbv f son. 

0, corresponds to the French eu in peu. Pronounce e 
in feer while the lips are formed perfectly round ; 
long in JDet, oil ; short in efter, oftener. 

oft, more protracted than the former ; as, fcie Sefnie, the 
sons. 

it, like oo in soon ; as, QUt, good. 

u, like w in full ; as, un£, us. 

ufy, protracted ; as, ber Scfyufr, the shoe. 

it, corresponds to the French u. Pronounce i in sin 
while the lips are formed perfectly round ; long in, 
ba$ Uefcet, the evil ; short in. tie ^itdbe, the kitchen. 

i), a foreign letter seldom used by modern writers, has 
the same sound as t, and is treated like it when it oc- 
curs in diphthongs ; as, ba£ (gtyjiem, the system. 

DIPHTHONGS. 

at, like i in mine ; as. 9Kai> May. 

ait, like ou in house ; as, ba3 j^au?, the house. 

cm, like oi in noise ; as, bte £aufer, the houses. 

et, like z in mine ; as, ba3 di£, the ice. 

eu, like oi in noise ; as, neutt, nine. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



CONSONANTS. 



h, like b, soft at the beginning of a syllable ; as, Uau, 
blue ; hard and more like p at the end of a syllable ; 
as, ba$ ®vah, the grave. 

bt, both letters are uttered ; as, ex kit, he lives. 

c, like ts before e, i, a, 6 and 9; as, ber ©rfet, the circle ; 
bte @eber, the cedar ; gafar, Csesar ; ba$ Qolibat, celi 
bacy ; bte (S^prefle, the cypress. 

C, like & before the vowels a, and u, and before { and 
r ; as, ber Scmal, the canal ; ber (Sottgref?, the congress ; 
bte Sur, the cure 5 bte Sfoffe, the class ; ber Srebit, the 
credit. 

cfy, after vowels and consonants, has a peculiar guttural 
sound that comes out of the throat freely. When 
preceded by e, i, o, it, et and eit, it is softer and purer 
than it is when preceded by a, o, U and cut ; as, recfyt, 
right ; ba3 Stcfyt, the light ; bte $6ct)e, the cooks ; bte 
Mndjt, the kitchen ; retrf), rich ; eud), you ; fadben, to 
laugh ; ba3 Sod), the yoke ; gemtg, enough ; audi), also. 

cfyg, dE) is sounded as before, and the g is uttered; as, 

be3 S5ud)^ of the 'book. 
djft, d) is uttered as before, with the additional sound of 

ji ; as, bu tt>ad)ft, thou art awake. 

cfyt, rf) is uttered with the additional sound of t ; as, bte 

9tacf)t, the night, 
cfyt^, d) is uttered with the additional sound of tg ; as, 

md)t3, nothing. 
d)$ f in a few cases sounds like ks ; as, ber DcfyS, the ox. 
d> like A ; as, btcf, thick. 

rft, rf sounds like k and t is uttered ; as, e$ jletft, it sticks, 
b, like d at the beginning of a syllable ; as, ba$, that, 
b, like t at the end of a syllable ; as, bltttb, blind. 
bt, like £ ; as, tobt, dead. 
f, like/; as, fetn, fine. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 5 

ff, like/; as, bas Scfytff, the ship, 

g, like g in good ; as, gut, good. 

g sounds like dh at the end of a syllable, or sometimes 
at the beginning of it when followed by e ; as, ber 
SOBeg, the way ; ber Dtegett, the rain. 

gb sounds like df)b in fete 50?agb, the maid-servant ; bte 
Sagb, the chase. 

gn, both letters are sounded ; as, bte ©rtabe, the grace. 

ft, like h ; it is never silent when preceding a vowel 5 

as, ber £at, the hat. 
f) is silent after a vowel, 
j, like 3/ in young ; as, bag 3aftr, the year, 
f, like c in cold ; as, fa ft, cold. 
fit, both letters are sounded ; as, bag $me, the knee. 
1, like / ; as, taut, loud. 

1 is uttered when followed by another consonant, and 
the vowel preceding it has the short sound 5 as, 

16, l)aI6, half. 

ff, er baff, he helped. 

If, ber Jlalf, (chalk) the lime. 

C, Dott, full. 

1m, ber ^fafm, the psalm. 

lb, ba$ ©oft, the gold. 

lg, ate, as. 

ft, fait, cold. 

Ij, bag @af j, the salt. 

m, like m ; as, ber 9Jtamt, the man. 

titm, has more force than m ; as, ber $ amm, the comb, 

n, like n ; as, rtmt, now. 

ng, like ng ; as, ber Dftttg, the ring. 

jtf, like rc& ; as, ber £attf, the thank. 



6 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

jttt has more force than n ; as, trf) fatttt, I can. 

n$, the preceding vowel is short ; as, bte ®att$, the goose. 

ttfrf), like nsh ; as, ber ^unfcf), the punch. 

rtfl r like nst ; as, ber (£vn% the earnest. • 

itj, like nts ; as, ber Zan^, the dance. 

p, like p ; as, ber ^pretg, the price. 

pf, the two letters are uttered ; as, em ^pfunb, a pound. 

pfl, the three letters are uttered ; as, ber ^Pflug, the plough. 

pi), like f ; as, ber spropfyet, the prophet. 

pp, bte 2tp*pe, the lip. 

pg, the two letters are uttered ; as, ber ^fatnt, the psalm. 

qu, like fro ; in uttering this sound, the lips are not form- 
ed round as in the English qu ; ber Duacffalber, the 
quack. 

X, the sound of the German r is more transient than that 
of the English, and is not rolled so much ; the vowel 
preceding r is of short duration ; as, ber SSJiarf t, the 
market ; ber SJrm, the arm ; bag ©ant, the yarn ; ba$ 
SBort, the word ; the preceding vowel is long in er 
tt>arb, he became; bte %xt, the mode; ber SBart, the 
beard. 

f, like s in fefyen, to see. 

$ f is used only at the end of a word ; as, ba$ §au$, the 
house. 

fd), like sh ; as, frtfcf), fresh. 

fcfytt), the two sounds of fcf) and xo are uttered ; as, bte 
Scfytixilfce, the swallow. 

fi, like s, but more hissing ; as, ber $U$ , the kiss. 

ff, ba$ SBaffer, the water. 

fl, like st ; as, fHtt, still. 

t, like t ; as, trtnfen, to drink. 

tf), like t, i) being silent ; as, tfywt, to do. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ftett, like tsion ; as, bte fatten, the nation. 

ti r like ts ; as, nid)t8 f nothing, 

tt f like tj but stronger ; as, fett, fat 

$, like ts ; as, ber 20% the wit, 

t>, like /; as, ber SSater, the father. 

W, an intermediate sound between v and u?. The lips 
are not formed round in pronouncing it, in which it 
differs from the English w ; as, ber SBittb, the wind. 

3, like ts ; as, jtt>off, twelve. 

In German every noun begins with a capital letter. 



GENDERS OF NOUNS, 



Ser (masculine), ) 
Ste (feminine), \ the. 
Sag (neuter), } 

2>er SSater, the father ; 
bte SWutter, the mother ; 
ba^ £mb, the child. 

2>er Dcf)g, the ox ; 
bte $tfft, the cow ; 
bag ^}ferb r the horse. 

Ser Stpfef, the apple ; 
bte SStme, the pear ; 
i>ag ©rag, the grass. 

Ser £ag, the day ; 
bte Sfacfot, the night ; 
bag Satir, the year, 

Set ©tern, the stone ; 

bte Suft, the air ; 

bag 3Bajfer, the water. 



Xev ©arten, the garden ; 
bte ©tube, the chamber ; 
bag $>au$, the house. 

Ser jammer, the hammer ; 
bte SdxtQC, the tongs ; 
ha$ Sett, the hatchet. 

Ser 23ttd£)jta6e, the letter ; 
bte ©jrfbe, the syllable ; 
ba$ SSort, the word. 

£er @a£, the phrase ; 

bte ©pracfte, the language ; 

hag ©ebtefyt, the poem. 

£er (Setji, the spirit ; 
bte ©eefe, the soul ; 
bag ?eben, the life. 

2^er SBem, the wine ; 
fcie mild), the milk ; 
bag Del, the oil 



S EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

2)er gtfcf), the table; 3>er ©afat, the salad ; 

bte 33cmf, the bench ; bte ©uppe, the soup ; 

bag genfter, the window. bag g(etfrf), the meat. 

2)er £mt, the hat ; 2)er ©taf)(, the steel ; 

bfe 9Befle, the waistcoat ; bte $retbe, the chalk ; 
ba$ QexriO, the shirt. bag ©ofb, the gold. 

Ser Coffer, the spoon ; £>er jfttcfyett, the cake ; 

bte ©abef, the fork ; bte 9?tnbe, the crust ; 

bag SWejfer, the knife. bag SWe^t, the flour. 

Ser $opf, the head ; 2>er 3ttnnt,the linen thread ; 

bte ©tint, the forehead ; bte ©etbe, the silk ; 

ba$ fyaar, the hair. bag Zutfy, the cloth. 

It appears from the foregoing examples, that in Ger- 
man the names of inanimate beings vary quite arbitra- 
rily between the three genders, while in English the 
names of inanimate beings are only of the neuter 
gender. 



GENERAL RULES REGULATING THE GENDERS OF 

NOUNS. 

The names of male persons are masculine ; as, 

ber SSruber, the brother ; ber ©cfynetber, the tailor. 
ber ^aufmamt, the merchant ; 

The names of female persons are feminine ; as, 

bte gccfyter, the daughter ; bte gretmbttt, the friend, 
bte S3afe, the cousin ; 

EXCEPTIONS. 

The following names of persons are of the neuter 
gender 5 as, 

bag ^tnb, the child ; bag ^rauettjtmmer, the lady ; 

bag ©ofyttfem, the little son ; iaS grdulem, the miss ; 
t>a^ Stfabcfyett? the maid ; ia^ 2Bet6, the wife, the 

woman ± 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 9 

ba$ SKarmfem or SJRamtdfyen, ba$ S&eifccfyett, the little 
the little man. (The woman. (The female 
male of animals.) of animals.) 

The names of countries, cities, towns, &c. are neu- 
ter ; as, 

COUNTRIES. 



i Slmerifa, America 5 


-<Men, Poland ; 


Oiuxopa, Europe ; 


£eutfd)fanb, Germany 3 


aiffen, Asia ; 


ftoftcmb, Holland ; 


Slfrtfa, Africa ; 


£dttemarf, Denmark ; 


(giibmbtett, the Indies ; 


9iortt>egett, Norway ; 


Cotgtonb, England; 


Sctoebett, Sweden ; 


©ctjottfonb, Scotland; 


StaKeat, Italy ; 


Srlctnb, Ireland ; 


33raft(ten, Brasil ; 


Portugal, Portugal ; 


SUJertfo, Mexico ; 


(bpcmien, Spain ; 


(Scuwfca, Canada ; 


granfretdf), France ; 


©tt#ritamtten, Great 


■Wufjfanb, Russia ; 


Britain. 


Feminine are, 




ik Zuvhi, Turkey ; 


bte <2cf)tt)et^ Switzerland, 




CITIES. 



3TfeVD * 9)orf, New-York ; SOBten, Vienna ; 
^bttabefytna, Philadelphia ; 23er(m, Berlin ; 

35o£ton, Boston ; £re$ben, Dresden ; 

bonbon, London 5 ?^Wg, Leipsic. 
$art3, Paris ; 

The names of the months are of the masculine 
gender; as, 

Samtar, January ; %uti, July ; 

%ebxuav, February ; Sfagujt, August ; 

SERdrj, March ; (September, September ; 

Slpril, April ; Dfto6er, October ; 

9!Kat, May ; 9iOt)em6er, November ; 

Sunt, June ; £>e$em6er, December. 
Ser SERonot, the month, 



10 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAK. 

The names of the days of the week are masculine ; 
as, 

©onntctg, Sunday ; £onttergtag, Thursday ; 

SKontctg, Monday ; ^rettag, Friday ; 

£tertgtag, Tuesday ; ©ottttabettb, > q flf „,,i n w 

SKtttwoc^, Wednesday ; ©am^tctg, $ saluraa Y< 

The names of the seasons are masculine ; as, 

ber gritMmg, the spring ; ber foerbft, the fall ; 
ber ©emitter, the summer ; ber SBmter, the winter. 

Neuter are, 

ha$ ^abr, the year ; ha$ ©patjafrr, the autumn ; 

bct3 grttt)jaf)r, the spring ; bag 3a^rJ)unbert,the century. 

The names of the different divisions of the day are 
of the masculine gender ; as, 

ber Sftorgett, the morning ; ber Sfatdjtttittag, the after- 
^ ber SSormtttag, the forenoon ; noon ; 

ber QRtttag, the noon ; ber Stbenb, the evening. 

Feminine are, 

bte %lad)t, the night ; bte ©tuttbe, the hour ; 

bte tyl\ttvcxia&}i f the mid- bte SWmute, the minute ; 
night ; bte ©efttttbe, the second. 



A CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON NOUNS EXHIBITING 
THEIR RESPECTIVE GENDERS. 

VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS. 

Masculine* 

2>er £>d)^, the ox ; ber ?6tt>e, the lion; 

ber ©tier, the bull ; ber SCtger, the tiger ; 

ber $ttd)£, the fox ; ber 2eoparb, the leopard ; 

ber fttrfd), the stag; ber ^cmtfyer, the panther ; 

ber Sljfe, the ape ; ber (5fef, the ass ; 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



11 



ber S5ar, the bear ; 
ber £tmb, the dog ; 
ber iBotf, the wolf; 



ber STRauIefel, the mule ; 
ber ©epfycmt, the elephant ; 
ber SStber, the beaver. 



Feminine. 



Ste ^ufvthe cow ; 
bte 3^9^/ the goat ; 
bte ©entfe, the chamois ; 
bte tylavig, the mouse ; 



T:a$ Zhiev, the animal ; 
bag SSteb, the beast ; 
bag SBtlb, the game ; 

£ct$ $ferb, the horse ; 
bag ©cfwem, the hog ; 
bag (gchaf, the sheep ; 
bag Stalb, the calf ; 
bag ?amm, the lamb ; 
bag ptKen, the colt ; 



bte $a£e, the cat ; 
bte 3?atte, the rat ; 
bte glebermau^, the bat. 



Neuter. 



bag ©ettmrm, the vermin ; 
bag ©efBtgel, the poultry. 

bag gtrfet, the pig ; 
bag jTcmteef, the camel ; 
bag Bleb, the roe ; 
bag ManitHhen, the rabbit ; 
bag ©cfyfyontcfyen, the squir- 
rel. 



BIRDS. 



Masculine. 



Ser 3Scge[ r the bird ; 
ber &abn, the cock ; 
ber n>atfd)e £abn,the turkey- 
cock ; 
ber tyfau, the peacock ; 
ber ©torch, the stork ; 
ber $ucfucf, the cuckoo ; 
ber Staar, the starling ; 
ber ^Jctpaget, the popinjay ; 
ber &d)wan f the swan ; 



ber ©pertutg, the sparrow ; 
ber $a\art, the pheasant ; 
ber ,Kcmartettfc>ogeI, the cana- 
ry-bird ; 
ber Strang, the ostrich ; 
ber Slbfer, the eagle ; 
ber ©eter, the vulture ; 
ber &abid)t, the hawk ; 
ber $ai&, the falcon ; 
ber Dtabe, the raven. 



Feminine. 



Sie ®ang? the goose 
bte @nte / the duck ; 



bte ?ertfte, the lark ; 

bte Stotfel, the black-bird ; 



12 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 



He ftettne, the hen j bie 9tad)t%att, the nightin- 
bie Stcmbe, the dove ; gale ; 

We grutfyenne, the turkey- bie 2Bacf)tel, the quail ; 

hen ; bie 25roffel, the thrush ; 

bte $raf)e, the crow ; bie Scfynxtlbe, the swallow. 
bie @ufe, the owl ; 

Neuter. 
2>a3 ^ufyn, the chicken ; ba$ 3?eW)ufyn, the partridge, 

FISHES. 

Masculine, 



23er $ifcfj, the fish ; 
ber Slctf, the eel \ 
ber SKMg, the shad; 
ber %a<fy$, the salmon \ 
ber ^ecfyt, the pike ; 



ber Bering, the herring ; 
ber jtctrpfen, the carp ; 
ber ©rimbtittg, the ground- 
ling; 
ber Sffiattfp, the whale. 



Feminine. 

£)k ^orefte, the trout • bie Sarbelte, the sardine, 

bie SSJtafrefe, the mackerel ; 



Masculine o 



®er ^rofefy, the frog ; 
ber 9Burm, the worm ; 
ber ©I orpicxt, the scorpion ; 
ber 331utegef, the leech ; 
ber Mxeb$, the crab ; 



ber $afer, the beetle ; 
ber tyflaif afer, the may-bug ; 
ber Scfymetterlittg, the but- 
terfly ; 
ber glof), the flea. 



Feminine. 



X)ie (Sdfyfcmge, the snake ; 
bie Matter, the adder ; 
bie Dtter, the viper ; l 
bie ®d)itbfrote, the tortoise ; 
bie Mvbte, the toad 5 
bie ©cfynede, the snail ; 



bie ©rilfe, 



the cricket ; 



ba$ &eimd)en, \ 
bie ?ait3, the louse ; 
bie ffliege, the fly ; 
bie SJufter, the oyster ; 
bie $oratte, the coral ; 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, IS 

I * 

bte dibedbfe, the lizard ; bte £eufd)rede, the grass- 
^ bte JKaupe,. the caterpillar ; hopper ; 

bte Slmetfe, the ant ; bte 32cm$e, the bed-bug ; 

bte SSterte/ the bee ; bte SWotte, the moth ; 

bte 533e3pe, the wasp ; bte Setbenranpe, the silk- 

bte Sptnne, the spider ; worm ; 

bte 9D?xI6e r the mite ; bte SKude, the gnat. 

Neuter. 
£ct$ or ber $rofobt(, the crocodile, 

THE UNIVERSE. 

Masculine. 

£er fttmmet, the sky (the ber Stent, the star ; 

heaven) ; ber planet, the planet 5 

ber SDtonb, the moon ; ber @omet, the comet. 

Feminine. 
£te @rbe, the earth ; bte SBeft, the world, 



bte (Sonne, the sun ; 



Neuter. 



Qa$ ©efttrtt, the constellation. 

DIVISIONS OF THE EARTEf. 

Masculine. 
£er 23erg, the mountain ; ber $lu$, the river ; 
ber £nge[, the hill ; ber See, the lake ; 

ber SScben, the soil ; ber ©ach, the brook 5 

ber 5fiBa(b, the forest ; ber Sumpf, the pool, 

ber Strom, the stream ; 

Feminine, 

£te Stoljolje, the hillock ; bte See, the sea ; 

bte Duefte, the spring ; bte SCBtefe, the meadow, 

Neuter. 

£ct3 Zfiat, the valley ; ba$ 5U?eer, the ocean ; 

ba£ ©et)i% the wood ; ba£ gtfb, the field, 



14 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 



METALS AND MINERALS. 



25er ©tern, the stone ; 
ber farmer, the marble ; 
ber Malt, the lime ; 
ber &f)on, the clay ; 
ber ©cfyiefer, the slate ; 



Masculine. 

ber Stfautt, the alum ; 
ber 23ttrtoI, the vitriol ; 
ber ©anb, the sand; 
ber <&taub, the dust ; 
ber <&tat)l, the steel. J 



SDte Grrbe, the earth ; 



Feminine. 

tie $reibe, the chalk. 

Neuter. 



&a# SKetatt, the metal ; 
bag @r$, the ore ; 
bag ®oQ>, the gold ; 
bag ©tlber, the silver ; 
ba$ $upfer, the copper ; 
ba$ SWefltng, the brass ; 

The names of metals 



ba$ %inn, the tin ; 

t>a$ S&kig the lead ; 

bag Grtfett, the iron ; 

bag ©alj, the salt ; 

bag GuerfjTfter^he mercury ; 

ia^ ©ptepgfag,the antimony. 

are neuter, excepting ber 



PARTS OF THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL BODY. 

Masculine. 



2>er $opf, the head ; 

ber Slugapfel, the eye-ball ; 

ber yjluxib, the mouth ; 

fete ©cfyt&fe (plural of ber 

Scfyfof), the temples ; 
ber 3^n, the tooth ; 
ber ©aumen, the palate ; 
ber 83ctrf> the beard ; 
ber £afg, the neck ; 
ber 9?atfett, the nape ; 
ber Surfeit, the back ; 
ber 2lrm, the arm ; 
ber $mger, the finger ; 



ber ^nikfye^the knuckle, the 

ankle ; 
ber Wagel, the nail ; 
ber SSufert, the bosom ; 
ber SSauct), the belly ; 
ber Sdjenfel, the shank, 

thigh ; 
ber $u$, the foot ; 
ber ^nocfyen, the bone ; 
ber 5D?agen, the stomach ; 
ber ©cfyabef, the skull ; 
ber ^iiftef, the trunk ; 
ber ©efyuabef, the bill ; 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



IS 



ber (gfffcogett, the elbow ; 
ber £>aumen, the thumb ; 



ber ftlvtcpl, the wing ; 
ber Mkl, the quill. 



Feminine. 



£te ©tint, the forehead ; bte 

bte Slugenbraune, the eye- btr 

brow ; bte 

bte SGBange, the cheek ; bte 

tie yiafc, the nose : bte 

bte 2ippe, the lip; bte 

bte 3^ge / the tongue : bte 

bte jtefefe, the throat ; bte 

bte (Scfyafter, the shoulder ; bte 

bte S)anb, the hand ; bte 

bte gcmft,Ahe fist j bte 

bte SBruji, the breast ; . bte 

bte gette, the side ; bte 
bte 3itere, the kidney ; 

•XT 

JSeuter. 



3?tppe, the rib ; 
§Ufte^ the hip ; 
?enbe, the loin ; 
2Babe, the calf; 
3et)e / the toe ; 
(gofyfe, the sole 5 
giber^ the vein ; 
(gefyne, the sinew ; 
?e6er, the liver ; 
Mane, the claw 5 
geber, the feather ; 
(gcfyuppe, the scale j 
gto^feber, the fin. 



£ag ^anpt, the head ; 
bag £aar, the hair ; 
bag ©ejTcfyt, the face ; 
bag Stage, the eye ; 
bag SJugentteb, the eye-lid ; 
bag Dbr, the ear ; 
bag Minn, the chin ; 
ba$ Mnie, the knee ; 



bag Settt, the leg ; 
bag Scfytenbetn, the shin ; 
ba$ Sd)tt>et£tfocf), the pore ; 
ba$ £erj, the heart ; 
ba$ hom f the horn ; 
bag SfJiaul, the muzzle ; 
bag ©/the egg. 



PARTS OF PLANTS. 

Masculine. 

£er ©tengcf, the stalk ; ber ©rt#, the pedicle, stalk ; 

ber ©tamm, the stem, ber £crtt A the thorn ; 

trunk ; ber $ern, the kernel ; 

ber jjalm, the stalk ; ber ©ante, the seed. 

Feminine. 
£te SOBurjel,. the root ; bte ©fume,, the bloom, flow- 

bie SMittbe, the blossom ; er ; 

bte $ttogpe, the bud ; bte grudjt, the fruit; 



16 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 



bte 3ttHe6ef r the bulb ; 
bte 3Iebre r the ear ; 
bte Xxanbe, the grape ; 



25a3 SBlatt, the leaf. 



bte 53eere, the berry ; 
tie ©d)ote, the shell; 
bte J^Mfe, the husk. 



Neuter. 



PLANTS AND VEGETABLES. 



Masculine. 



J^er S5aum / the tree ; 
ber <&tvaud), the shrub ; 
ber 2Betnftod> the vine ; 
ber ©ptnat, the spinage ; 
ber v^obl, the cabbage ; 
ber ©afar, the salad ; 
ber gatttrf), the lettuce ; 
ber pummel', the cumin ; 
ber Zand), the leek ; 
ber ^nobiaurf), the garlick ; 
ber ©etterte, the celery ; 
ber SRofm, the poppy j 
ber 9?etttg, the radish ; 



ber 9?e3marm, the rosemary j 
ber 2tnt3, the anise ; 
ber gtncfyef, the fennel ; 
ber ©dnerfmg, the hemlock ; 
ber ^fejfer, the pepper ; 
ber %immtt f the cinnamon ; 
ber s JfBetjett> the wheat ; 
ber 9?oggen, the rye ; 
ber &afer, the oats ; 
ber SWetg, the rice ; 
ber £cmf, the hemp ; 
ber $ta<i)$ f the flax ; 
ber Xabat, the tobacco. 



Feminine. 



Die ^flanje, the plant ; 
bte (Stcfye, the oak ; 
bte S3ud)e, the beech ; 
bte ^appef, the poplar ; 
bte SSirfey the birch ; 
bte £amte, the fir ; 
bte $id)te, the pine ; 
bte 9Betbe, the willow ; 
bte (Seber, the cedar ; 
bte Sffiurjef, the root ; 
bte 3tt)te6el, the onion ; 
bte $artcfiFe(, the potatoe ; 
bte ©urfe, the cucumber ; 



f »«' I the carrot; 
btege(De3 f iUDe / $ ' 

bte rotbe Diitbc, the red beet ; 

bte tt>etge 9?ube, the turnip 5 

bte £tftef, the thistle 5 

bte SShmte, the flower 5 

bte Diofe, the rose ; 

bte 9Mfe, the pink ; 

bte £afye, the tulip ; 

bte ?ttte, the lily 5 

bte ^amtlfe, the chamomile ; 

bte SJftttje, the mint ; 

bte ©erfie, the barley. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



17 



Neuter 
Qa$ SSet(dhen / the violet ; ba3 $£&m, the corn ; 
ba$ ©enntrj, the spice ; 
ba$ @ra3, the grass ; 
ba$ &eu f the hay ; 



ba3 Strob, the straw ; 
ba$ £e($,the wood. 



FRUITS. 



Masculine. 



£er 5tyfe(, the apple. 



Feminine. 



Xie SStrtte, the pear ; 
bte spflaume, the plum ; 
bte 3^etfc^e r the prune ; 
bte ^ftrjTcfye, the peach ; 
bte Duttte, the quince ; 
bte 2(prtfefe, the apricot ; 
bte ^etge, the fig • 
bte SBetttfceere, the grape : 
bte jbrmtbe, the currant ; 
bte Kojme, the raisin ; 



bte $tr.fcbe, the cherry ; 
bte Dfange, the orange ; 
bte ©trcne, the lemon ; 
bte SJ&J, the nut ; 
bte SWanbel, the almond ; 
bte gambertSnuf, the filbert ; 
bte 93te(one / the melon ; 
bte Tattel, the date ; 
bte Cfoe, the olive ; 
bte ©chet, the acorn. 



CLOTHES AND OTHER NECESSARIES. 



Masculine. 



Set died, the coat ; ber 

ber SOtantet, the cloak ; ber 

ber &nt, the hat ; ber 

ber £ragen, the collar; ber 

ber Scfutb, the shoe ; ber 

ber Sttefef, the boot ; ber 

ber fccmbfrfutb, the glove ; ber 

ber ©trumpf, the stocking ; ber 



s ])atttotfe(, the slipper ; 
Stermel, the sleeve ; 
$ttopf> the button ; 
ScMeter, the veil ; 
%&d)tt, the fan ; 
SJRuf,the muff; 
gpern, the spur ; 
StccJ, the cane. 



Feminine. 

£te SBei^e, the waistcoat, bte Unterbefen, the drawers ; 

the vest ; bte SDiitge, the cap ; 

bte &ofe^ie§ofeit,the breeches; bte ^Jerrutfe, the wig; 



18 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



bte SWcmfcfyette, the ruffle ; 
bte ©ctfe, the sock ; 
bte Za)d)e, the pocket ; 
bte Sdutalfe, the buckle ; 
bte Grille, the spectacles ; 



bte Scfyitrje, the apron ; 
bte £au6e, the cap ; 
bte 2etfe, the curl ; 
bte Smge, the lace. 



Neuter. 



£a$ ©ewcmb, the garment ; 
ba$ Zud), the cloth ; 
ba$ £entb, the shirt ; 
ba$ (Strumpfbcmb, the garter ; 
ba$ Meib, the dress ; 



ba$ grauenffetb, the gown ; 
ba3 ?et6d)en, the bodice ; 
ba$ 33anb, the ribbon ; 
ba£ Jlrmbanb, the bracelet. 



HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE AND UTENSILS. 



Masculine. 



2>er gtfrfj, the table ; 

ber StuM, the chair ; 

ber (Spiegel, the looking- 
glass ; 

ber Sdbranf, the press, cup- 
board 5 

ber $letberfcf)ranf, the ward- 
robe ; 

ber Kacfytttfcii, the toilet 5 

ber ®ife, the seat ; 

ber Sctjemef, the stool ; 

ber £epptd), the carpet ; 

ber Srfurm, the screen ; 

ber Jlaften, the box ; 

ber teller, the plate ; 

ber Scjf el, the spoon ; 



ber $rug, the pitcher ; 
ber Mcxb, the basket ; 
ber 2eud)ter, the candle- 
stick ; 
ber dioft, the grate ; 
ber ^efifel, the kettle ; 
ber £opf,the pot; 
ber Xtegel, the skillet ; 
ber $od)loffel, the ladle ; 
ber Grimer, the pail ; 
ber 2D?orfer, the mortar ; 
ber ©tof el, the pestle ; 
ber 33efen, the broom ; 
ber ZviMev, the funnel ; 
ber grog, the trough ; 
ber Sac?, the bag. 



Feminine. 



Sie 22iege, the cradle ; 
bte 9Kaixa£e, the mattress ; 
bte ©teppbecfe, the quilt ; 
bte 83ettbecfe, the blanket ; 
bte Sommobe, the chest of 
drawers, the bureau ; 



bte 33anf, the bench ; 
bte SOBanbufyr, the clock ; 
bte gafdhenuhr, the watch ; 
bte $tjie, the chest ; 
bte gertnette, the napkin ; 
bte SCaffe, the cup ; 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



19 



bte UntertafiTe, the saucer : 
bte SdEmfiH/ tlle dish ; 
bte ©abef, the fork ; 
bte glafdbe, the bottle \ 
bte Mumme, the bowl ; 
bte ?atnpe, the lamp ; 
bte £aterne, the lantern ; 

Neuter. 

Xa$ $ett, the bed ; tag 

ba$ ^tffert^ the cushion ; bag 

bag (Der) politer, the bolster ; bag 

bag iahn, the sheet ; ba$ 

ba$ $Hfft, the desk ; bag 

ba^ Sttfcfttucft, the table-cloth ; bag 

bag £anbtnrfv the towel • ta^ 

bag 2£afd)betfen, the laver ; bag 



bte Stcfttfdbere, the snuffers 
bte gcbaufet, the shovel ; 
bte ^fanne, the pan ; 
bte SQMbe, the tray ; 
bte ^fetfe, the pipe ; 
bte Setter, the ladder. 



SSedPeit, the basin ; 
SMefler, the knife ; 
#Cdfcfcc6en, the vial ; 
®ia$. the glass ; 
?tdbt, the candle ; 
£chtt?efe(bcfj,the match ; 
3Bajferfap, the tub ; 
Steb, the sieve. 



ABOUT A TOWN. BUILDINGS, AND APPURTENANCES. 



Masculine. 



£er ^afaft, the palace ; 
ber Zbutm, the tower ; 
ber ^xrcfttburm, the steeple ; 
ber better, the cellar ; 
ber Stall, the stable ; 
fcer £of, the yard ; 
ber £erb, the hearth ; 
ber ?aben, the shop ; 



ber gertftertaben, the win- 
dow-shutter ; 
ber Dfett, the stove ; 
ber 25rttrmen, the well ; 
ber ScMiiffef, the key ; 
ber Siiegei, the bolt ; 
ber 9D?arft, the market ; 
ber ejfene 5 ])(at3, the square. 



Feminine. 



SDte ©tdbt> the town, city 
bte $trcfte, the church ; 
bte $apetfe, the chapel ; 
bte SSrurfe, the bridge : 
bte Srage, the street : 
bte <&tuke, the chamber ; 

Neuter. 
Qa$ ©ebaube, the building ; bag -gtodfwerf, the story ; 
ba$ Scfylop, the castle ; bag Simmtx, the room ; 



bte 90?auer, the wall ; 
bte £bur, the door ; 
bte jlitdbe, the kitchen ; 
bte $>umpe, the pump ; 
bte ©Iccfe, the bell. 



20 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



i>a$ Mvanfent)au$, the hospi- 
tal ; 
bag SOBtrtfeSfiauS, the inn ; 
bag &a\x$, the house ; 
bag ©dfc^en, the lane ; 



bag Sacf), the roof ; 
bag $enjl:er, the window ; 
bag Jtamitt, the chimney ; 
bag Scfyfof, the lock. 



TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS. 



Masculine. 



Ser jammer, the hammer ; 
ber Scfyfdgel, the mallet ; 
ber $}obel, the plane ; 
ber SBobrer, the auger ; . 
ber SKetf ef, the chisel ; 



ber Slmbof?, the anvil ; 
ber 9iage(, the nail ; 
ber ^ett, the wedge ; 
ber Qaten, the hook ; 
ber [ftecfyen, the rake. 



Feminine. 



£te 3^S e / tl] e tongs ; 
bte getfe, the file ; 
bte ©age, the saw ; 
bte ©enfe, the scythe ; 
bte 2lrt, the axe ; 



bte Sgge, the harrow ; 
ik Style, the awl ; 
bte 9tabel, the needle ; 
bte ©tecfttabef, the pin ; 
bte ©cfyretbfeber, the pen. 



Neuter. 
Qa$ SKSerf jeug, the tool ; bag SSetf, the hatchet. 



INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC. 

Feminine. 



Ste ©etge, \ the fiddle, 
bte SBtoltne, \ the violin ; 
bte 23a£getge, the bass-viol ; 
bte %Vb% the flute ; 
bte grontpete, the trumpet ; 



bte Gutfier, the guitar ; 
bte ?aute, the lute ; 
bte £arfe, the harp ; 
bte Drgef, the organ ; 
bte grommef, the drum. 



Neuter. 

Sag spiatto, bag ^taneforte, bag ^ow, the horn ; • 
the piano, the pianoforte 5 bag gfageolet, the flageolet 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 21 

PHYSICAL THINGS, CONDITIONS, AND EFFECTS. 

Masculine. 

£er SDBtnb, the wind ; ber Sturm, the storm ; 

ber 9?egen, the rain ; ber %vo)~t, the frost ; 

ber Sdutee, the snow ; ber ©unjl, the vapour ; 

ber i^agef, the hail ; ber Dietf, the hoar-frost. 
ber 9cebef r the mist, the fog ; 

Feminine. 

©te ?uft, the air ; fete 22drme, the warmth ; 

bte ^i^e, the heat 5 bte $afte, the cold. 

Neuter* 

Qa$ $euer, the fire ; bag SfBetter, the weather ; 

ba$ gtcfjt, the light • bag @£, the ice. 

FLUIDS AND THE LIKE. 

Masculine. 

Xex SDBem, the wine ; ber 9?um, the rum ; 

ber @fitg, the vinegar ; ber33ramtttt)em,the brandy; 

ber Zbee, the tea ; ber Zbvan, the train-oil ; 

ber ^afee, the coffee ; ber £bcer, the tar ; 

ber @tber, the cider ; ber £ct(g, the tallow ; 

ber 9JJetb, the mead ; ber Senf, the mustard. 

Feminine. 
£te SRtfcft, the milk ; bte ©afytte, the cream. 

Neuter. 

Qa$ Staffer, the water ; bo$ $ett, the grease ; 

ka$ Del, the oil ; ba$ SOacbS, the wax ; 

bag SBter, the beer ; ba$ ©ummt, the gum. 
ba$ 33fot, the blood ; 

FOOD. 

Masculine. 
Ser ^ucfyen, the cake ; ber Safe, the cheese ; 



22 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ber (Spec?, the bacon ; ber 23raten, the roast meat ; 

ber ©cfymfett, the ham ; ber gtfcf), the fish. 

Feminine. 

S5te ©uppe, the soup ; bte SButter, the butter ; 

bie SOBurft, the pudding, the bte Sritbe, the broth ; 

sausage ; bte Dttnbe, the crust. 

Neuter. 

T)Ci$ SSreb, the bread ; bag $atbfletftf), the veal ; 

bag yjleijl, the meal, the bag ?antmfletfd), the lamb ; 

flour • bag ©cfywemefletfrf), the 
ha$ ^letfcf), the meat ; pork ; 

bag Situbfletfrf), the beef; bag SOBttb, the venison ; 

ba$ gcfyopfenfletfd), the mut- bag ©eflugel, the fowl. 

ton ; 

PREPARED STUFFS. 

Masculine. 

Ser 3^3/ the stuff ; ber Situtttcf), the tick ; 

ber SSarcfyent, the fustian ; ber ,gatute*xt$, the canvas ; 

ber Mattun, ber 3fe, the ca- ber $ajTmtr, the cassimere ; 

lico ; ber j&xoixn, the thread. 

Feminine. 

2He ?euttt>anb, the linen ; bte 33aumtt>otte, the cotton ; 
bte SBotfe, the wool ; bte gefpennene SEBotfe, the 

bte ©etbe, the silk ; worsted. 

Neuter. 

£ag Zud), the cloth ; bag ©fag, the glass ; 

bag ?eber, the leather ; bag ^orjettan, the porcelain. 

bag papier, the paper ; 

MISCELLANEOUS, TECHNICAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TERMS. 

Masculine. 

25er ^3unft r the point ; ber ©a£, the phrase, the 

ber 2Binf el, the angle ; sentence ; 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



23 



ber $orper, the body ; 

ber ®tojf r the matter, the 

stuff; 
ber 23ud)^abe r the letter ; 
ber SSer^ 7 the verse ; 



ber Zori, the accent ; 
ber ©cfyatt, the sound ; 
ber Zon, the tone ; 
ber iant, the tune. 



Feminine. 



•Dfe -23tfbfditfe, the statue ; 

bte $arte, the card ; 

bte ?cmbfarte, the map ; 

bte 2tme, the line ; 

bte $lad)e, the plain ; 

bte gigur, the figure ; 

bte ©ejMt, the frame, 

shape ; 
bte Stlbwtg, the form ; 
bte Sage, the situation ; 

Neuter. 
Qag S5t(bnt$, the portrait ; ba$ ©ebtcfyt, the poem ; 



bte -93ett>egttttg, the motion ; 
bte SRafie, the mass ; 
bte ©pradie, the language ; 
bte 9?ebe, the discourse ; 
bte SKimbart, the dialect ; 
bte ^Jertebe, the period ; 
bte St)f6e, the syllable ; 
bte £eitart, the accent ; 
bte (Stmtnte, the voice. 



ba3 ©emdtbe, the picture 
ba$ S3tfb r the image ; 
ba$ SSJort, the word ; 



ta$ tyflaav, the measure ; 
ba3 ©ettricfjt, the weight. 



MISCELLANEOUS ABSTRACT NOUNS. 

Masculine. 



£er ©etft, the spirit : 
ber ®eift, the ghost ; 
ber ©ngef, the angel ; 
ber geufel, the devil ; 
ber gob, the death ; 
ber ScWctf, the sleep ; 
ber Zxaum, the dream ; 
ber 2Buttfdfr, the wish \ 
ber SSegrtjf, the idea, the 

notion ; 
ber ©ebcmfe, the thought ; 
ber ©faube, the faith, the 

creed ; 



ber 3>tveiftl, the doubt ; 
ber 2Bt§, the wit ; 
ber ©ttttt, the sense ; 
ber ^ebler, the fault ; 
ber Srtt^um, the error ; 
ber ©ena£, the enjoyment ; 
ber Scfymerj, the pain, the 

ache ; 
ber Summer, the grief: 
ber &a$, the hatred ; 
ber 3 e nt, the anger; 
ber 2Btile, the will ; 
ber £mtf, the thank ; 



24 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



ber Serftcmb, the 
standing ; 



under- ber dM, the disgust ; 
ber ©b, the oath. 

Feminine. 



3Me ©eete, the soul • bte 

bte 2te6e, the love ; bte 

bie greube, the joy ; bte 

bte £offmmg, the hope ; bte 

bte %ixx&)t F the fear ; bte 

bte ©cfycmbe, the shame ; bte 

bte ©nabe, the mercy ; bte 
bte ?etbenfd)aft r the passion ; bte 

bte s B$uth, the wrath ; bte 

bte 21njtd)t, the view ; bte 

bte ©abrbett, the truth ; bte 
bte Siige, the lie ; 

Neuter. 



Steltgtoit, the religion ; 
Urfacfye, the cause ; 
SEBtrfuttg, the effect ; 
SBeiSfyett, the wisdom ; 
Xborbett, the folly ; 
Stugenb, the virtue ; 
©itnbe, the sin ; 
grommtgfett, the piety ; 
©orge, the care ; 
2lrt, the kind ; 
©attuttg, the species. 



2>a3 ?eben r the life ; 
i>a$ gafter, the vice ; 



ba$ ©efe£, the law ; 

ba$ SSergniigen, the pleasure. 



THE SENSES. 

Masculine. 

£er ©erttcf), the smell ; ber ©efcfymatf, the taste. 

Neuter. 

2>a3 ©eftcfyt, the sight ; ba3 ©efi'tf)!, the feeling. 

ba$ ©efyor, the hearing ; 



TERMINATIONS INDICATIVE OF THE GENDERS OF 

NOUNS. 

Nouns ending in e are feminine ; as, 

bte (grbe, the earth ; bte ©abe, the gift, 

bte IWttfye, the rest ; 

EXCEPTIONS. 

Masculine are, 
ber $afe, the cheese 5 ber diabe, the raven 5 

ber £lflh e, the ape ; ber £afe, the hare. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 25 

Neuter are, 
ba3 Sluge, the eye ; ba$ @nbe, the end. 

Neuter are also adjective nouns; as, 

ia$ ®ute, the good (thing) ; ba$ Scfyone, the beautiful 
ba$ S36fe, the bad (thing) ; (thing). 

Nouns ending in in or inn are feminine ; as, 

bte greimbm, the (female) tie ©cfoaufpielerut, the ac- 

friend ; tress, 

bte 2ebrertn, the (female) 

teacher ; 

Nouns ending in et are feminine ; as, 

bte Scfymetdjetei, the flat- bxe £rutferet, the printing- 
tery ; office. 

Nouns ending in hit are feminine ; as, 

bte ©efdfftgfett, the complai- bte ©efcfyttnnbigfeit, the 
sance ; quickness. 

Nouns ending in fdhaft are feminine ; as, 

bte gxeimbfcfyaft, the friend- bte ©efefffcfyaft, the corn- 
ship ; pany. 

Nouns ending in mtg are feminine ; as, 

bte D^etgnng, the inclination ; bte SBobnung, the residence, 
bte Dtedjmutg, the account ; 

Neuter are nouns ending in letn and cfyen, which 
affixes are used to form diminutives ; as, 

ta$ $JlaMd)cn, the little ba$ ^ndfcfetn, the little boy ; 

man ; ba£ grdnletn, the miss ; 

t>a$ SOSeifccfyen, the little wo- ba£ Siicfyfem, the little book. 

man ; 

Neuter are infinitive nouns, which terminate in n or 
en, and correspond to the English participle-nouns ; as, 

baS @ffen, the eating ; ba$ S'enfen, the thinking ; 

ba$ ©efyen, the going ; ba$ fcoffen, the hoping. 

2 



26 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Compound substantives take the gender of the final 
noun ; as, 

ba$ grauettjtmmer, the la- bfe SJftamtgperfbtt, the man ; 

dy; ba# ©cfylitffettod), the key- 
set gentferfobett/the window hole. 

shutter ; 

Nouns varying m genders and significations : 

ber 33cmb, the volume; ba$ Zijcr, the gate ; 

t>a$ 33cmb, the ribbon j ber better, the leader ; 

ber ©cfytfb, the shield ; bte getter, the ladder ; 
ba$ ©efytlfb, the sign (the ber 3 eu 8/ ^e stuff (silk, 

work of a painter) : &c.) ; 

ber ©ee, the lake ; ha$ 3^g,the stuff (in gen- 

bte ©ee, the sea ; eral). 
ber g$or; the fool j 



DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, 

Singula?**. 





Blase; 


Fern, 




Neut. 


Nom. 


2>er^ 


bte, 




ba$ r the. 


Gen. 


2>e£; 


ber, 




beg, of the„ 


Dat. 


2>em^ 


ber^ 




bem, to the. 


Ace. 


Sen, 


bte,. 
PluraL 




bag, the~ 




Of the thsee genders;- 






Nom. 


£te, 


the 


^ 




Gen. 


£er, of the 


„ 




Dat. 


3Dett, to 


the 


» 




Ace. 


Sie, 


the 


• 


DECLENSION OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 




Mase. 


Fern. 




NeuL 


Nom. 


@m, 


erne, 




em, a. 


Gen. 


©neg, 


etner, 




euteg, of a. 


Dat. 


©item, 


etner, 




einent, to a. 


Ace. 


©nen, 


erne, 




em, a. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 27 

DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 

Singular. 

FIRST DECLENSION, 

Masculine. 

Nom. Ser Stater, the father, 
Gen. Se£ Stater^, of the father. 
Dat. Sent Stater, to the father. 
Ace. Sen Stater, the father. 

Neuter. 

Nom. Sa$ gMixfyen, the girl 

Gen. Se3 9)Jdbrf)en3, of the girl. 

Dat. Sent 5Didbd)en, to the girl 

Ace. Sa3 SKabdjen,- the girl. 

SECOND DECLENSION, 

Masculine. 

Nom. Ser ^remtb, the friend. 

Gen. Se3 gxewtbeg, of the friend. 
Dat. Sent gremtbe, to the friend. 
Ace. Sen greunb, the friend. 

Neuter. 

Nom. Sa3 ^)ferb, the horse. 

Gen. Se3 ^}ferbe3, of the horse. 

Dat. Sent ^ferbe, to the horse. 

Ace. Sa3 tyfexb, the horse. 

THIRD DECLENSION. 

Masculine. 

Nom. Ser $nabe, the boy. 
Gen. Se3 ^ttafcen, of the boy. 
Dat. Sent j?nafcen, to the boy. 
Ace. Sen jtnaben, the boy. 

FOURTH DECLENSION. 

Feminine. 

Nom. Ste 9D?ntter, the mother. 
Gen. Ser Gutter,, of the mother. 
Dat. Ser 9Kntter, to the mother. 
Ace. Ste SWntter, the mother. 



28 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

Masculine and neuter nouns take g or e$ in the geni- 
tive singular. Those ending in el, en, er, cfyen, and (etn, 
take $, for an additional e$ would render the termina- 
tions too soft. All others take e$* The dative in e cor- 
responds to the genitive in e& 

Masculine nouns that end in e, take n, and, by way of 
exception, a few of other terminations take en in the 
genitive, dative, and accusative cases singular. 

Feminine nouns are not inflected in the singular. 



FORMATION OF THE NOMINATIVE PLURAL. 
Termination e. 

The termination e in the nom. plural principally oc- 
curs in masculine nouns ; as, 

ber grennb, bte grennbe, the friends ; ber ^tingling, bte 
Smtglutge, the youths ; ber £nnb, bte iumbe, the dogs ; 
ber £tfcfy, bte £tfd)e, the tables ; ber %aa, bte Zage, the 
days ; ber 9D?onat, bte donate, the months ; ber ©cfmb, 
bte ©rintbe, the shoes ; ber ©#£, bte ©tge, the seats ; ber 
Slrm, bte Strme, the arms • ber ©tern, bte ©tetne, the 
stones ; ber ©tern, bte Sterne, the stars ; ber 33erg, bte 
Serge, the mountains ; ber SOBinb, bte SOBtnbe, the winds ; 
ber ©inn, bte ©tnne, the senses. 



Masculine monosyllables containing the vowels a, o, it, 
or the diphthong an, soften them into a, 6, it, and dn, be- 
sides assuming the termination e in the nom. plural ; as, 

ber ©ofm, bte ©ofme, the sons ; ber $ncf)3, bte 5nd)fe, 
the foxes ; ber 2Bctf, bte 2Bo(fe, the wolves ; ber ©tord), 
bte ©torcfye, the storks ; ber grefrf), bte grofcfye, the frogs ; 
ber ©trom, bte ©trome, the streams ; ber $fn$, bte ^titfie, 
the rivers ; ber 33arf), bte 23dcfje, the brooks ; ber $o:pf, bte 
$6pfe, the heads ; ber ©d)laf, bte ©d)(dfe, the temples ; 
ber 3 a tytt/ bie Styw, the teeth ; ber SSart, bte 35drte, the 
beards ; ber &clI$, bte SQalfi, the necks ; ber %u$, bte $itge, 
the feet ; ber SScmm, bte S3dnme, the trees ; ber 3?ctf, bte 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 29 

diode, the coats ; ber £uf> bte Spite, the hats ; bet $nopf, 
tie ,ffnopfe, the buttons ; ber Stocf, bte Stocfe, the sticks ; 
ber Strumpf, bte (gtrttmpfe, the stockings ; ber @tubf, bte 
<&tiihle, the chairs ; ber kvuQ, bte ^ritge, the pitchers ; 
ber $er6, bte $erbe, the baskets ; ber Stopf, bte £opfe, the 
pots ; ber Sad, bte Sdtfe, the bags ; ber £burm, bte gbiir* 
me, the towers; ber Stall, bte Stalle, the stables; ber 
9}?arft, bte 9D?drfte, the markets ; ber Sturm, bte Stttrme, 
the storms ; ber £unft, bte SDitttjIe, the vapours ; ber £cn, 
bte £ihte, the tones ; ber £raum, bte £rdume, the dreams ; 
ber SEitnfcfr, bte ^Bunfcbe, the wishes. 

Obs. In bte Stage, bte ftunbe, bte Srfmbe, bte Slrme, by 
way of exception, the vowels are not softened. 



A few feminine monosyllables containing the vowels 
capable of being softened, also assume the termination 
e and the softened vowels in the nom. plural ; as, 

bte 9Qcagb, bte 5Rdgbe, the servants ; bte $nb, bte Sttlje, 
the cows ; bte tylang, bte SKdttfe, the mice ; bte ©an3, bte 
Odnfe, the geese ; bte ?aus>, bte ?dnfe, the lice ; bte 9iacbt, 
bte 9idrf)te, the nights ; bte £anb, bte frdnbe, the hands ; 
bte gautf, bte gdufte, the fists ; bte grucbt, bte $rucf)te, the 
fruits ; bte 9iitp, bte Sfaifte, the nuts ; bte 35anf, bte S3dnfe, 
the benches ; bte Stabt, bte Stabte, the towns ; bte fuft, 
bte Sufte, the airs ; bte 5Burft, bte SBurfte, the sausages ; 
bte $unft, bte Mimfte, the arts. 



Comparatively few neuter nouns take the termination 
e in the nom. plural. They are principally mono- 
syllables and do not soften the vowels a, o, and u ; as, 

bag %abv, bte Sabre, the years ; bag Scbaf, bte Scfyafe, 
the sheep ; bag £aar, bte £aare, the hairs ; bag £bcr, bte 
£bcre, the gates ) bag SE?ort, bte StBorte, the words; bag 
^3ferb, bte ^pferbe, the horses ; bag Scbtteut, bte Scbroetne, 
the hogs ; bag £bter, bte £btere, the animals ; bag SSettt, 
bte S?eate, the legs ; bag Mine, bte ^nte, the knees ; bag 
papier, bte ^aptere, the papers ; ba6 ©etxntrj, bte ©ettmrje, 
the spices ; bas ©efitbf, bte ©efitble, the sentiments; bas 
@e[e|, bie ©efefee, the laws. 



30 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 

Terminations en and n* 

The characteristic terminations of feminine nouns in 
the nom. plural are n and en. Those ending in e, et, 
and er, add n r the others en ; and those ending in in, add 
nen; as, 

bte SSInme, bte SSInmen, the flowers ; bte ^Pflanje, bte 
spflanjen, the plants ; bte SBedbe, bte SBecfyen, the weeks ; 
bte ©tube, bte Stuben, the rooms ; bte 33afe, bte Safen, the 
cousins ; bte Scbwalbe, bte <Ed)tvalben, the swallows ; bte 
©prarfje, bte (gpracben, the languages ; bte ©cfynle, bte 
©cfynfen, the schools ; bte (gcfymefter, bte Scfyweftem, the 
sisters ; bte 9'iabef, bte ytabeln, the needles ; bte @a6e(, bte 
©abeln, the forks ; bte geber, bte ^ebern, the feathers ; bte 
gran, bte granen, the women; bte grennbtn, bte grennbtn* 
nen, the friends ; bte ?ebrerm, bte ?ebrertnnen, the teachers. 

A few masculine nouns also assume the terminations 
tl and en in the nom. plural. They are principally such 
as have those terminations in the singular. 

£er $nabe, bte $naben, the boys ; ber 2Jffe, bte 2ijfen, 
the apes ; ber £6tt>e, bte ?6n)en, the lions ; ber Sentfefye, bte 
Sentfcfyen, the Germans ; ber SKenfd), bte 9D?enfd)en, the 
men ; ber s Jiad)bar, bte 9iarf)barn, the neighbours ; ber 
S5aner, bte -35anern, the farmers ; ber £)cf)g, bte Odbfen, the 
oxen. 

A few neuter nouns, by way of exception, assume 
the terminations n and en in the nom. plural ; as, 

bag Singe, bte Stttgen, the eyes • bag Dbr, bte Dbren, the 
ears ; ba$ &ev$, bte fcer^en, the hearts ; bag $5ett, bte 
SSetten, the beds ; bag £emb, bte ^emben, the shirts. 

Termination ex. 

($x is the characteristic termination of neuter nouns 
in the nom. plural ; as, 

bag ®inb, bte $mber, the children ; ba$ $ (etb, bte MeU 
ber, the clothes ; bag ?teb, tie ?teber,the songs ; bag 33t(b, 
tie 33iiber, the pictures ; bag ffilb, ^ e falter, the fields : 
bag ©ejtd)t, bte ©eftcbter, the faces ; bag &, He (gier, the 
eggs j bag Stdjt, bte ?tcf)ter / the lights. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 31 

Neuter monosyllables containing the vowels a, o, u, 
and the diphthongs an, soften them into d, 6, it, and du, 
besides taking the termination er in the nom. plur. ; as, 

bag ?amm, bte hammer, the lambs ; bag Mali, bte MaU 
hex, the calves ; bag £anb, bte £dnber, the countries ; bag 
Ztjal f bte Sadler, the valleys ; bag 33fatt, bee SSfatter^ the 
leaves ; bag S3anb, bte S3dnber, the ribbons ; bag ©fag, bte 
©tdfer, the glasses ; bag %a% bte ^dfier, the tubs ; bag 
2>ad), bte £dd)er, the roofs ; bag ^ortt, bte Renter, the 
horns ; bag $Bort, bte3B6rter, the (single) words ; bag £uf)n, 
bte £ufyner, the chickens ; bag £utf), bte £itd)er, the hand- 
kerchiefs ; bag 33ncfy, bte 23itcf)er, the books ; bag $)au$, 
bte£dttfer, the houses ; bag fyavupt, bte £dupter, the heads. 

A few masculine nouns, by way of exception, take 
the termination er in the nom. plural ; as, 

ber 9D?antt, bte 95?dmter, the men 5 ber SOBurnt, bte 2Biir* 
nter, the worms ; ber ©etjl, bte ©etfter, the spirits ; ber 
£>rt, bte Derter, the places ; ber £etb, bte £et6er, the bodies. 

NO CHANGE IN THE NOMINATIVE PLURAL IN MASCULINE 

AND NEUTER NOUNS. 

1st, Masculine nouns ending in ef, en, and er : 

ber SSitrger, bte 33itrger, the citizens ; ber Seftrer, bte SeJj* 
rer, the teachers ; ber (£nge(, bte @ngel, the angels ; ber 
Sdger, bte Sdger, the hunters ; ber ibfer, bte Slbter, the 
eagles ; ber $arpfeit, bte $arpfen, the carps ; ber $dfer, 
bte $dfer, the beetles ; ber finger, bte finger, the fingers ; 
ber Saumett, bte Saumen, the thumbs ; ber ^necfyen, bte 
$ttod)en, the bones ; ber $fugel, bte $(ugel, the wings ; ber 
(SE&ogett, bte (Stfbogett, the elbows ; ber $6rper, bte $6rper, 
the bodies ; ber 9Sftagen, bte 9D?agett, the stomachs ; ber 
©ommer, bte ©ontnter, the summers ; ber S&tnter, bte Sffim* 
ter, the winters ; ber 9D?orgett, bte 9D?orgen, the mornings ; 
ber ^ebef, bte 9?ebef, the fogs ; ber ©pteget, bte Spiegel, the 
looking-glasses ; ber ©cfytuftet, bte ©cttfufiet, the keys ; 
ber ?eucf)ter, bte ?ettcf)ter, the candle-sticks ; ber 23rumtett, 
bte SSrunnen, the wells ; ber 2ButfeI, bte 2Btnfef, the angles : 



32 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ber Soffef, bte ?cffe(, the spoons ; ber ©mer, bte ©met, the 
pails ; ber 23efen, bte 35efen, the brooms ; fcer ?aben, bte £a- 
ben, the shutters ; ber SWetpel, bte 9Ketgef,the chisels ; ber 
SSobrer, fcxe 25obrer, the borers ; fcer £efie(, bte Reflet, the 
kettles ; ber fetter, bte feller, the cellars ; ber SOBagen, bte 
2Bagen, the wagons ; ber 2Jerme(,bte SJertnet, the sleeves ; 
ber Iftucfyen, bte kitchen, the cakes ; ber $eMer, bte getter, 
the faults. 

2d, Neuter nouns ending in el, en, er, fern, and cfyen ; as, 

bag Sfttttef, bte Sfttttel, the means ; bag Stegef, bte ©te* 
get, the seals ; bag ^apttei, bte <ftapttef, the chapters ; bag 
9?dtbfet, bte 9?dtbfef, the riddles ; ba$ ©egef, bte Segef, the 
sails ; bag £rttte(, bte Srtttet, the thirds ; bag SStertef, bte 
SSiertet r the quarters ; bag ^tfifen, bte ^tjfen, the cushions ; 
bag 33etfen, bte 33etfen, the basins ; bag @tfen,bte ©fen, the 
irons ; bag ^titim, bte 3^td)ett, the marks ; bag genfter, 
bte gender, the windows; bag Simmer, bte gimmex, the 
rooms ; bag SSJteflfer, bte 5D?efier, the knives ; bag 9inber, 
bte 9tnber, the oars ; bag SOBnnber, bte 5BBnnber, the won- 
ders ; bag ?after, bte ?ajl:er, the vices ; bag 90?dbd)en, bte 
SKdbcfyen, the girls ; bag 35(itmcf)en, bte 23(ihnd)en, the flow- 
erets ; bag gf&fefjcfjeit, bte gldfd)d)en, the vials ; bag grdu* 
letn, bte grdnletn, the misses ; bag 23ud)(etn, bte SBudjlem, 
the little books. 



NO CHANGE IN THE TERMINATIONS, BUT SOFTENED 
VOWELS. 

A few nouns ending in el, en, and er, do not change 
the terminations, but soften the radical vowels a, o, and 
it into d, o, and it, in the nominative plural ; as, 

Masculine. 

Ser 3ScgeI, bte SSogef, the birds ; ber Sfcpfef, bte Stepfef, 
the apples ; fcer 9?aget, bte SMgef, the nails ; ber Mantel, 
bte 9fJ?dntef, the cloaks ; ber Scfynabel, bte ©djttdbel, the 
bills ; ber ©arten, bte ©drten, the gardens ; ber Cfen, bte 
SDefen, the stoves ; ber ^Setter, bte SSdter, the fathers j ber 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 33 

§5rttber, bte ©ruber, the brothers ; tcr &ammer, bte §ax& 
nter, the hammers. 

Feminine. 
33ie Gutter, tie gutter, the mothers ; bte £ecf)ter, bte 
feebler, the daughters. 

Neuter. 
£cts SHoftev, tie defter, the cloisters, 

PLURAL NOUNS. 

£te (gitem? the parents ; He Qeute, the people ; tie j!o* 
ften, the expenses ; bte fcefen, the pantaloons ; tie $Be% 
nacbten, Christmas ; tie Client, Easter ; tie ^fmgfteu, 
Whitsmitide ; bte ©ebritber, the brothers ; tie ©efcfcnnjrer, 
the brothers and sisters. 

Nouns varying the forms and genders with the signi- 
fications in the plural. 

£te 33cmf, bte 3?dnfe, the benches ; bte S3anf, bte 33att* 
feu, the banks ; ber Ztjov, tie Jbereu, the fools ; bets XtfOY, 
tie £bcre, the gates ; ber !$ant, tie 3?dube, the volumes ; 
ta$ 33aub, bte 93duber, the ribbons ; ba£ S?aub, bte 3?aitbe, 
the bonds ; ber 2cbt(b,bte 2cbt(be, the shields ; bd$ @d)Ub, 
bte Scbttber, the signs ; ber SSogett, bte SSogen, the sheets of 
paper ; ber SSogett, bte SBogen, the bows ; ber #u§, bte glife, 
the feet (parts of the body) ; ber $a£,bret Jug, three feet 
(a measure) ; ber Saben, bte ?abeu, the shutters ; ber faben, 
bte ?dbeu, the shops ; ta$ SBort, bte 23crter, the (single) 
words ; ba3 ©ert, bte SBJort^ words (in connexion). 

COMPOUNDS OF g e It t £ 

£er Manfmaxtn, tie ^auffeute, the merchants ; ber %irm 
trtermamt, bte Qimmexlcixte, the carpenters ; fcer&cuiptntann, 
bte Syiuptleute, the captains ; ber gbemcmn, bte gbemdu* 
ner, the husbands ; bte Sbeleute, married people. 



DECLENSION OF NOUNS IN THE PLURAL NUMBER, 

All nouns are declined alike in the plural. The gen. 
and ace. cases are like the nom., and only the dative 

2* 



34 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

adds n to the nominative that does not yet termi- 
nate so. 

Nom. 3Me Setter, the fathers. 

Gen. 2}er Safer, of the fathers, 

Dat. Sen Sdtern, to the fathers. 

Ace. 2>te Setter, the fathers. 



Nom. 2Me ^ranen, the women. 
Gen. 2>er ^ranen, of the women, 
Dat. 2>en ^ranen, to the women. 
Ace. 2>te graueit, the women. 



EXERCISES. 



3Der Sate? tfi giittg* 2)er 23ruber ift fleifng* 2>er Sefyrer 

The. father is kind. The brother is industrious. The teacher 

if! in bent ©arten* Ser ©cfyteiber ill gefdjttft Eer Setter 

is in to the garden. The tailor is skilful. The cousin 

tft gefatfig* 2)er Sd)netber arkttet 2>er ©ofyn beg 

is obliging. The tailor works. The son* of the 

©cfynetberg* 3Me %xau beg Setters £er ©djitler beg 

tailor. The wife of the cousin. The pupil of the 

£efyrerg* Der ©ebn Itebt ben Sater, Ser Sefyirter efyrt 

teacher. The son loves the father. The pupil honours 

ben ?efyrer, ®er SJKantt rnft ben gefynetber, Der Mnabe 

the teacher. The man calls the tailor. - / The boy 

get)crct)t bent Setter* £te gdpefler fofgt bent Setter. £>er 

obeys to the father. The sister follows to the cousin. The 

Schitler banft bent ?el)rer* 2)ag &ucf) gefallt bent ©cfynet* 

pupil thanks to the teacher. The ©loth pleases to the tai- 

ber* 

lor. 

The father is kind. The brother is industrious. The 
teacher is in the garden. The tailor is skilful. The 
cousin is obliging. The tailor is working. The son of 
the tailor. The wife of the cousin. The pupil of the 
teacher. The son loves the father. The pupil hon- 
ours the teacher. The man calls the tailor. The boy 
obeys the father. The sister follows the cousin. The 
pupil thanks the teacher. The tailor likes the cloth.. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 35 

din SSater* dhx -SBruber* din Seker* 3Me Ste&e etne3 

A father. A brother. A teacher. The love of a 

5Bater& £te &rene etneg ©rubers* 33ie 93?etbefce etneS 

father. The faithfulness of a brother. The method of a 

gefyrerS* Die Strbett etneS @ct}ttetber^. £a3 $tnb bat 

teacher. The work of a tailor. The child has 

etnen Safer* £te grew hat etnen ©ruber* Ser Sna&e bat 

a father. The woman has a brother. The boy has 

etnen ?ebrer* £er ©ruber fetutt etnen ©cfynetber* Die 

a teacher. The brother knows a tailor. The 

£od)ter geborcfyt einem Sater* £er $Kahe gefyordjt einem 

daughter obeys to a father. The boy obeys to a 

?ebrer* £er 3?ccf gebort etnem Srfmetber* 

teacher. The coat belongs to a tailor. 

A father. A brother. A teacher. The love of a 
father. The faithfulness of a brother. The method of 
a teacher. The work of a tailor. The child has a 
father. The woman has a brother. The boy has a 
teacher. The brother is acquainted with a tailor. The 
daughter obeys a father. The boy obeys a teacher. 
The coat belongs to a tailor. 



£er jgreitttfc tft treu* ®n gretmb tfl aufrtcfjttg. £te 

The friend is faithful. A friend is upright. The 

£reue eute£ grettttbe& Die ^ufrtdbtigfett beS greunbeS* 

faithfulness of a friend. The uprightness of the friend. 

2>er ©ruber fofgt bent greunbe* £er Sater t)ttft einem 

The brother obevs to the friend. The father helps to a 

greunbe* Ser Setter lo&t ben $reunb* 3cf) t)afce etnen 

friend. The cousin praises the friend. I have a 

greunb* 

friend. 

The friend is faithful. A friend is sincere. The 
faithfulness of a friend. The sincerity of the friend. 
The brother obeys the friend. The father helps a 
friend. The cousin praises the friend. I have a friend. 



£er SJKcmn tfl arm. din $flann i\t jiarf * Ser SJrjt tfl 

The man is poor. A man is strong. The physician is 

gefdjtcft* din Slrjt roar gegenn>arrtg* £er £t(cf) tfl alt* 

skilful. A physician was present. The table is old, 



36 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

(Sin Ziffi tft f)ter. Ser £nnb tft tren- (£in £nnb if* 

A table is here. The dog is faithful. A dog is 

tt>ad)fant> Ser £nnb beg 9)?anneg* Sag *pferb cin^ 

watchful. The dog of the man. The horse ot a 

SWanneg* Ser patient beg Slrjteg* Ser 3?atl) eineg 

man. The patient of the physician. The advice of a 

Slrjteg. Ser ^Jreig beg gifcfyeg* Sie ©roge eineg £ifrf)eg* 

physician. The price of the table. The size of a table. 

Ser £err beg £nnbeg* Sag SSeKen eineg £nnbeg* Ser 

The master of the dog. The barking of a dog. The 

£tfrf) gefyort bent §D?anne* Sag $>ferfc gebort einent 9Kamte* 

table belongs to the man. The horse belongs to a man. 

Ser patient barift bent 2lrjte* Set patient ftricfyt ntit einem 

The patient thanks to the physician. The patient speaks with to a 

Strjte. Sag Surf) liegt auf et'nem £ifd)e. Ser £mtb tiegt 

physician. The book lies on to a table. The dog lies 

unter bent £ifd)e* Set SD?ann fpielt ntit bent jguitfce* Ser 

under to the table. The man plays with to the dog. The 

$nabe fpteft nttt einem £nnbe, 

boy plays with to a dog. 

The man is poor. A man is strong. The physician 
is skilful. A physician was present. The table 
is old. A table is here. The dog is faithful. A 
dog is watchful. The dog of the man. The horse of 
a man. The patient of the physician. The advice of 
a physician. The price of the table. The size of a 
table. The master of the dog. The barking of a dog. 
The table belongs to the man. The horse belongs to a 
man. The patient thanks the physician. The patient 
is speaking to a physician. The book is lying on a ta- 
ble. The dog is lying beneath the table. The man is 
playing with the dog. The boy is playing with a 
dog. 



Sag 33nrf) ifl fdj&m ©it SWdfj ifl nnfelicf)- Sag &au# 

The book is fine A book is useful. The house 

ifl fceqnem. Ser Jnbaft ice 23nrf)eg. Ser 25erfaj]er eineg 

is comfortable The contents of the book. The author of a 

93itd)eg. Ser ©cjentfyitmer beg £aufeg* Ser ^)reig etneg 

book. The owner of the house. The price of a 

v^anfeg. Ser SSater Kept in bent SSncfre* Ser SSrnber 

house. The father reads in to the bcok. The brother 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 87 

Iteft ttt einem 93ncf)e* Tie SSKutter t(l in bent ftanfe. ^er 

reads in to a book. The mother is in to the house. The 

(gdntter bat em aSitcft* £er Statin bat cm $satt$. 

student has a book. The man has a house. 

The book is pretty. A book is useful. The house 
is comfortable. The contents of the book. The au- 
thor of a book. The owner of the house. The price 
of a house. The father is reading in the book. The 
brother is reading in a book. The mother is in the 
house. The student has a book. The man has a 
house. 



£ie QRutter tjl jdrtfiri)* £ie SKutter nabet £te Sfebe 

The mother is tender. The mother sews. The love 

ber SEftntter* £ie Serge ber Gutter. £ie £ochter gteicfyt 

of the mother The care of the mother. The daughter resembles 

ber SWutter* £<*3 ^tnb geborcbt ber Gutter. £er Sebn 

to the mother. The child obeys to the mother. The son 

ebrt bie SKutter* Xa$ £inb licit bie Gutter. £ie Zed)* 

honours the mother. The child lores the mother. The daugh- 
ter tft fcfyoiu £ie gran ift jmig* dim £orf)ter ber gran* 

ter is handsome. The woman is young. A daughter of the woman. 

Xa$ Stkib enter £ecbter/ £ie Grrjtebmtg einer £ecfrter* 

The dress of a daughter. The education of a daughter. 

£er Sixidbt tcrmi bte gran + £er SKann bat eine Zcd)tex. 

The boy knows the woman. The man has a daughter. 

£te Gutter btift ber Xocbter- £er SSater gfanbt einer 

The mother helps to the daughter. The father believes to a 

£ocbter- 2M3 jfinb traut einer gran* £a£ ^inb bilft ber 

daughter. The child trusts to a woman. The child helps to the 

gran. £a$ SJKatdjen tobt eine gran, 

woman. The girl praises a woman. 

The mother is tender. The mother is sewing. 
The love of the mother. The care of the mother. The 
daughter resembles the mother. The child obeys the 
mother. The son honours the mother. The child loves 
the mother. The daughter is handsome. The woman 
is young. A daughter of the woman. The dress of a 
daughter. The education of a daughter. The boy is 
acquainted with the woman. The man has a daugh- 
ter. The mother assists the daughter. The father be- 



38 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

lieves a daughter. The child trusts a woman. The 
child helps the woman. The girl praises a woman. 



£a$ 5D?abd)en tjl befcfjeibett* @ut SiJidbcfyctt ift fyier* Sa^ 

The girl is modest. A girl is here. The 

SSetragen beg 9D?abrf)ettg* Dag $(eib eitteg 9D?abrf)ettg* Sag 

conduct of the girl. The dress of a girl. The 

$tnb gleicfyt bem 9D?cibd)en* Der ^ttabe fotgt eittem 

child resembles to the girl. The boy follows to a 

Sftdbcfyem Der SSruber Kebt bag 9)?abd)ett* Die gutter 

girl. The brother loves the girl. The mother 

fud)t em SKdbcfjett* Der ©piegel itf grog, ©n Spiegel 

seeks a girl. The looking-glass is large. A looking-glass 

tft jer6recWicf)* Der SiKafymen beg ©piegefg* Die @ri>£e 

is fragile. The frame of the looking-glass. The size 

eitteg (gptegefg* Der 9D?atttt flef>t fccr eittem ©piegeL 

of a looking-glass. The man stands before to a looking-glass. 

The girl is modest. A girl is here. The conduct of 
the girl. The dress of a girl. The child resembles the 
girl. The boy follows a girl. The brother loves the 
girl. The mother is looking for a girl. The looking- 
glass is large. A looking-glass is fragile. The frame 
of the looking-glass. The size of a looking-glass. The 
man is standing before a looking-glass. 



Die gmttibe beg SEWamteS* Die fiaufer ber gremtbe* 

The friends of the man. The houses of the friends. 

Der SSruber tvaxxt ten greunbett, Der Mnabe raft bie grettttbe* 

The brother trusts to the friends. The boy calls the friends. 

Die £imbe bellett* Die gage jtnb lattg* 2)ie gifcfye jmb 

The dogs bark. The days are long. The tables are 

netu Ste gtettte fittb fyart Die ^pferbe ftttb fyitbfrf)* S5rittgett 

new. The stones are hard. The horses are pretty. Bring 

©te ?irf)ter, Die gttte ftttb trodetu Der £err ber £uttbe* 

They lights. The skins are dry. The master of the dogs 

Der sprete ber Ziffie. Dag gutter ber ^pferbe* Der 

The price of the tables. The feed of the horses. The 

$ttabe gibt ben ^uttbett Staffer* Der grembe tarn fcor 

boy gives to the dogs water. The stranger came before 

brei gagett* Die <&tut)U nebft ten gifcfyem Der SKann 

to three days. The chairs together with to the tables. The man 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 39 

gtbt ben ^(erfcen &afer* Tex Syxx (cMcigt bte £unbe* £er 

gives to the horses oats. The master strikes the dogs. The 

(gefyrewer vetfauft Zii&e. $cb brauebe etntge gebem 

cabinet-maker sells tables. I want several pens. 

The friends of the man. The houses of the friends. 
The brother trusts the friends. The boy calls the friends. 
The dogs are barking. The days are long. The tables 
are new. The stones are hard. The horses are pret- 
ty. Bring some candles. The skins are dry. The 
master of the dogs. The price of the tables. The feed 
of the horses. The boy gives the dogs some water. 
The stranger came three days ago. The chairs together 
with the tables. The man gives the horses some oats. 
The master strikes the dogs. The joiner sells tables. 
I want a few pens. 



Tie Sbbne ebren fcett Setter- Tie Kecfe fmb tteit. Tie 

The sons honour the father. The coats are new. The 

£utte ber Stnaben* 3Sfe gtubte fmb frequent* 2)tc fciibe 

hats of the boys. The chairs are comfortable. The cows 

ftnb ouf bent geibe. Tie grouett naben. Tie Sdwe(tent 

are on to the field. The women sew. The sisters 

be3 grembem Tie Zbiimx he$ §aitfe& Tie ©abeht ftnb 

of the stranger. The doors of the bouse. The forks are 

fptetg. Tex Sebtente ber Scbue* Tex %atb ber Sferjte* 

pointed. The servant of the sons. The advice of the physicians. 

2)ie garbe ber Syne. 33ie ®e(etf(cftaft ber grauen* Ta§ 

The colour of the "hats. The company of the women. The 

3tmmer ber 3dwejtenu Tie 2itle(fer ber Stbitren* ©er 

room of the sisters. The locks of the doors. The 

(Baft ber -33tnten* Tie %cidm ber ©abeln. 2>ft ^(etber 

juice of the pears. The prongs of the forks. The clothes 

geboren ben Sebneu* Tex patient fprid^t mft ben Slergtem 

belong to the sons. The patient speaks with to the physicians. 

Tex^ (ebonite nnter ben &ittem Tie banner }'amx anf 

The finest among to the hats. The men sat upon 

(Btttbiem ©eben Sie ten miben Syxu Tie banner 

to chairs. Give They to the cows hay. The men 

(dbmetcbelu ben grmietu Tie 83rufcer brtngeu ben Scbtte* 

flatter to the women. The brothers bring to the sis- 

(tern astumem Tie Sdbnbe (tauten &or ben Ztjmcn* 3d! 

ters flowers. The shoes stood before to the doors. I 

jtebe bte Slepfet ben Strnen wv. (3&fye W*0 

draw the apples to the pears before, (Prefer.) 



40 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 

The sons honour the father. The coats are new. 
The hats of the boys. The chairs are comfortable. 
The cows are in the field. The women are sewing* 
The sisters of the stranger. The doors of the house. 
The forks are pointed. The servant of the sons. The 
advice of the physicians. The colour of the hats. The 
company of the women. The room of the sisters. 
The locks of the doors. The juice of the pears. The 
prongs of the forks. The clothes belong to the sons. 
The patient speaks to the physicians. The finest among 
the hats. The men were sitting on chairs. Give the 
cows some hay. The men flatter the women. The 
brothers are bringing some flowers for the sisters. The 
shoes stood before the doors. I prefer apples to pears. 



£tej?rtafcettfptefetn £te fterren raudben. 35tc 90?abrf)ett 

The boys play. The gentlemen smoke. The girls 

tcrnjem SDte Ccbfen freflen. 3^te ftctfen foufem S5ie 

dance. The oxen eat. The hares run. The 

£emben jmb geroafchem £te timber tacfyetu £te ^fetter 

shirts are washed. The children laugh. The clothes 

jmb jerrtjiett. JBfe ©fafer jmb jerbrecfyetu £>te 23itd)er jmb 

are torn. The -glasses are broken. The books are 

imterbaftenb. 25tc £utf)er jTnb nap* 25fe Grftent ber 

amusing. The handkerchiefs are wet. The parents of the 

Rtiabett. S5ie ftiite ber £erren* 25ie (Bitten ber Srcmjo* 

boys. The hats of the gentlemen. The manners of the French- 

fetu Xa$ gutter ber Ccbfeiu SMegetfe ber $>a$w+ Ser 

men. The feed of the oxen. The skins of the hares. The 

3nbaft ber SSitrfjer* £er Cngetttbtmter ber £aitfer. £te 

contents of the books. The owner of the nouses. The 

SWafcdjen jpteten nttt ben ftnaben. 35ie Samett jpreefcen mit 

girls play with to the boys. The ladies speak with 

ben £errert. £te £imbe t)erfo(gen tie ftaferu 

to the gentlemen. The dogs persecute the hares. 

The boys are playing. The gentlemen are smoking. 
The girls are dancing. The oxen are eating. The 
hares are running. The shirts are washed. The chil- 
dren laugh. The clothes are torn. The glasses are 
broken. The books are amusing. The handkerchiefs 
are wet. The parents of the boys. The hats of the 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 41 

gentlemen. The manners of the Frenchmen. The 
feed of the oxen. The skins of the hares. The con- 
tents of the books. The owner of the houses. The 
girls are playing with the boys. The ladies are speak- 
ing with the gentlemen. The dogs persecute the hares. 



Die Minbev $erretf?en bie Mieitev. ©nige fcon ten ^leibern 

The children tear the clothes. Some of to the clothes 

ftnb nen* Dte fterren trinfen am ben ©(dfern* Die ©tdfer 

are new. The gentlemen drink out to the glasses. The glasses 

ftnb rein. Die ftnaben tefen in ten SSiidjmu Die 9Wabrf)en 

are clean. The boys read in to the books. The girls 

nmfefjen bte &iicf)er+ dineg Don biefen §dnfew ifi aerfaufh 

washed the handkerchiefs. One of to these houses is sold. 

Die grcmen ftnb in ben ftaitfew* Die SKanner jmb abvoe* 

The women are in to the houses. The men are ab- 

fenb* ©ner Don ten SDJdnnern i]t bier. Die ©egetwart 

sent. One of to the men is here. The presence 

ber SSater ber ^inber. Die ^inber gebordjen ben SSdtern+ 

of the fathers of the children. The children obey to the fathers. 

Die 2d)tt>eflern bringen ben 33rnbern SSrob* Die 2d)tt>efiern 

The sisters bring to the brothers bread. The sisters 

toben bie SSriiber. Die gutter nnterricbten tie £od)ter* 

praise the brothers. The mothers instruct the daughters. 

Die £6d)ter jTnb ben SKfittem banfbar. Die 2Jepfe( ftnb 

The daughters are to the mothers grateful. The apples are 

reif. Die (gefyafen ber StepfeL (§3 ftnb 2Bnrmer in ben 

ripe. The peels of the apples. It are worms in to the 

aiepfefn* ©eben ©ie ntir bie Stepfef. Die ©drten geboren 

apples. Give They to me the apples. The gardens belong 

ten gtemjofen* Die ?age ber ©drten iftangenebm* ©ef)en 

to the Frenchmen. The location of the gardens is pleasant. Go 

(Bie in tie ©drten ? Xie SDefen ftnb beifL (£$ ifl gener 

They into the gardens 1 The stoves are hot. It is fire 

in ben Defen* $anfen Sie tie £)efen ? 

in to the stoves. Buy They the stoves 1 

The children tear the clothes. Some of the clothes 
are new. The gentlemen are drinking out of the glas- 
ses. The glasses are clean. The boys are reading in 
the books. The girls washed the handkerchiefs. One 
of these houses is sold. The women are in the houses. 
The men are absent. One of the men is here. The 
presence of the fathers of the children. The children 



42 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

obey the fathers. The sisters are bringing some bread 
for the brothers. The sisters praise the brothers. The 
mothers instruct the daughters. The daughters are 
grateful towards the mothers. The apples are ripe. 
The peels of the apples. Worms are in the apples. 
Give me the apples. The gardens belong to the French- 
men. The location of the gardens is pleasant. Do you 
go (are you going) into the gardens ? The stoves are 
hot. There is fire in the stoves. Do you buy the 
stoves ? 



Die 9D?dbrf)en fmb ffetf% Die %lamm ber tyflabdtjen. 

The girls are industrious. The names of the girls. 

Die gitdjer gefatlen ben SJidbcfyem 2>te grew lobt bte 

The handkerchiefs please to the girls. The woman praises the 

3D?dbd)etu 5Dte gender fmb offen* Die £of)e ber $enffer* 

girls. The windows are open. The height of the windows. 

Die Damen fefyett an$ ben gtnftern* 5D?adf)en ©ie bte gen* 

The ladies look out to the windows. Make They the win- 
der ju* 2Me 9D?effer finb jhtmpf. Die ©cfydrfe ber 5D?effer. 

dows to. The knives are blunt. The sharpness of the knives. 

Die $inber fcfyneiben ffd) mit ben 5D?effern* Die £efyrer 

The children cut themselves with to the knives. The teachers 

fyaben ©ebulb* Die ©emitter ber £efyrer* 9Btr fcegegneten 

have patience. The pupils of the teachers. We met 

bm ?ef)renn 2Bir ctcfyten bte Sefyrer* Ste ©cfyneiber 

to the teachers. We esteem the teachers. The tailors 

fcerferttgen JHecfe* Die ©efcfyitflicfyfeit ber ©cfyneiber* 

make coats. The skill of the tailors. 

Sejafyfen ©ie ben ©cfyneibern bte 9Wcfe+ 9?ufen ©te bte 

Pay They to the tailors the coats. Call They the 

©cfyneiber. 33te ©critter fmb cutfmerffdm* Die SJnfgafcen 

tailors. The students are attentive. The lessons 

ber ©cfyiiler* Der Unterricfyt ift ben ©cfyitfern cmgenebnu 

of the students. The instruction is to the pupils agreeable. 

Der Sefyrer lobt bte ©cfyitfer* Die Serfaflfer ber S3iicf)er* Die 

The teacher praises the pupils. The authors of the books. The 

Stamen ber 23erfafler* 2Me ©gentfyitmer ber £dnfer* Die 

names of the authors. The owners of the houses. The 

9?ecf)te ber ©gentfyumer* Die gcjfel jmb fcfywer* Der 

rights of the owners. The spoons are heavy. The 

2§ertf) ber ?ojfel* Sie defter nnb ©afafa nebfl ben 

value of the spoons. The knives and forks together with to the 

?6ffeln* Die 2eud)ter ftnb gepngt Die @ro$e ber 2entf)* 

spoons. The candlesticks are cleaned. The size of the candle- 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 43 

ter. Sinb ?tdf)te m ben Seucfjtero ? Die Spteget fmb 

sticks. Are candles in to the candlesticks 1 The looking-glasses are 

grog. Sxc Cabmen ber Spiegel* gifcfye fteben ttor ben 

large. The frames of the looking-glasses. Tables stand before to the 

Sptegeftt. ©efyett @ie bte ©ptegd ? 

looking-glasses. See They the looking-glasses 1 

The girls are industrious. The names of the girls. 
The girls like the handkerchiefs. The woman praises 
the girls. The windows are open. The height of the 
windows, The ladies are looking out of the windows. 
Shut the windows. The knives are blunt. The sharp- 
ness of the knives. The children cut themselves with 
the knives. The teachers have patience. The pupils 
of the teachers. We met the teachers. We esteem 
the teachers. The tailors make coats. The skill of the 
tailors. Pay the tailors for the coats. Call the tailors. 
The pupils are attentive. The lessons of the pupils. 
The instruction is agreeable to the pupils. The teacher 
praises the pupils. The authors of the books. The 
names of the authors. The owners of the houses. 
The rights of the owners. The spoons are heavy. 
The value of the spoons. The knives and forks to- 
gether with the spoons. The candlesticks are cleaned. 
The size of the candlestick. Are candles in the candle- 
sticks ? THe looking-glasses are large. The frames of 
the looking-glasses. Tables are standing before the 
looking-glasses. Do you see the looking-glasses ? 



Die ©tent ber -SBraut Die greube ber dltevn. Die 

The parents of the bride. The joy of the parents. The 

$inber banfen ben @(tern* Der @ofm ebrt bte dltmu 

children thank to the parents. The son honours the parents. 

Die ?eate fmb neugierig* Die 9?eugierbe ber Zmte. 3cfy 

The people are curious. The curiosity of the people. I 

babe e3 von fcnefen Seutett gebort dv hunt mete Zeute* 

have it from to many people heard. He knows many people. 

Die Soften fmb grc£. Der SSetrag ber $ofiem t:a$ Un* 

The expenses are great. The amount of the expenses. The un- 

ternebmen i\t mit grcpen Sloften tterfnitpfh 9£?er fcejabft tie 

dertaking is with great expenses connected. Who pays the 



44 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Uttfojleit ? @r that e$ cutf tnetne $eftem £ag $mb liebt 

costs 1 He did it upon my costs. The child loves 

feme ©efd)ttnjlet\ £ie ©efcfynnfter beg £tnbeg* £te 

its brothers and sisters. The brothers and sisters of the child. The 

©egennxtrt ber ©cfd)tt>itfer be3 jtrmbem Mommm Ste mit 

presence of the brothers and sisters of the boy. Come They with 

3bren ©efrf}n>t|T:ern. 

to Their brothers and sisters. 

The parents of the bride. The joy of the parents. 
The children thank the parents. The son honours the 
parents. People are curious. The curiosity of the 
people. I have heard it from many people. He is 
acquainted with many people. The expense is great. 
The amount of the expense. The undertaking is con- 
nected with great expense. Who pays the expense ? 
He did it at my cost. The child loves its brothers and 
sisters. The brothers and sisters of the child. The 
presence of the brothers and sisters of the boy. Come 
with your brothers and sisters. 



£ie Manfieute fmb retdn Ta$ 23ermogen ber Staufleute* 

The merchants are wealthy. The fortune of the merchants. 

Zvcnmx Sie ben ^aufleuten ? Mermen <Sie bte $anflente ? 

Trust They to the merchants'? Know They the merchants'? 

£te 3tnmter(eute tragen ^otj. Sag SBerfjeng ber 3wmer* 

The carpenters carry wood. The tool of the carpen- 

knte. Sprecben (gte tntt ben S^werfeuten* & fnd)t bte 

ters. Speak They with to the carpenters. He seeks the 

3immerleute. £te £anptlente fmb jnng* £te ^}ferbe ber 

carpenters. The captains are young. The horses of the 

£aupt(eute. 3d) fcegegnete ben £anptletttem 3d) ad)te bte 

captains. I met to the captains. I esteem the 

£ctnpt(ente* 

captains. 

The merchants are wealthy. The fortune of the 
merchants. Do you trust the merchants ? Are you 
acquainted with the merchants ? The carpenters are 
carrying wood. The tool of the carpenters. Speak 
with the carpenters. He is looking for the carpenters, 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 45 

The captains are young. The horses of the captains. 
I met the captains. I esteem the captains. 



£te SSattfe fmb befegt ©it fapeu anf ben Sdnfem £te 

The benches are occupied. We sat on to the benches The 

?dnge ber Sdnfe. £te S3anfen Don Kcw^orf* £te ©efchdfte 

length of the benches. The banks of to New- York. The business 

ber aScmfetu ®ne tfon ben SBanfen. £te SCbercn lacfyten* 

of the banks. One of to the banks. The fools laughed. 

Qa$ Seneftmen ber Zboven. £aS gejtel ben gbcren* 

The conduct of the fools. That pleased to the fools. 

Sttetben ©te bte Ztycven. £ie Zboxe jmb eflren. 3Me 9itegef 

Avoid They the fools. The gates are open. The bolts 

ber ZtjcYe. (2te ftcmben fcor ben Zhcxew. 3mi SSdnbe be3 

of the gates. They stood before to the gates. Two volumes of the 

s H3erfe3, £er 3nbalt ber jroei 93dnbe* ©n Sffierf in jmet 

work. The contents of the two volumes. A work in to two 

33anbetu £te SBdnber fmb bitbfrf). £ie #ar6en ber SSanber* 

volumes. The ribbons are pretty. The colours of the ribbons. 

(Sin £mt mtt 25dnbern* jfoitfett ®fc bte Sdnber* £te Saben 

A bonnet with to ribbons. Buy They the ribbons. The shutters 

fmb jer6rod)etu Grmcr ber*?abeiu &n genjter mtt Zaben. 

are broken. One of the shutters. A window with to shutters. 

(gin genjier obne ?aben* £>ie ?dben finb ojfeiu j)te 3?^ 

A window without shutters. The shops are open. The number 

ber ?dberu £>te SSerfaufer tft ben gdbeiu ©eben Ste in bte 

of the shops. The sellers in to the shops. Go They into the 

2dben* 

shops. 

The benches are occupied. We sat on the benches. 
The length of the benches. The banks of New- York. 
The business of the banks. One of the banks. The 
fools laughed. The conduct of the fools. Avoid the 
fools. The gates are open. The bolts of the gates. 
They were standing before the gates. Two volumes of 
the work. The contents of the two volumes. A work 
in two volumes. The ribbons are pretty. The colours 
of the ribbons. A bonnet with ribbons. Buy the 
ribbons. The shutters are broken. One of the shutters. 
A window with shutters. A window without shutters. 
The shops are open. The number of the shops. The 
sellers in the shops. Go into the shops. 



46 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

PROPER NAMES. 

^ Proper names preceded by ber, bte, ba$, or em, erne, 
em are not inflected. 





FEMININE. 




Singular* 


Nom. 
Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 


£te Suite, Julia. 
Ser Suite, of Julia. 
Ser Suite, to Julia, 
Sie Suite, Julia. 




MASCULINE. 




Singular. 


Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 

Ace. 


Ser Mart, Charles, 
Xe€ Sari, of Charles. 
Sent $ctrl, to Charles. 
Sen kail, Charles. 



Proper names not preceded by ber, bte, ba$, or em, 
dne, em are inflected. But the genitive is the only 
case in which a change takes place. 

In the gen. case, names of any gender generally take 
€ or *$♦ Only masculine names ending in g, frf), £, x, 
and j, and feminine names ending in e, take en3 ; as, 

FEMININE. 

Singular, 

Nom. (SftfabetB, Elizabeth, 

Gen. (£ltfabetb% of Elizabeth. 

Dat. ©tfabetb, to Elizabeth. 

Ace. glifabetfy, Elizabeth. 

MASCULINE. 

Singular. 
Nom. jtarl, Charles. 



Gen. $arP3, of Charles, 
Dat. $arf, to Charles. 
Ace. Siavl, Charles. 



EASY LESSORS IN GERMAN. 47 

FEMININE. 

Singular. 
Nom. Julie, Julia, 

Gen. SifKeitg, of Julia, 
Dat. gillie, to Julia, 
Ace. Ju(te / Julia, 

MASCULINE. 

Singular. 
Nom. 5 rait 5/ Francis, 

Gen. $r aliens, of Francis, 
Dat. ^ranj, to Francis, 
Ace, ftranj, Francis, 



EXERCISES. 

Subttrig ijl jfeifftg* ©ertraub tfr tntfrfdv ftrtebrich ti! 

Lewis is industrious. Gertrude is handsome. Frederick is 

trdge* Diacbel ffngt* ^ariarretret. ?ctt*ennabct, gran§ 

lazy. Rachel sings. Charles works. Little Charlotte sews. Francis 

Krpfc Caroline tanjt -Sitotob roetnt SJtargarettya fricfr* 

reads. Caroline dances. Adolphus weeps. Margaret embroiders. 

gerbtnanb fptett Sctbie fdbreibt* gabttrig'g Climate tfr 

Ferdinand plays. Sophia writes. Lewis' lesson is 

rtefcttg. grtebrtcb^ SBater tfr franff $ratt|en3 53ttdb tfr 

correct. Frederick's father is sick. Francis' book is 

bu&fcK $arPg Sdfwefrer tft jung. CUbctbab^ Sanfrmtttb, 

pretty. Charles'" sister is young. Adelaide's gentleness. 

Sotrcfceitg ©ebittb. jtarclmene SSefcfyetben&eit. Sbrifria* 

Little Charlotte's patience. Caroline's modesty. Christi- 

nettg Stlugbeit. ^etetien^ g;fetf£ ©opfyteit^ Slufmerffamfetr- 

ana's prudence. Helena's industrr. Sophia's attention. 

granjtsfa'g JBrtef, Sor&ara'g -19unfa\ ©t(be(mmen£ 

Frances' letter. Barbara's wish. V$ ilhelmina's 

geftenbett Crdfabetb 1 ^ ©efefcitfttcfrfett* £ag Setrageti beg 

beauty. Elizabeth's skill. The conduct of the 

gitbtmg* ?ttbtt>tg 5 g £atet\ >yriebridb'g Scfwefrer* £te 

Lewis. Lewis' father. Frederick's sister. The 

SERutter beg ^nebneb, ^rar^etui Sftutf), ^Der Sbarafter 

mother of the Frederick. Francis' courage. The character 

beg gfamg* £er ©tolg beg mun^ ijyfcmjtsfa gefdllr ba3 

or the Francis. The pride of the Francis. To Frances pleases the 

-3?utfu Xa§ Meit gefofit ber fflcargaretbe, Sdrl febmetcbert 

book: The dress pleases to the Margaret. Charles Matters 



48 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Suite. gxanj brutgt ber ®op()te etnen <&tnhl <&$)phie 

to Julia. Francis brings to the Sophia a chair. Sophia 

gfetdjt ber Qltfabetb. Sbuarb begegnete ber Slmafte* ^btttpp 

resembles to the Elizabeth. Edward met to the Amelia. Philip 

begegnete bem Siavl 21uguft gtbt bem grattj unb ber Caroline 

met to the Charles. Augustus gives to the Francis and to the Caroline 

gebern. pultpp retcbt ber Suite Sepbten3 £ut Siavl 

pens. Philip reaches to the Julia Sophia's bonnet. Charles 

ferntt Sopiue unb ©tlbelmme* Sofepb ruft grcmj unb 

knows Sophia and Wilhelmina. Joseph calls Francis and 

Caroline* SPiarte liebt Settcbeu. Slnton ruft ben Sbuarb* 

Caroline. Maria loves little Charlotte. Anthony calls the Edward. 

Lewis is industrious. Gertrude is handsome. 
Frederick is lazy. Rachel is singing. Charles is work- 
ing. Little Charlotte is sewing. Francis is reading 
Caroline is dancing. Adolphus is weeping. Margaret 
is embroidering. Ferdinand is playing. Sophia is 
writing. Lewis' lesson is correct. Frederick's father 
is sick. Francis' book is pretty. Charles' sister is 
young. Adelaide's gentleness. Little Charlotte's pa- 
tience. Caroline's modesty. Christiana's prudence. 
Helena's industry. Sophia's attention. Frances' let- 
ter. Barbara's wish. Wilhelmina's beauty. Eliza- 
beth's skill. The conduct of Lewis. Lewis' father. 
Frederick's sister. The mother of Frederick. Fran- 
cis' courage. Francis' character. The pride of Fran- 
cis. Frances likes the book. Margaret likes the 
dress. Charles flatters Julia. Francis is bringing a 
chair for Sophia. Sophia resembles Elizabeth. Ed- 
ward met Amelia. Philip met Charles. Augustus 
gives to Francis and Caroline some pens. Philip pre- 
sents to Julia Sophia's bonnet. Charles is acquainted 
with Sophia and Wilhelmina. Joseph is calling Fran- 
cis and Caroline. Maria loves little Charlotte. Anthony 
is calling Edward. 



FAMILY NAMES. 

fterr gutter* $tan Seder, grdulem SBBolf* ^refeffor 

Mr. M. Mrs. B. 3Iiss W. Professor 

©cctijer* Softer Scbmtbt* £)ie tfinber be3 £errtt 9#- 

M. ' Dr. S. The children of the " Mr. M. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 49 

T<i$ ?cmbbau$ ber gran SaDtb* grtebrtrf) Den Scfyttfer'S 

The country-house of the Mrs. D. Frederick Von Schiller's 

SBerfe, ^aifer 9iapoteott*$ ?e6etu Sohatm ©eerg Sramt'S 

works. Emperor Napoleon's life. John George Braun's 

3ucferffefcereu grtebrtdf) SKartm 2BeIfd)'g SBterbrauereu 

sugar-house. Frederick Martin W.'s brewery. 

Saspar Michael gmPS ©enwrjteben; £ie gamilte SOBurriu 

Caspar Michael F.'s grocery-store. The family W. 

Mr. Miller. Mrs.- Becker. Miss Wolf. Professor 
Mayer. Dr. Schmidt. The children of Mr. M. The 
country-house of Mrs. D. Frederick Von Schiller's 
works. The life of the Emperor Napoleon. John 
George Brown's sugar-house. Frederick Martin 
Welsh's brewery. Caspar Michael Fink's grocery- 
store. The family of Worm. 



NAMES OF COUNTRIES, CITIES, PLACES, AND RIVERS. 

Only the genitive case is indicated by the termination 
& 5 the other cases are like the nominative. Instead of 
the genitive case, the preposition Den, which governs the 
dative, is often used, especially with those names which 
end in e, fd), and 3, and therefore cannot be inflected in 
the genitive. 

9?eto^erf 3 ftanbeL S3oiIen'S 3?eid>tl)irau ^btfabefpbia'3 

New-York's commerce. Boston's wealth. Philadelphia's 

Umgebungeiu ?enbon'3 ©rope, £ie SSelWmenge Den ?j}arfe* 

environs. London's extent. The population of Paris. 

2Me jlentgm Don Gnigfanb* ?5te ?age Den S3eften* £er 

The Queen of England. The location of Boston. The 

Sytfen wn 3tett)^orf; tyennfyli*amtn r $ $oMenbergn>erfe* 

port of New- York. Pennsylvania's coal-mines. 

33te SDftutbmtg be3 Sflputd. 2Me Ufer be3 93ttfilf}Tppt^g(uffe^. 

The mouth of the Rhine. The banks of the Mississippi River. 

^ranffurt am 9D?atm Dteifert ©te nadj £entfd)(anb? @r 

Frankfort oh to the Main. Travel They after to Germany 1 He 

femmt Den granfretdn dv rear in (rngfanb* Ste famen 

comes from to France. He was in to England. They came 

von SRugfcnb* 3d) mar in ^>arR Sinb ©te m gonbott 

from to Russia. I was in to Paris. Are They in to London 

gemefen ? SBBrr reif ten Den SESten nacf) -^rag, Den SSarfdjau 

been 1 We travelled from to Vienna after to Prague, from to Warsaw 

3 



50 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



nacf) speter^fcurg, bon 9iett>*2Jorf narf) spfytfabefyfyia, Don 

after to Petersburgh, from to N. Y. after to P., from 

23ojbn nadj fyalifav. 

to B. after to H. 

New-York's commerce. Boston's wealth. Phila- 
delphia's environs. London's extent. The population 
of Paris. The Queen of England. The situation of 
Boston. The port of New-York. Pennsylvania's 
coal-mines. The mouth of the Rhine. The banks of 
the Mississippi. Frankfort on the Main. Do you 
travel to Germany ? He comes from France. He was 
in England. They came from Russia. I was in Paris. 
Have you been in London ? We travelled from Vienna 
to Prague, from Warsaw to Petersburgh, from New- 
York to Philadelphia, from Boston to Halifax. 







PRONOUNS. 






PERSONAL PRONOUNS, 








Singular. 


Nom. 


34 


bn, 


er> fie, ti, 




h 


thou, 


he, she, it. 


Gen. 


meuter, 


bemer, 


femer, threr, femer or beffen, 




of me, 


of thee, 


of him, of her, of it. 


DAT. 


mir. 


btt> 


ibm, tbr, ibm or bemfeftetr* 




to me ? 


to thee, to him, to her, to it. 


Acc. 


mid), 


feidj. 


ibtt, fie, e3 or baffelbe, 




me, 


thee, 


him, her, it. 
PIuraL 


Nom. 


Sir, 


ifyr, 


(Ste (©), fie (f) or biefef&ett, 




we, 


you, 


you, they. 


Gen. 


smfer, 


eaer, 


SftfW (3)/ ty*« (t) or brrfef6ett, 




of us, 


of you 


, of you, of them. 


Dat. 


Ung, 


end), 


Sfyttm (3)/ tf)nett (i) or fcettfetteit, 




to us, 


to you, 


, to you, to them. 


Acc. 


mt$, 


end), 


®ie (©), fie (f) or biefel&ett, 




us, 


you, 


you, them. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 51 

3rf) bin gufrtefcetu 25it bift gitttg. Qx ift fleigtg* ®ie xfl 

I am content. Thou art kind. He is industrious. She is 

jung. S3 tft bubfetn Sd) lefc, 25« baft fRpfyt. @r fcfyretbt 

young. It is pretty. I read. Thou hast right. He writes, 

©ie j&tgfc Se gefctUt mix. <2ie fcergag meiner* Crr gebacbte 

She sings. It pleases to me. She forgot of me. He thought 

bemet\ Sie tft femer ttttrbtg* dx Hi ibxex tmtrbig, 3* bin 

of thee. She is of him worthy. He is of her worthy. I am 

befien gettng* ©eben Ste mtr gefdUtgji mem S3ucft. Srf) 

of it certain. Give They to me most pleasingly my book. I 

gefre bar 3*tcfer. 2£ e ? ffW ^ m ?twa$ ? * Seiben ®ie ibr 

give to thee sugar. Who gives to him anything 1 Lend They to her 

emeu Dollar* Sie gift ibm (bem jvinbe) 32aijer* Bennett 

a dollar. She gives to it (to the child) water. Know 

gie mid)? 3d) ferae fctd). Xex fixate femtt ibn* Scfj 

They me 1 I know thee. The boy knows him. I 

liebe fte* SKefcmen Sie eg. 22ir fnib fertig* Sfyr feib 

love her. Take They it. We are done. You are 

gefdllig* Sie (S) jmb gittig* Sie (f) jTnb fletgtg. ©cfyoueit 

obliging. They are kind. They are industrious. Spare 

gie uttfer. @r fdjcitte euet\ @t gebacftte 3brer* @r 

They of us. He spared of you. He thought of Them. He 

fpettete ibret\ Sljr 33efucb tji mtS attgenebnu Die Dame 

mocked of them. Their visit is to us agreeable. The lady 

tjpt end) baixtbav. 3cf) tin 3btten febr aerfcimteiu 3rf> 

is to you grateful. I am to Them very obliged. I 

fcegegttete ibrtem Der (Stallfnecht gab ibtten (ben -<pferfcen) 

met to them. The ostler gave to them (to the horses) 

£eu* 

hay. 

I am content. Thou art kind. He is industrious. 
She is young. It is pretty. I am reading. Thou art 
right. He is writing. She is singing. I like it. She 
forgot me. He remembered thee. She is worthy of 
him. He is worthy of her. I am certain of it. Give 
me my book, if you please. I give thee some sugar, 
Who gives him anything ? Lend her a dollar. She 
gives it (the child) some water. Do you know me ? 
I know thee. The boy knows him, I love her. Take 
it. We are done. You are obliging. You are kind. 
They are industrious. Spare us. He spared you. He 
remembered you. He mocked at them. Your visit is 
agreeable to us. The lady is thankful to you. I am 



52 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

very much obliged to you. I met them. The ostler 
gave them (the horses) some hay. 



POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut. 




mm 


metne, 


mem, 


my. 


£em, 


betne, 


betn, 


thy. 


©em, 


feme, 


fem, 


his, its, 


3&r, 


tyre, 


tf)r, 


her. 


ilnfer, 


mtfere, 


unfer, 


our. 


@uer, 


enre, 


ener, 


your. 


3f)r, 


Sire, 


3f>r, 


your. 



Sfyr, tyre, it>r, their. 

DECLENSION OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 

Singular. 





Masc, 


Fem. 


Neut. 




Nom. 


SKein, 


metne, 


mem, 


my 


Gen. 


3Dcemeg, 


memer, 


nteme3, 


of my. 


Dat. 


9Memem, 


memer, 


metnem, 


to my. 


Ace. 


SKeinen, , 


metne, 


ntetn, 


my. 



Plural. 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. ?0?etne, my. 
Gen. Reiner, of my. 
Dat. SKetnen, to my. 
Ace. Sfteute, my. 

It will be observed that the declension of mem cor- 
responds to that of either the definite or indefinite arti- 
cle ; the terminations being, 

Singular. 

1. e3, in the genitive, masculine and neuter ; like eme3, 
be3. 

2. em, in the dative, masculine and neuter ; like ernem, 
bem. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 53 

3. en, in the accusative, masculine ; like einen, ben. 

4. er, in the genitive and dative, feminine ; like einer, 
ber* 

5. The accusative, feminine and neuter, being the re- 
spective nominatives ; like erne and em, bte, ba$. 

Plural. 

1. e, in the nominative and accusative 5 like bie* 

2. er, in the genitive ; like ben 

3. en, in the dative ; like ben. 

The rest of the above pronouns are declined in the 
same manner. 

SOZetn Sater. SKcme Gutter. 5>Jem $mb* £em SSruber, 

My father. My mother. My child. Thy brother, 

Seine @rf)tt>ef?er* £ein 35ncfy* Setn ©ofyn* <2eme £orf)* 

Thy sister. Thy book. His son. His daugh- 

ter* ©em spferb. 3fyr (&emai)l Sfyre Xante. 2#r £er$* 

ter. His horse. Her husband. Her aunt. Her heart. 

Unfer grennb* Unfre grennbim Unfer $2au$. Qnex iefy 

Our friend. Our friend. Our house. Your teach- 

rer* @nre SRacfyfcaruu duct ftelb. Sfyr (3) £nnb* Sfyre (3) 

er. Your neighbour. Your field. Your dog. Your 

®a&. S^r (3) @d)af. 3*>r (i) SOBagett. 3l)re (i) ©tube. 

cat. Your sheep. Their carriage. Their room. 

Sbr (t) £ud). 

Their cloth. 

My father. My mother. My child. Thy brother. 
Thy sister. Thy book. His son. His daughter. His 
horse. Her husband. Her aunt. Her heart. Our 
(male) friend. Our (female) friend. Our house. Your 
teacher. Your (female) neighbour. Your field. Your 
dog. Your cat. Your sheep. Their carriage. Their 
room. Their cloth. 



£a£ Sitter tnemeg Setters 2>te Saxtli&teit metner WluU 

The age of my father. The tenderness of my mo- 

ter. £>te $Ingl)eit weine3 $mbe^ £a3 23ncfy beme$ 33m* 

ther. The prudes gt my child. The book of thy bro- 



54 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

berg* Ser ©efattg bettter ©cfytoefter* Sag $(etb beuteg 

ther. The song of thy sister. The dress of thy 

9!#abd)eng* Sag S3etragen fetneg ©ofytteg* Ste (grjtefymtg 

girl. The conduct of his son. The education 

fetner £od)ter* Sag SOBtefyern fetneg ^Pferbeg* Ste SJJJetmtttg 

of his daughter. The neighing of his horse. The opinion 

tfyreg ©emafyfg* Sag 23ermogett tfyrer Xante. Ste garbe 

of her husband. The fortune of her aunt. The colour 

ifyreg ^leibeg. Ste (Styre itttfreg gretmbeg* Sie ?tebeng* 

of her dress. The honour of our friend. The amiable- 

ttntrbtgfett wtfrer gremtbtm Ste ?age unfreg £>aufeg* 

ness of our (female) friend. The location of our house. 

Ste ®ebulb eureg £efyrerg* Ste ©efdKtgfett eurer 9?ad)* 

The patience of your teacher. The complaisance of your (female) 

&arm* Ste grudjtbarfett eureg gefoeg* Sag SSeKett 3t)reg 

neighbour. The fertility of your field. The barking of Their 

£imbeg. Sag gett 3f>m Ma&> Ste ffiolfe 3breg ©djafeg* 

dog. The skin of Their cat. The wool of Their sheep. 

Ser spretg tfyreg SOBagettg* Ste genfter tfyrer <5tube. Ste 

The price of their carriage. The windows of their room. The 

gar&e tfyreg gttdjeg; 

colour of their cloth. 

The age of my father. The tenderness of my mo- 
ther. The prudence of my child. The book of thy 
brother. The song of thy sister. The dress of thy 
girl. The conduct of his son. The education of his 
daughter. The neighing of his horse. The opinion of 
her husband. The fortune of her aunt. The colour of 
her dress. The honour of our friend. The amiable- 
ness of our (female) friend. The location of our house. 
The patience of your teacher. The complaisance of 
your (female) neighbour. The fertility of your field. 
The barking of your dog. The skin of your cat. The 
wool of your sheep. The price of their carriage. The 
windows of their room. The colour of their cloth. 



©predjen ©te mit memem 23ater* 3d) gefyordje memer 

Speak They with to my father. I obey to my 

gutter* 3d) gebe memem $mbe S3rob> Su btft bemern 

mother. I give to my child bread. Thou art to thy 

SSruber treu. 3d) fcegegnete bettter ©djmefter* Ser $nabe 

brother faithful. I met to thy sister. The boy 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 55 

fprtcftt mit beinem Sttafcchen* @r ging mit feinem ©obne 

speaks with to thy girl- He "went with to his son 

fpajteren. @r faiifte fetner £ecbter emeu £uh @r gab femem 

to walk. He bought to his daughter a hat. He gave to his 

spferbe Safer. £ie gran fpricbt mit ibrem 9tad)6ar* ©cmc 

horse oats. The woman speaks with to her neighbour. His 

Zod)tev tt>obnt bet ibrer Xante, ©ie ijl in ibrem gimmev. 

daughter lives at to her aunt. She is in to her room. 

2Qir macfyen nnferm grennbe etnen 23efndb* Sffiir geben gu 

We make to our friend a visit. We go to 

unfrer @ro£ mntter* £G3er jiefit Dor unferm ijaufe ? 

to our grandmother. Who stands before to our house 1 

©ebordjet enrem Sebrer* Stenet enrer ytadjbarin. 3d) 

Obey to your teacher. Serve to your (female) neighbour. I 

tt>ar in enrent 3inimer. ©eben ©ie 3brem ftnnbe SBBaffer. 

was in to your room. Give They to Their dog water. 

3br ^nnb'fn^t mit %hvev $a£e* ©eben ©ie 3brem ©djafe 

Their dog eats with to Their cat. Give They to Their sheep 

©al$ ? 20er ff£t in ibrem SBBagen ? ©inb fie in ibrer 

salt ] Who sits in to their carriage 1 Are they in to their 

©tnbe ? (i$ ift ein 2cd) in ibrem £nd)e* 

room 1 It is a hole in to their cloth. 

Speak with my father. I obey my mother. I give 
my child bread. Thou art faithful to thy brother. I 
met thy sister. The boy speaks with thy child. He 
took a walk with his son. He bought his daughter a 
bonnet. He gave his horse some oats. The woman 
speaks to her neighbour. His daughter lives with her 
aunt. She is in her room. We pay a visit to our 
friend. We are going to our grand-mother's. Who is 
standing before our house ? Obey your teacher. Oblige 
your neighbour. I was in your room. Give your dog 
some water. Your dog is eating with your cat. Do 
you give your sheep some salt ? Who is sitting in their 
carriage ? Are they in their room ? There is a hole 
in their cloth. 



3d) ebre memett SBater* 3d) licit metne 9D?ntter* 3d) 

I honour mv father. I love my mother. I 

beftrafe mein SLixib. 3d) ad)te beinen 23rnber* SBarum 

punish my child. I esteem thy brother. Why 



56 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

tabeft cr beine ©df)tt>ef?er ? $ennt fte bein 9D?dbrf)en ? 3cf) 

blames he thy sister 1 Knows she thy girl 1 I 

xmterricfyte feinen ©ofyn* ?ieben ©ie feine £cd)ter? @r 

instruct his son. Love They his daughter! He 

fcerfcwft fern $ferb* $ennen ©ie tfyren ©entail ? ©ie he* 

sells his horse. Know They her husband 1 She visit. 

fudf)te tbre Xante. 5Hufen ©ie unfern greunb* 253ir fcfya^en 

ed her aunt. Call They our friend. We esteem 

mtfre greunbim 2Btr ttertafien unfer S>au$. S ra 9 et euren 

our (f.) friend. We leave our house. Ask your 

?ef)rer* ©ritfjet enre 5Ttadh6arm. ^ftitget euer getb* Sffiarum 

teacher. Salute your (f.) neighbour. Till your field. Why 

fcf)(agen ©ie ^tjvcn £unb ? Ser £nnb bei^t 3ftre $a£e* 

beat They Their dog! The dog bites Their cat. 

Saffcn ©ie 3^r ©cfyaf fcfyeren ? (2afifen ©ie fcfyeren ?) 

Let They Their sheep to fleece 1 (Do They cause to be fleeced!) 

©teltefen t^ren SBctgen an^befterm (©ie tiefSen aitgbeffertu) 

They let their carriage to repair. (They caused to be repaired.) 

©ie fefyren ifyre ©tu6e au$* ©ie jerfcfyneiben tfyr £ucf)* 

They sweep their room out. They cut their cloth. 

I honour my father. I love my mother. I punisj 
my child. I esteem thy brother. Why does he blame 
your sister ? Does she know thy child ? I instruct his 
son. He sells his horse. Do you know her husband ? 
She called upon her aunt. Call our friend. We esteem 
our (f.) friend. We leave our house. Ask your teach- 
er. Salute your (f.) neighbour. Till your field. Why 
do you strike your dog? The dog bites your cat. 
Have your sheep fleeced. They had their carriage 
repaired. They sweep their room. They cut their 
cloth. 



QWeute F SBritber* Wlem ©d)tt>ej?enu 9D?eine $mber* 

My brothers. My sisters. My children. 

(Tetne ©ofyne* ©erne Zbd)tev. Seine *pferbe. Seine 

} s sons. His daughters. Thy horses. Thy 

i rennbe* Sfyre greunbinnem 3fyre ©pifeem Unfere ftctit* 

i ends. Her (f.) friends. Her laces. Our hou- 

f tv Unfre 9ictrf)barm dure £unbe. (£nre ©anfe. Sbre 

s s. Our neighbours. Your dogs. Your geese. Their 

i feiber* 3fy*e %itnmzt. 3bre (i) 23M)er* %bve (i) SSogeL 

clothes. Their rooms. Their books. Their birds. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 57 

£ne ©efetffcfyxft metner gremtbe* £er ?ebrer beiner gcfyfte* 

The company of my friends. The teacher of thy sis- 

ftertt £er 2Bert() feiner §dnfer* @te frf)dntt ffcf) ibrer 

ters. The value of his houses. She shames herself of her 

gebfer. Die 3qljt unfrer SSefcmnten* £er SSetrag Sbrer 

faults. The number of our acquaintances. The amount of Their 

tyiufyahm. Srf) bin mit meinen Scfyitfern jnfrieben* 3d) 

expenses. I am with to my pupils content. I 

biene memen grennbinnen* Ser Stttaht brcbete beinen 

serve to my (f.) friends. The boy threatened to thy 

SSriibent. @r txaut feinen SSebtcttten* Sie bcmfte ibren 

brothers. He trusts to his servants. She thanked to her 

28oMtf)aterm SfSir belfen nnfern 9Sertt>anbtetu ©eborcfyet 

benefactors. We help to our relations. Obey 

enren ©tern* Sergeben @ie Sbren geinben ? Die 9ftabtf)en 

to your parents. Forgive They to Their enemies 1 The girls 

<Tnb bet ibren grennbinnem 23ringen Sie meine 3^tnngen ? 

are at to their (f.) friends. Bring They my newspapers 1 

23rcmd)en Sie meine gebern ? gfttterfi Xn beine SSogel ? 

Want They my pens 1 Feedest Thou thy birds 1 

3etge mir beine fBfantetu @r bejablt feine Scbnlben. ©ie 

Show to me thy flowers. He pays his debts. She 

tt>cifd)t ibre ^inber. Sffiir n>e£en nnfre SCJtefler. 2Gir fyaben 

washes her children. We whet our knives. We have 

enre ©emdfbe gefebem Die $inber (ernen ibre 2(nf* 

your portraits seen. The children learn their les- 

gaben* 



My brothers. My sisters. My children. His sons. 
His daughters. Thy horses. Thy friends. Her (f.) 
friends. Her laces. Our houses. Our neighbours. 
Your dogs. Your geese. Your clothes. Your rooms. 
Their books. Their birds. The company of my friends. 
The teacher of thy sisters. The value of his houses. 
She is ashamed of her faults. The number of our ac- 
quaintances. The amount of your expenses. I am 
satisfied with my pupils. I serve my (f.) friends. The 
boy threatened thy brothers. He trusts his servants. 
She thanked her benefactors. We help our relations. 
Obey your parents. Do you forgive your enemies ? 
The girls are with their friends. Do you bring my 
newspapers ? Do you want my pens ? Dost thou feed 
thy birds ? Show me thy flowers. He pays his debts. 
3* 



58 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



She washes her children, 
have seen your portraits, 
their lessons. 



We whet our knives. We 
The children are learning 



Masculine. 



SWemer or 
ber metmge, 

Seiner or 
ber betmge, 

(Seiner or 
ber fetmge, 

Sfyrer or 
ber tbrtge, 

Unferer or 
ber unfrtge, 

Surer or 
ber eurtge, 

3ftrer or 
ber Sfyrtge, 

3ftrer or 
ber tfyrtge, 



Feminine, 

meme or 
bte metmge, 

beme or 
bte betmge, 
feme or 
bte fetmge, 

tftre or 
bte tfmge, 

unfere or 
bte unfrtge, 

eure or 
bte eurtge, 

3&re or 
bte Sfyrtge, 

tftre or 
bte tfyrtge, 



Neuter. 

metneg or 
ba^ metmge, 

betneg or 
ba$ betmge, 

fetneg or 
bag fetmge, 

tfyreS or 

bag tfyrtge, 

unfereg or 
bag unfrtge, 

eureg or 
bag eurtge, 

3breg or 
bag Sfyrtge, 

tbreg or 
bag tfyrtge, 



DECLENSION. 



Masc. 

Nom. 5Wetncr, 

Gen. ?Q?etneg, 

Dat. gjjemem, 

Ace. SDJeinen, 



Neut. 

metneg, 
metneg, 
metnem, 
metneg, 



Singular. 

Fern. 

meme, 
meiner, 
metner, 
meme, 

Plural. 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. 9)?eme, mine. 

Gen. Reiner, of mine. 

Dat. 9Ketnen,to mine. 

Ace. 9){etne, mine. 



mine. 

thine. 

his, its. 

hers. 

ours. 

yours. 

yours. 

theirs. 



mine, 
of mine, 
to mine. 

mine. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 59 

Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
the definite article. Seiner, [enter, ibrer, &c., are de- 
clined in the same manner. 

Singular. 

Masc. Fern. Neut. 



Nom 

Gen 



Ser meintge, bie meinige, ba$ meinige, mine. 

£e£ meinigen, bermeinigen, be3 meinigen, of mine. 

Dat. £em meinigen, bermeinigen, bem metnigen, to mine. 

Ace. Sen metnigen, bie meinige, ba$ meinige, mine. 

Plural. 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. Ste meinigen, mine. 
Gen. Ser meinigen, of mine. 
Dat. Sen metnigen, to mine. 
Ace. Ste meinigen, mine. 

Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
adjectives preceded by the definite article. See declen- 
sion of adjectives. £er beinige, ber fetrnge, ber tfyrige, 
&c, are declined in the same manner. 

2f)t £cf)£ unb meiner (ber metntge). 3bre Rub unb 

Their ox and mine (the mine). Their cow and 

meine (bie meinige)* Sbr $)ferb unb meine£ (ba$ meinige)* 

mine (the mine). Their horse and mine (the mine). 

Sftettt ftunb unb beiner (ber beinige)* 9tteine 3iege unb beine 

My dog and thine (the thine). My goat and thine 

(bie beinige). tylein Scfyaf unb beineg (ba$ beinige). Setn 

(the thine). My sheep and thine (the thine). Thy 

SSogef ober fetner (ber feintge) ? Seine @an£ ober feine (bie 

bird or his (the his) 1 Thy goose or his (the 

feintge) ? £em S?\ibn ober feitte^ (ba3 feintge) ? &cin pt* 

his) 1 Thy chicken or his (the his) 1 His popin- 

pagei ober ibrer (ber tfyrige) ? Seine SftacfjtigaK ober ibre 

jay or hers (the hers) 1 His nightingale or hers 

(bie tbrtge) ? getn fterj ober ibre3 (ba3 ibrige) ? 3f)r SGBatb 

(the hers) 1 His heart or hers (the hers) 1 Their forest 

ober unferer (ber unfrige). Sfyre SBiefe unb unfere (bie 

or ouri (the ours). Their meadow and ours (the 

unfrige)* SJjr %db unb unfere^ (ba$ unfrige)* Uufer ZaUrf 

ours). Their field and ours Uhe ours), Our tobacco 



60 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

unb eaerer (ber eurige)* llnfere SScmmwotte mtb eure (bte 

and yours (the yours). Our cotton and yours (the 

earige)* Unfer $ot$ nnb eureg (bag eurtge)* ttttfer Slrjt 

yours. Our wood and yours (the yours). Our physician 

imb 3fyrer (ber Sfyrtge)* Unfere ©emeinbe imb 3bre (bie 

and Theirs (the Theirs). Our congregation and Theirs (the 

Sbrtge). Unfer ?<mb unb Sbreg (bag 3brige)* @uer SSrunnen 

Theirs). Our country and Theirs (the Theirs). Your well 

imb tfyrer (ber ifyrtge). Seme ©tube unb bte ibrtge (tyre), 

and theirs (the theirs). His room and the theirs (theirs). 

©em JjcmS unb xf>re^ (bag ibrtge). 

His house and theirs (the theirs). 

Your ox and mine. Your cow and mine. Your 
horse and mine. My dog and thine. My goat and 
thine. My sheep and thine. Thy bird or his ? Thy 
goose or his ? Thy chicken or his ? His popinjay or 
hers ? His nightingale or hers ? His heart or hers ? 
Your forest or ours ? Your meadow and ours. Your 
field and ours. Our tobacco and yours. Our cotton 
and yours. Our wood and yours. Our physician and 
yours. Our congregation and yours. Our country and 
yours. Your well and theirs. His room and theirs. 
His house and theirs. 



SSebienen ©te fed) 3breg fojfetg cber memeg (beg met* 

Serve They themselves of Their spoon or of mine (of the 

ntgen) ? ©mb ©te 3breg $?efferg eber meineg (be3 meimgen) 

mine) 1 Are They of Their knife or of mine (of the mine) 

benothigt ? SSebitrfen ©ie Sbrer ©cbere ober metner (ber 

needed 1 Need They of Their scissors or of mine (of the 

meimgen) ? ©ebacfyte er memeg Sruberg ober 3breg (beg 

mine) 1 Thought he of my brother or of Theirs (of the 

3t)rigen)? SSebarf er meineg D?atbeg ober 3breg (beg 

Theirs)'? Needs he of my advice or of Theirs (of the 

3brtgen) ? ©pottet er meiner ©djwejter ober 3brer (ber 

Theirs) 1 Mocks he of my sister or of Theirs (of the 

Sbrtgen) ? ($v ffionte Sbrer greunbin imb imferer (ber 

Theirs) 1 He spared of Their (f.) friend and of ours (of the 

nnfrtgen)* 3d) erutnere mid) femeg S3efud)eg nnb tbreg (beg 

ours). I remember myself of his visit and of hers (of the 

tbrtgen)* 3d) bin tbreg SSetfaftg nnb femeg (beg fetntgen) 

hers) , I am of her approval and of his (of the his) 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 61 

gettn£. ©eiett ©te tbreg £abefg uub femes (be$ femtgen) 

certain. Be They of her censure and of his (of the his) 

geroarttg* 3cf) bin feineS SSefucfyeS unb ibre^ (beS ifyrtgen) 

aware. I am of his visit and of hers (of the hers) 

mitbe. (gte ifl euereS jftagenS unb mtfereg (beg unfrtgen) 

tired. She is of your complaining and of ours (of the ours) 

miibe* ©ie tji eureS SertrauenS unb beg unfrtgen (nnfereS) 

tired. She is of your confidence and of the ours (of ours) 

ttuirbtg* 

worthy. 

Do you make use of your spoon or mine ? Are you 
in want of my knife or yours? Do you want your 
scissors or mine ? Did he remember my brother or 
yours ? Does he want my advice or yours ? Does he 
mock at my sister or at yours? He spared your (f) 
friend and ours. I recollect his visit and hers. I am 
certain of her approval and his. Be aware of her cen- 
sure and his. I am tired of his visit and hers. She is 
tired of your complaints and ours. She is worthy of 
your confidence and ours. 



dv hat mit 3brem 23ater imb bem metntgen (metnem) 

He has with to Their father and to the mine (to mine) 

gefprccfyen* £er 23efud) 3breS greunbeS ift^bxev (£d)tt>efter 

spoken. The visit of Their friend is to Their sister 

imb ber metntgen (meuter) angenebm* Xa$ 3D?abcf)en n>ar 

and to the mine (to mine) agreeable. The girl was 

meuter SDMter imb ber 3brtgen Q>hxex) bebuifltdfj* %eixex 

to|my mother and to the Theirs (to Theirs) helpful. That 

&err ifl unferm 2Sater imb bem eurtgen (eurem) @elb frfjulbtg* 

gentleman is to our father and to the yours (to yours) money owing. 

35te £ame empftebft fid) friitem 33rttber imb bem tbrtgeu 

The lady recommends herself to his brother and to the hers 

(tbrem). 3d) tt>ar in fetnem Simmer imb in tern tbrtgeu 

(to hers). I was in to his room and in to the hers 

(tbrem)* 3d) fprarf) mxt tbrer Gutter itnb ber femtgen (femer). 

(to hers). I spoke with to her mother and to the his (to his). 

Ser Statffnecfyt gab unferm -yferbe itnb bem eurtgen £eu* 

The ostler gare to our horse and to the yours hay. 

£er ?ebrer roar fercebl mit tbrer Slufgabe aU and) mxt ber 

The teacher was so well with to her lesson as also with to the 

betntgen (betner) jufrtebetu 

thine (to thine) satisfied, 



62 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

He has spoken to your father and mine. The visit 
of your friend is agreeable to your sister and mine. 
The girl was useful to my mother and yours. That 
gentleman owes some money to our father and yours. 
The lady gives her respects to his brother and hers. I 
was in his room and hers. I spoke to her mother and 
his. The ostler gave some hay to our horse and 
yours. The teacher was pleased both with her lesson 
and thine. 



2)er Secret untemcfytet Sfyren ©ofyn unb memen {ben 

The teacher instructs Their son and mine (the 

memtgen) unb %t)ve £cdf)ter unb bte metmge (metne). dv 

mine) and Their daughter and the mine (mine). He 

loit Sfyr $mb unb ba$ metmge (meme^)* Siennt er tfyrett 

praises Their child and the mine (mine). Knows he her 

33raber imb ben betntgen (betuen) ? jtarl begtextet beine 

brother and the thine (thine) 1 Charles accompanies thy 

©cfywefter imb bte metmge (rneme). 3d) bttttge %\)xen SSor^ 

sister and the mine (mine). I approve Their pro- 

fcfyfctg unb ben femtgen (fetnen)* 2Btr fcebauern tfyren SSerfuft 

posal and the his (his). We regret her loss 

unb feinen (ben femtgen), 9Str fyctben feiinen Srtef unb ben 

and his (the his). We have his letter and the 

tfyrtgen (tfyren) erfyaftem @r fjat fern Sermogen unb ba$ 

hers (hers) received. He has his fortune and the 

tfyrtge (tt)re3) fcerfcfywenbeh ©enben ©te %t)ten SSebtenten 

hers (hers) squandered. Send They Their servant 

unb ben unfrtgen (tmfern)* ©te burcfyretfeten pftr aSatertcmb 

and the ours (ours). They through travelled Their fatherland 

unb ba$ unfrtge (unfere^)* ©te tyat %tyve grage unb bte 

and the ours (ours). She has Their question and the 

unfrtge (nnfere) heantvooxtet ^otyann brtngt memen £mt 

ours (ours) answered. < John brings my hat 

unb ben 3t)rigen Otyxen), metne SCBefte unb bte 3f)nge {%bxe). 

and the yours (yours), my waistcoat and the Theirs (Theirs). 

The teacher instructs your son and mine, and your 
daughter and mine. He praises your child and mine. 
Does he know your brother and mine ? Charles ac- 
companies thy sister and mine. 1 approve of your 
proposal and his. We regret her loss and his. We 
received his letter and hers. He has squandered his 
fortune and hers. Send your servant and ours. They 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 63 

travelled through your country and ours. She has 
answered your question and ours. John is bringing 
my hat and yours, my waistcoat and yours. 

Sfyre DdEjfen unb metne (bte metntgen). Sfyre $itl)e unb 

Their oxen and mine (the mine). Their cows and 

nteiue (tie metntgen). ©erne ^pferbe unb bte metntgen (metne). 

mine (the mine). His horses and the mine (mine). 

Seine ©cfyafe nnb bte fetntgen (feme), ©etne £unbe unb 

Thy sheep and the his (his). His dogs and 

bte betntgen (betne). ©etne SSogel unb bte tfyrtgen (tfyre). 

the thine (thine). His birds and the hers (hers). 

@ure £uf)tter unb bte unfrtgen (unfere). Unfere $e(ber unb 

Your chickens and the ours (ours). Our fields and 

eure (bte eurtgen). Unfere Sferjte unb bte Sfyrtgen pfyre). 

yours (the yours). Our physicians and the Theirs (Theirs). 

3fyre 23dnber unb bte tfyrtgen (tfyre). Sebienen ©te jlcfy 

Their ribbons and the hers (hers). Serve They themselves 

3t)ter 9Kej]er ober metner (ber metntgen) ? 3d) bebarf ber 

3f Their knives or of mine (of the mine) 1 I need of the 

Sfyrtgen (3brer) unb ber metntgen (memer)* ©ebacfyte ex 

Theirs (of Theirs) and of the mine (of mine). Remembered he 

fetner SSritber ober ber tbrtgen (tfjrer) ? <S$ottzt er unferer 

of his brothers or of the hers (of hers) 1 Mocks he of our 

gteunbe ober ber Sbrtgen (3ftrer) ? ©te fcfyonten unferer 

friends or of the Theirs (of Theirs) 1 They spared of our 

©d)tt>efiew unb ber Sfyrtgen (3brer)* ©te tfi fetner SSefucfte 

sisters and of the Theirs (of Theirs). She is of his |visits 

unb ber tfyrtgen (tfyrer) mitbe. ©te fprctd) mtt tf)m m 

and of the hers (of her) tired. She spoke with to him in 

©egenwart tfyrer ©tern unb ber fetntgen (fetner). ©em 

presence of her parents and of the his (of his). His 

95efucf) t$ 3bren ©cfytteftem unb ben metntgen (metnen) 

visit is to Their sisters and to the mine (to mine) 

nnffifommen. 3d) fprarf) mtt fetnen 23ritbern unb ben tfyrtgen 

welcomed I spoke with to his brothers and to the hers 

(tbren). £er ©taUfnecfyt gab unfern ^pferben unb euren (ben 

(tohers). The ostler gave to our horses and to yours (to the 

eurtgen) §eu. £er ?ebrer unterrtdjtet 3bre ©ofyne unb bte 

yours) hay. The teacher instructs Their sons and the 

metntgen (metne) nub 3fyre Zbdjtex unb bte metntgen (metne). 

mine (mine) and Their daughters and the mine (mine). 

dx loht ibxe Minbex unb bte fetntgen (feme). $ennen ©te 

He praises her children and the his (his). Know They 

feme 33ruber unb tbre (bte tfyrtgen) ? ©te fyat 3bre SSrtefe 

his brothers and hers (the hers) 1 She has Their letters 

unb bte unfrtgen (unfere) erfyalten. 

and the ours (ours) received » 



64 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



Your oxen and mine. Your cows and mine. His 
horses and mine. Thy sheep and his. His dogs and 
thine. His birds and hers. Your chickens and ours. 
Our fields and yours. Our physicians and yours. 
Your ribbons and hers. Do you make use of your 
knives or mine ? I want yours and mine. Did he re- 
member his brothers or hers ? Does he mock at our 
friends or yours ? They spared our sisters and yours. 
She is tired of his visits and hers. She spoke with him 
in presence of her parents and his. His visit is wel- 
come to your sisters and mine. I spoke to his brothers 
and hers. The ostler gave our horses $nd yours some 
hay. The teacher instructs your sons and mine and 
your daughters and mine. He praises your children 
and his. Do you know his brothers and hers? She 
has received your letters and ours. 



Masc. 

JDiefer, 
3ener, 
3Md)er, 
3Be(d)er?' 



Fern. 

btefe, 

jene, 
toetcfte, 

jebe, 



Neut. 

btefeS, 
jetted, 
tt>e(d)e£, 
tt>e(d)e3 ? 
jebe3, 



this. 

that. 

who, which. 

which ? what ? 

every, every one. 



Masc. 



Nom. Stefer, 

Gen. IStefeS, 

Dat. Stefem, 

Ace. Siefen, 



DECLENSION. 

Singula?*. 

Fern. Neut. 

biefe, 

biefer, 
biefer, 
biefe, 



btefe^ this, 
btefeg, of this, 
btefem, to this, 
fciefe^, this. 



Plural. 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. 2>tefe, these. 
Gen. Stefer, of these. 
Dat. Stefen, to these. 
Ace. £iefe, these. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 65 

Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
the definite Article, S^ner, tteMjer, and jeber are de- 
clined in the same manner. 



liefer 3^3* £tefe Semtocmb, 3Mefe3 Zud). Sener 

This stuff. This linen. This cloth. That 

$ndbem ^ette Suppe. 3ene3 tylebL 20e(*er geMer ? 

cake. That soup. That flour. Which fault % 

2Betd)e Urfadhe ? $M#e3 ?atfer ? ©n Serg, twkfr er ho* 

Which reason *? Which rice 1 A mountain which high 

\)U Sine aiBtefe, ttetdbe grim tji, Qin Zbal, tt>e(cbe3 

is. A meadow which green is. A valley which 

cmmutbtg iff; Seber £ag* 3efce Shmbe* 3ebe3 Satyr* 

pleasing is. Every day. Every hour. Every year. 

5Dte ©fatter btefe3' 25aum^ £te' SBBurjct biefer ^ffanje* 

The leaves of this tree. The root of this plant. 

£er ©erucf) btefe3 2Setfd£)etig. £er ©efrtmctcf jene3 $udhen3- 

The smell of this violet. The taste of that cake. 

Xev (Baft jener ©trette* £er 33oben jenes gaflfeg* 2Be(d)e3 

The juice of that lemon. The bottom of that cask. Which 

gxeunfceS SScfud) ? SKMcfcer £ame $ut ? 2Qe(*e3 £inbe£ 

friend's visit 1 Which lady's bonnet 1 Which child's 

Sautter ? 3d) m\$, tt>elcfre3 greimfceg er ertodbttte* Sagett 

mother! I know of which friend he mentioned. Tell 

Bit tmr, toetoer £ame er fpotfet. <2te feben, it>elcbeg Qftefiferg 

They tome of which lady he mocks. They see of which knife 

er jtdj bebtent @r fennt bie gamtfte jetcg gxeunfceg. @r 

he himself serves. He knows the family of every friend. He 

hat ©emdtbe jeber Strt* @r fennt ben 3nbdtt jebe£ 23udbeg 

has portraits of every kind. He knows the contents of every book 

in femer Sibfiotbef* 

in to his library. 

This stuff. This linen. This cloth. That cake. 
That soup. That flour. Which fault ? Which reason ? 
Which vice ? A mountain that is high. A meadow 
which is green. A valley which is pleasing. Every 
day. Every hour. Every year. The leaves of this 
tree. The root of this plant. The smell of this violet. 
The taste of that cake. The juice of that lemon. The 
bottom of that cask. Which friend's visit ? Which 
lady's hat ? Which child's mother ? I know which 
friend he mentioned. Tell me which lady he is mock- 



66 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ing at. You see which knife he is making use of. He 
knows the family of every friend. He has portraits of 
every kind. He knows the contents of every book in 
his library. 



£a6en ©te mit btefem ^remben gefprocfyen ? 3d) f>abe nut 

Have They with to this stranger spoken 1 I have with 

fctefer Qame gefprocfyem 2Ber lag in btefem 23ud)e ? jjelfen 

to this lady spoken. Who read in to this book 1 Help 

©ie jettem 99?amte. $o(gen ©ie jener Same. ©eben 

They to that man. Follow They to that lady. See 

©ie bk $a£e auf jenem Qadje ? 2ln toelcfyem £age ? 3u 

They the cat on to that roof % On to what day 1 At 

roetdjer ©tunbe ? 3it tt)elcf)em Safyre ? ©agen ©ie mtr, bet 

to what hour ? In to what year 1 Tell They to me, at 

mtycm ©djneiber ©ie btefen 9fctf gefauft fyaben* 3d) xot\% 

to what tailor They this coat bought have. I know, 

vodd)tv Same ©ie geflern begegneten* SCBte ^etft ba3 jlinb, 

to what lady They yesterday met. How is called the child, 

tt)e(d)em ©ie ben fiufym gaben ? Sag 2eben ijt jebem 

to which They the cake gave 1 The life is to every 

sjftenjtyett tbeuer* ©ie fonnen ju jeber ©tunbe beg £age3 

man dear. They can at to every hour of the day 

frtfcfyeg 93rob fyafcem SKJtflen ©ie bte Stamen ber £auptjtabte 

fresh bread have. Know They the names of the capital towns 

fcott jebem ?anbe?, 

of to every country 1 

Did you speak to this stranger ? I spoke to this lady. 
Who read in this book? Help that man. Follow that 
lady. Do you see the cat on that roof ? On what day ? 
At what hour ? In what year ? Tell me of what 
tailor you bought this coat. I know what lady you 
met yesterday. What is the name of the child to which 
you gave the cake ? Life is dear to every man. You 
may have fresh bread at every hour of the day. Do you 
know the names of the principal towns of every country? 



SMett ©ie btefen $rofrf) tobten ? 3d) tobte biefe Wind?. 

Wish They this frog kill! I kill this fly. 

^Pflitgen ©ie biefeg ge(b ? ©efyen ©ie jenen ©tern ? 

Till They this field 1 See They that star 1 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 67 

Bennett ©te jene 9SMt ? ©tebeu ©te jetted ©♦ SEMcfyen 

Know They that world 1 Boil They; that egg. Which 

fKocf tt>often ©te aitjtebett ? SBekfye SSinte rcoUen ©te efien ? 

coat will They on put 1 Which pear will They eat 1 

28e(rf)e3 @ebxcf)t bakm ©te gefefen ? S^teg tfi ber ©c^tufel, 

Which poem have They read 1 This is the key 

tt>e(rf)ett id) aerloreit babe. £ter tjl bte geber, tt>elcf)e tcf) 

which I lost have. Here is the pen which I 

gefcfytttten fyabe. 23te3 ifi ba$ gcmbfyaug, weldhe^ %bv 3Sater 

cut have. This is the country-house which Their father 

faufen toiCL 2efen ©te jeben ©a£ cwfmerffam. ©precfyen 

buy wishes. Read They every sentence attentively, Speak 

©te jebe (2i>16e beutttd) au3* 3d) ^abc jebe£ Sort 

They every syllable plainly out. I have every word 

t)er|Ttanbert> 

understood. 

Do you wish to kill this frog ? I kill this fly. Do 
you till this field ? Do you see that star ? Do you 
know that world ? Boil that egg. Which coat will 
you put on ? Which pear do you wish to eat ? Which 
poem have you read ? This is the key which I have 
lost. Here is the pen which I have made. This is the 
country-house which your father wishes to buy. Read 
every sentence attentively. Pronounce every syllable 
plainly. I understood every word. 



Dtefc banner. Sene grauem SSMcfye $mber? 3d) 

These men. Those women. Which children 1 I 

lo&e btejemgett jtmber, mefdje arttg ffnb. £te 35Idtter biefer 

praise those children, who kind are. The leaves of these 

93dume. £er ©efcfymatf jener $ud)en* £te <&d)aten jener 

trees. The taste of those cakes. The peels of those 

©tronetu SOBelcfyer £amen &itte? SSMcfyer greimbe er* 

lemons. Which ladies' bonnets 1 Of which friends men- 

n>df)ttte er? 3d) fyctbe nttt biefen gremben gefprodjem 

tioned he 1 I have with to these strangers spoken. 

£e(fen ©te jenett Seuten ? SOBefcfyen £erren begegtteten ©ie ? 

Help They to those people 1 To which gentlemen met They 1 

©agett ©te mtr, ttelcfyett fterren ©te Segegneten* ©d}(ad)ten 

Tell They to me, to which gentlemen They met. Kill 

©te btefe £>d)fen ? 3Btr fd)tad)ten jene Matter. SKMdje 

They these oxen 1 We kill those caives. Which 



68 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

23rtefe 6eanttt>orten ©te ? SHMcfye SSirnen efien ©te gem ? 

letters answer They! Which pears eat They gladly! 

©agen ©te mtr, toelcfye 33trnen ©te gem efieiu SHMcfye 

Tell They to me, which pears They gladly eat. Which 

©ebtcfyte tyabm ©te gelefen ? £uer fcnb bte $ebern, ttdcfye 

poems have They read ! Here are the pens, which 

id) gefcfynttten fyabe* 

I cut have. 

These men. Those women. Which children ? 
I praise those children who are kind. The leaves of 
these trees. The taste of those cakes. The peel of 
those lemons. Which ladies' bonnets ? Which friends 
did he mention ? I have spoken to these strangers. 
Help those people. Which gentlemen did you meet ? 
Tell me which gentlemen you met. Do you kill these 
oxen ? We kill those calves. Which letters do you 
answer ? Which pears do you like ? Tell me which 
pears you like. Which poems have you read ? Here 
are the pens which I have made. 



] 


RELATIVE. 


INTERROGATIVE. 


Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 
Ace. 


2Ber, * who. 
$8effen, whose. 
2Bem, t0 whom. 
22en, whom. 


2Ber? 
Sffiefien 
SBem? 
2Ben? 


who ? 
? whose ? 
to whom ? 

whom ? 



2Ber tfi ia ? din grember* Sffier tft gefommen ? 3f)re 

Who is there 1 A stranger. Who is come 1 Their 

©d)tt>efter* 50er ffopft an bte £l)itr? dim Same* 

sister. Who knocks on the door! A lady. 

©agen ©te mtr, tt>er ba ift 2Btfien ©te, tt>er gefommen tjt ? 

Tell They tome who there is. Know They who come is % 

3d) tt>e$ ntcfyt, rcer gefommen tjL SDefiett £nt tft ba^ ? 

I know not, who come is. Whose hat is that 1 

SBtffen ©te, n>efien £nt ba3 ift ? @s tjt metne^ 25rnber3 

Know They whose hat that is 1 It is of my brother's 

S)ut aBeflen SSitd) tfl bag ? Stiffen ©te, rceffen 33ud> bag 

hat. Whose book is that 1 Know They whose book that 

tft? (£3 tft ba3 S3uc^ memer ©d)tt>efter/ SSSem gaben ©te 

is 1 It is the book of my sister. To whom gave They 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 69 

i>a$ ©efb ? ©agen ©ie mtr, mem ©te ba£ ©efb gabem 

the money'? Tell They to me to whom They the money gave. 

3d) gab ed bent Slrmem 2Sem begegneten ©te ? SBollen 

I gave it to the poor (man). To whom met They'? Will 

©te mtr fagen, mem ©te begegneten ? 3cf) begegnete ettter 

They to me tell to whom They met 1 I met to a 

gremtbttu 2Bem fcfyenften ©te ba3 33ttb? ©agen ©te 

(f.) friend. To whom presented They the picture 1 Tell They 

mtr, mem ©te ba3 S3tfb fdjenftem 3d) fcfyenfte e3 einem 

to me, to whom They the picture presented. I presented it to a 

$mbe. 2Ben t)at er beleibtgt ? SEBtffett ©te, men er beleibtgt 

child. Whom has he offended % Know They whom he offended 

I)at? @r t)at feme Xante beleibigt SSSen molten ©te 

has 1 He has hfs aunt offended. Whom will They 

befncfyen ? 3d) mod)te miffen, men ©te befncfyen molten* 

visit 1 I should like to know whom They visit wish. 

3cfy mttt metnen Setter befndjem 2Sen fndjen ©te ? ©agen 

I wish my cousin to visit. Whom seek They 1 Tell 

©te mtr, men ©te fncfyem 3d) fncfye metn $inb> 33on mem 

They to me whom They seek. I seek my child. Of to whom 

©precfyen ©te ? (Srlanben ©te mtr, ©te jn fragen, $on 

speak They 1 Allow They to me Them to ask of 

mm ©te fprecfyen* 3d) fpredje tton etnem gremtbe* SfBer 

to whom They speak. I speak of to a friend. Who 

mill mit mtr gefyen ? 3rf) frage, mer mit mtr gefyen milt. 

will with to me go 1 I ask, who with to me go will. 

2>ie $naben molten mtt Sfytten gebem 9iad) mem fragten 

The boys wish with to Them to go. After to whom asked 

©te? 3d) mitnfd)te $n miffen, nad) mem ©te fragten. 

They 1 I wished to - know, after to whom They asked. 

3d) fragte nad) bem ©d)nfymad)er* 2Ber bat e3 3bnen 

I asked after to the shoemaker. Who has it to Them 

gefagt ? 3d) mitnfd)te jn mtflen, mer e3 tbnen gefagt Ijat 

told 1 I wished to know, who it to them told has. 

£ie j?tnber baben e$ mtr gefagt. SKeffen &an$ ifi bag? 

The children have it to me told. Whose house is that 1 

Stiffen ©te, mejfen $>an$ ba$ ifi ? &aS t|t ba$ §au$ mcU 

Know They whose house that is 1 That is the house of 

ner ©ro£eiterm Sffiefien ertnnern ©te jTd) ? ©a* 

my grandparents. Whose remember They themselves 1 

gen ©te mtr, mefifen ©te ftd) ertnnern* 3d) ertnnere 

Tell They to me, whose They themselves remember. I remember 

mi<fy metner ©d)utfretmbe. SEBeffen ertnnert er ficf> ? 

myself of my school-friends. Whose remembered he himself 1 

3d) met$ nid)t, meffen er jTd) ermnerte. @r erinnerte ftd) 

I know not w hose he himself remembered. He remembered himself 



70 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

unfer. Wlit went baben @ie gefprocfyen ? 3d) barf SBtten 

of us. With to whom have They spoken 1 I dare to Them 

ntcfyt fagen, mit mm id) gefprecfyen babe. 3d) babe mit 

not tell, with to whom I spoken have. I have with 

Sfyren 3Sertt>anfeten gefprccfyem Sin n>en Ijaben <2ie 

to Their relations spoken. On whom have They 

gefcfyrieben ? Sdj n>ttt Sbnett fagen, an »en id) gefdjrieben 

written 1 I will to Them tell, on whom I written 

babe. 3d) babe an meine Sd)tt>eftern gefdjrieben* 

have. I have on my sisters written. 

Who is there ? A stranger. Who has come ? Your 
sister. Who knocks at the door ? A lady. Tell me, 
who is there. Do you know who has come? I do 
not know who has come. Whose hat is this ? Do you 
know whose hat this is ? It is my brother's hat. 
Whose book is this ? Do you know whose book this 
is ? It is the book of my sister ? To whom did you 
give the money ? Tell me to whom you gave the 
money. I gave it to the poor man. Whom did you 
meet? Will you tell me whom you met? I met a 
(f.) friend. To whom did you present the picture ? 
Tell me, to whom you presented the picture. I pre- 
sented it to a child. Whom has he offended ? Do you 
know whom he has offended ? He has offended his 
aunt. Whom do you wish to call upon ? I should 
like to know whom you wish to call upon. I wish to 
call upon my cousin. Whom are you looking for ? 
Tell me. whom you are looking for. I am looking for 
my child. Of whom are you speaking ? Allow me to 
ask you of whom you are speaking. I am speaking 
of a friend. Who is willing to go with me ? I ask 
who is willing to go with me. The boys are willing to 
go with you. After whom did you inquire ? I should 
like to know after whom you inquired. I inquired 
after the shoemaker. Who has told it to you ? I 
should like to know who has told it to you. The 
children have told it to me. Whose house is this ? Do 
you know whose this is ? This is the house of my 
grandfather and grandmother. Whom do you re- 
collect ? Tell me, whom you recollect. I recollect 
my school-fellows. Whom did he recollect ? I do not 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 71 

know whom he recollected. He recollected us. With 
whom did you speak ? I dare not tell you with whom 
I spoke. I spoke with your relations. To whom have 
you written ? I will tell you to whom I have written. 
I have written to my sisters. 



Relative and Interrogative, 
§B3ft£/ what. 

SOBeswegen, on account of what, what for, 

IBJeritber, at what, about what. 

SSerut, in what. 

SBoju, what for. 

SScmit, with what, 

©often, of what. 

SBerart, at what. 

SSohtrdj, through what. 



®a£ tft ba£ ? 3d) ftfc V®& rt ifc SfSag tft gefrfjefien ? 

What is that 1 I see what it is. What is happened 7 

3d) mocf)te nnffett, rca£ gefcfreben ifh 2Ba3 fudhen Ste? 

I should like to know, what happened is. What seek They '7 

^inben Ste, wa3 Sie fncften ? 9Bdd toetfen @ie ? 3* 

Find They what They seek 1 What wish They 1 I 

n>eig mdtf, n>ag er nritt* 2Q3estt>egen fittb 2te traurtg ? 3d? 

know not what he wishes. What for are They melancholy 7 I 

roetp ntcfyt, roeemegen Ste traurtg ffnb* 50Bbrii&er laiht ber 

know not, what for They melancholy are. What about laughs the 

Karr ? 3d) tttfifi md#> rocritber cr fadbt Serin frefrebt 

fool 7 I know not where about he laughs. Wherein consists 

feme ©efdncfticWett ? 3* frfj« ntdji, rcerin feme ©cfdhtcf (tchfett 

his skill ] I see not wherein his skill 

keiiebt. 2Bcju gebtaudu man ba3 ? grffdren ©ie nur, 

consists. Whereto uses one that 1 Explain They to me, 

ftojit man ba3 gebraudht, SScnut fdmetben Ste * btefen 

whereto one that uses. Wherewith cut They this 

Steff? 3d) hrimfdjtc ju rotfien, roemit Ste btefen ©toff 

stuff 7 I should wish to know, wherewith They this stuff 

fdjneibem 2Bofccn fprecfren bt'efe ?ente? 3d) wetf? mcfit, 

cut. Whereof speak these people 1 I know not 2 



72 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

rootton fee fprecfyem 5Boburd) tfl eg Sfmeu geltmgett ? 3d) 

whereof they speak. Wherethrough is it to Them succeeded 1 I 

begreife md)t, woburd) eg Sfynett geluugeu tji* 

conceive not, wherethrough it to Them succeeded is. 

What is that ? I see what it is. What has hap- 
pened? I should like to know what has happened. 
What are you looking for ? Do you find what you are 
looking for ? What do you wish ? I do not know 
what he wishes for. About what are you so melan- 
choly? I do not know about what you are so melan- 
choly. At what does the fool laugh ? I do not know 
what he laughs at. In what lies his skill ? I do not 
see in what his skill lies. What is that used for ? 
Explain to me what that is used for. What do you 
cut this stuff with ? I should like to know with what 
you cut this stuff. What are these people speaking of? 
I do not know what they are speaking of. Through 
what did you succeed ? I do not conceive through 
what you succeeded. 



3B a $ f ii r, fyc, what, what sort of, fyc. 
2Ba3 fitr em Slpfel tfi ba$ ? ©ageu ©te mtr, tt>ag fitr eut 

What for an apple is that 1 Tell They to me, what for an 

Styfef bte3 tfl* 5Ba3 fitr ewe 33fume tfl tne& 3d) roetfl 

apple this is. What for a flower is this. I know 

md)t, ma£ fitr erne ©fume ba3 tji, 2Ba3 fitr em 23ud) ift 

not what for a flower that is. What for a hook is 

bte3 ? ©ageu ©te mtr, n>a£ fitr em 23ud) bte3 xfh SBa3 

this 1 Tell They to me, what for a hook this is. What 

fitr emeu 2lpfel tpotten ©te efietu ©ageu ©te mtr, tt>a£ fitr 

for an apple will They eat. Tell They to me, what for 

emeu Slpfel ©te eflett tt>oKeiu 2Ba3 fitr erne ©pradje rotten 

an apple They to eat wish. What for a language wish 

©te ftubtreu ? 3d) wetg, tva$ fur erne ©pracfye ©te ftubtreu 

They to study 1 I know, what for a language They to study 

tooUem 2Ba3 fur em §au$ will ex faufeu ? 3d) mi%, voa$ 

wish. What for a house wishes he to buy 1 I know, what 

fitr em &au$ er faufeu biff* 2Ba3 fur em ©of bat tfl gefbrbeu ? 

for a house he to buy wishes. What for a soldier is dead 1 

2Bag fur eutel ©olbateu Uutform tfl bte3 ? 3d) n>ei# utcfyt, 

What for a soldier's uniform is this ] I know not, 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 73 

toa$ fur eineS Sofbafen Uniform bte£ ijj; 2Bas fiir einen 

what for a soldier's uniform this is. What for a 

©olbaten bateu ©te gefeben ? 3Ba3 fiir etnem Slrjte fd)enfen 

soldier have They seen 1 To what for a physician present 

©te Sbr SSertrauen ? 3d) roetg, ma£ fiir etnem Slrgte ©te 

They Their confidence 1 I know to what for a physician They 

3br aSertrauen fdjenfen, ©agen ©ie bent SBebtenten, voa$ 

Their confidence present. Tell They to the servant, what 

fiir emeu Sicd er 3bnen brtugen felL~ 3Ber ijl ba ? @n 

for a coat he to Them bring shall. Who is there T A 

grember* 923a3 fiir enter ? Jpter ifl etne Siting* $0a3 

stranger. What for one 1 Here is a newspaper. What 

fiir etne ? £ter ifl em SSudu SOBctg fiir emeS ? 3d) fya6e 

for one 1 Here is a book. What for one'? I have 

mtr eutett &ut gefauft s iBa£ fur einen ? ©eben ©te mtr 

to me a hat bought. What for one ! Give They to me 

etne SKabel* SOBag fiir etne ? Setben ©te mtr em 33ud), 

a needle. What for one? Lend They tome a book. 

SGBag fiir emeg ? 3d) fucfye emeu ?ebrer. 2Ba3 fiir einen ? 

What for one 1 I seek a teacher. What for one! 

2Ba3 fiir SSrob tfl ba£ ? ©agen ©te mir, ma$ fiir 25rob ba$ 

What for bread is that! Tell They to me what for bread that 

tft. $3a3 fiir 93rob effen ©te gent? 3d) u>et$, matf fitr 

is. What for bread eat They gladly! 1 know, what for 

93rob ©te gern efien. 2Ba$ fur (Sfffg tfl bte£ ? §K3a3 fiir 

bread They gladly eat. What for vinegar is this! What for 

@fl?g molten ©te \)aU\\ ? ©agen ©te mtr, xva$ fiir Qrfjtg id) 

vinegar will They have ! Tell They to me, what for vinegar I 

3bnen geben fctL 2BaS fitr £tnte gefdtft Sfynen ? ©agen 

to Them give shall. What for ink pleases to Them ? Tell 

©te mtr, ma3 fiir Zinte 3'men gefdCt 90Ba$ fiir Zinte 

They to me, what for ink to Them pleases. What for ink 

mdt>(en ©te ? 3d) metp ntd)t, ma3 fiir £inte id) nefymen foK. 

choose They! I know not, what for ink I take shall. 

SEBag fitr $ferbe jtnb bte£? 2£a6 fiir iente waxen ba? 

What for horses are this! What for people were there! 

23as fiir SBdnber baben ©te gemdbft ? SESiflen ©te, ma£ fitr 

What for ribbons have They chosen ! K now They, what for 

gamtlten er fcefudjen mitt? ; SMtt ma£ fiir Seuten gcl)t er um ? 

families he visit will ! With to what for people goes he about ! 

2Ba<3 baben gte bier ? ffifetftifte. SffiaS fitr wefobe ? 2Bas* 

What have They here ! Lead-pencils. What for some ! What 

baben ©te gefanft ? ©triimpfe, 2Ba3 fur me(d)e ? 

have They bought ! Stockings. What for some 1 



74 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



OBSERVATIONS. 



2Bag fiir is used with collective nouns in the singular, 
and with nouns generally in the plural. Wa£ fur em, 
tine, em is connected with any other than a collective 
noun in the singular. 2Ba3 fur enter, erne, eineS, is used, 
when a noun in the singular is understood. In n>a£ fitr 
tt)e(cf)e r toekfce is the substitute of a noun in the plural. 

What sort of an apple is this ? Tell me what sort 
of an apple this is. What sort of a flower is this ? I 
do not know what sort of a flower this is. What sort 
of a book is this ? Tell mc what sort of a book this 
is. What sort of an apple will you eat ? Tell me 
what sort of an apple you will eat. What language 
are you willing to study ? I know what language you 
are willing to study. What house is he willing to buy ? 
I know what sort of a house he is willing to buy. 
What soldier has died ? What soldier's uniform is this ? 
I do not know what soldier's uniform this is. What 
soldier have you seen ? In what physician do you 
place your confidence ? I know in what physician 
you place your confidence. Tell the servant what coat 
he is to bring you. Who is there? A stranger. What 
kind of one ? Here is a newspaper. What sort of 
one ? Here is a book. What kind of one ? I have 
bought a hat for myself. What sort of one ? Give 
me a needle. What kind of one ? Lend me a book. 
What sort of one ? I am looking for a teacher. What 
kind of one (are you looking for) ? What sort of bread 
is this ? Tell me what sort of bread this is. What 
sort of bread do you like. I know what sort of bread 
you like. What sort of vinegar is this ? What sort of 
vinegar will you have ? Tell me what sort of vinegar 
I shall give you. What ink do you like ? Tell me 
what ink you like. What ink do you choose ? I do 
not know what ink I shall take. What kind of horses 
are these ? What kind of people were there ? What 
sort of ribbons have you chosen ? Do you know 
what families he is going to visit ? What kind of people 



£AS¥ LESSONS IN GERMAN, 75 

does he bold intercourse with ? What have you here ? 
Lead-pencils. What sort of ones ? What have you 
bought ? Stockings. What sort of ones ? 



Nom. ^etttanb, some or any body. 

Gen. jentattbg, of some or any body. 
Dat. j Sewanbem, j t0 some or any hodv . 

Ace. \ ^manben, j some or any bod 

Nom. Ditemanb, nobody. 

Gen. 9Ctemanfeg> of nobody. 

Dat. V5 eman J m ' ho nobodv. 
Ace. S^emaubeiv j fe d 

Nom. Sebetlrifltlttt, every body. 

Gen. Sebermamttf, of every body. 

Dat. Sebermann, to every body. 

Ace. Scbermann, every body. 



3fi Sentflttb bter gewefeit ? SRtemanb i]i bter geroefeiu 

Is anybody here been ? Nobody is here been. 

Sebermamt ti>ti$ t$. 3* tttoaxu %tmavfo$ aSefud}* 3cf) 

Everybody knows it. I expect somebody's visit. I 

nebrite beute KtemaribS Sefrtd) an. £a3 roar SebermatmS 

take to-day nobodv's visit on- That was everybody's 

SEBunfd). Qahen Ste Sentanbem ©ete geltehen ? 3d) babe 

wish. Have They to anybody money lent] I have 

3Wemanb ©elb geHebeiu Sagen Steel ijebennamu SWufen 

to nobody money lent Tell They it to everybody. Call 

Ste Semanb. 3$) faub Ditemanb ba. " tit fcebanbelt 

They somebody. I found nobody there. He treats 

Sebermamt reblid). 

everybody honestly. 

Was anybody here ? Nobody was here. Every 
body knows it. I expect somebody's visit. I accept 



76 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

nobody's visit to-day. That was everybody's wish 
Have you lent money to anybody ? I have not len 
money to anybody. Tell it to everybody. Call some- 
body. I did not find anybody there. He treats every- 
body honestly. 



* 



£erjemge, toefcherC referring both to Masc. \ Thatwhich, 
jpitjcritge, ttdcfye ^ pers. and things. Fern, lor the 
-Tagjem'ge, rocfcfyeS Neut. J which. 



1 pers. and things. Fern. >or the one 
Neut. ) which. 
SDatfjenige, tva$ (referring to things only). That which. 



DECLENSION. 

Singular. 

Masc. Fein. Neu*. 

Nom. Serjenige, btejemge, bct^jenige, that. 

Gen. IDegjemgett, berjentgcn, fceSjentgen, of that. 

Dat. ^emjemgen, berjentgen, bemjcmgen, to that. 

Ace. Senjentgeu, btejemge, fcaSjenige, that. 

Plural 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. ^tejemgen, those. 

Gen. Serjentgen, of those. 

Dat. Senjemgen, to those 
Ace. 3Diejemgen, those. 



SKMcfyer $na6e fcefommt biefe3 @efd)cnf ? ^erjemge, 

Which bo j receives this present 1 That 

tt>elci)er fletptg tffc 3£eld)e grew uninfect Ste ju fprecften ? 

who industrious is. Which woman wishes Them to speak 1 

Stejenige, xoeldje front iji* 95Md)e3 ^pferb ? £agjentge, 

That who sick is. Which horse 1 That 

tt>e(cf)e$ labnt ifi* £te ©tern beSjemgen $na6en, roeldber 

which lame is. The parents of that boy, who 

gelobt nntrbe. 2Me £od)ter berjentgen gran, n>elcf)e mit nn£ 

praised was. The daughter of that woman, who with to us 

gefprecfyen bat £er *J3rei3 berjentgen ^Jfe**^, rt>eld)c3 ©ie 

spoken has. The price of that horse which They 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 77 

jit fmtfen getarttem ©eben 2k ba$ ©e(b bemjemgen Sfrmen, 

to buy intended. Give They the money to that poor man, 

toddjer imS barum angcfprccben bat. ^ Sprecbcn Ste mit 

who us thereabout spoken to has. Speak They with 

terjemgen $rcut, roefcbe gcfrern bier wax. 3d) tag in temje* 

to that woman who yesterday here was. I read in to 

rttgen 23ucbe, roefcfje^ (Etc nur gegeben babem DJiifen 2te 

that book which They tome given have- Call They 

bcnjem'gen Strjt, iDeldjer 3bre*t SSruber fcebanbeft bat. 3d) 

that physician who Their brother treated has. I 

ntetne btejetitge $ran, beren #tnb geftetben iff. 3* tterbe 

mean that woman, whose child died is. I shall 

baejemge S}an$ faufen, ttefcbes nrir beute gefebcn baben* 

that house buy, which we to-day seen have. 

2Be(d)e Seamen waxen ba ? £tejenigen, tt>e(dje im$ geftern 

Which ladies were there 1 Those who to us yesterday 

fcegegneteru Scbretben Ste tie ytamen berjemgen Stinkier 

met Write They the name of these scholars 

auf, tt>e(d)e abttefenb fmb ? 3* getgte ben Srtef benjentgen 

up who absent are! I showed the letter to those 

£erren, weid)e gegenrodrftg waxen. 95ringen Ste mix 

gentlemen who pre-ent were. Bring They to me 

btejenigen §>optere> roekte anf bem ^itlre (tegen. Unfcr 

tho>e papers which on to the desk lie. Our 

Sebrer extlaxt un$ fcagjemge, wa$ wix ntcbt Derftebem 

teacher explains to us that which we not understand. 

Which hoy obtains this present ? The one who is 

industrious. Which woman wishes to speak to you? 
The one who is sick. Which horse ? That which is 
lame. The parents of that boy who was praised. 
The daughter of that woman who has spoken to us. 
The price of that horse which you intended to buy. 
Give the money to that poor man who has begged it 
of us. Speak to that woman who was here yesterday. 
I read in that book which you gave me. Call that 
physician who has attended your brother. I mean that 
woman whose child has died. I shall buy that house 
which we have seen to-day. Which ladies were there? 
Those whom we met yesterday. Write down the 
names of those pupils who are absent. I showed the 
letter to those gentlemen who were present. Bring me 
those papers which lie on the desk. Our teacher ex- 
plains to us that which we do not understand. 



78 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 

SKMrfjer SWarnt ? Derjemge, metier tvant ifh SScIcher 

Which man 1 That which sick is. Which 

23mtm? Derjemge, welcher bhtbt* ffielcfye graii ? 

tree '] That which is blooming'. Which woman 1 

Dtejentge, toefcfye bort gebt, SBBefdjc Scfyttfiel ? Diejcmge, 

That which there walks. Which dish 1 That 

wefrfje jerbrecfyett tfh 2BeId)eg S8urf> ? DaSjemge, rce(rf)e3 

which broken is. Which book 1 That which 

cmf bem SEtfdje liegt SBelcfyem SWanne gtanben @ie ? 

on to the table lies. To which man believe They % 

Demjentgen, roeldfyer mcfyt litgt* SBelcfyem 3tatbe fefgen Sie ? 

To that which not lies. To which advice follow They 1 

Demjenigen, tt>efd>er gut tft* SSMrfjer Dame begegneten Ste ? 

To that which srood is. To which lady met They 1 

Derjentgen, n>e(d)er <£ie begegneten* 3n weldber $trcbe waren. 

To that to which They met. In to what church were 

Sie ? 3k berjemgen, tt>eld)e Ste gewobnltd) bcfudjem 3*? 

They 1 In to that which They usually visit In 

toefdjem £immev fd)(afen ©te? 3« bemjentgen, tt>eld)eg 

to which room sleep They 1 In to that which 

fcorgejlent gerimcfyt nmrbe. Sffiefcfyen grennb lieben Sie ? 

before yesterday white-washed was. Which friend love They 1 

Denjemgen, n>eldber mix bte $?abrt)ett fagt SSMcfyen Diecf 

That which to me the truth tells. Which coat 

gteben ®te an ? Denjemgen, n>efd)cr an ber SCbitr fydngt* 

draw They on 1 That which on to the door hangs. 

SBMdje Dame farm ftngen ? Dtejentge, tveld)e xvei§ geffetbet 

Which lady can ' sing] That which white dressed 

tfh Weict)e Unterbafttntg habm ©te gem ? Diejemge, 

is What conversation have They gla dly 1 That 

wld)e betebrenb if£ SEBeldje $tnber n>erbeit gefobt? 

which instructive is. Which children are praised'? 

Diejentgen, wekfye arttg jmb* SGBeldjer ?eute fpottet er? 

Those who kind are. Of what people mocks he 1 

Derjemgen, wefcfye fcfymngtg jmb* SSMcfyen SJrmen geben @te 

Of those who filthy are. To what poor people give They 

@elb? Denjemgen, toeldje ebrltcb ftnb* S&elclje greimbe 

money I To those who honest are. What friends 

Iteben @te ? Diejentgen, roelctye aufricfyttg ftnb* 

love They 1 Those who sincere are. 

Which man ? The one who is sick. Which tree ? 
That which is blooming. Which woman ? The one 
who is walking there. Which dish ? That which is 
broken. Which book? That which is lying on the 
table. Which man do you believe ? The one who 
does not lie. What advice do you follow ? That 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



79 



which is good. Which lady did you meet ? The one 
whom you met. In which church were you ? In that 
which you usually visit. In which room do you sleep ? 
In that which was white-washed the day before yester- 
day. Which friend do you love? The one who tells 
me the truth. Which coat do you put on. That which 
hangs by the door. Whiebflady can sing ? The one 
who is dressed in white. What conversation do you 
like ? That which is instructive. Which children are 
praised? Those who are kind. Which people does 
he mock at ? At those who are filthy. To which poor 
people do you give money ? To those who are 
honest. Which friends do you love ? Those who are 
sincere. 



Serfel&e, btefe(6e, bafietee, the same. 



Ma?c. 



DECLENSION. 

Singular. 

Fem. NVut. 



Nom. £erfe(6e, btefefte, bafief&e, the same. 

Gen. Qeftelben, berfef&ett, bejtet&en, of the same. 

Dat. £emfe(ben, berfe(6en, betttfe{6en, to the same. 

Ace. £enfet&en, btefelbe, bctffefte, the same. 

Plural. 



Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 

Ace. 


£tefef6en, 
-Terfeffren, 

Stefelbeit, 


the 
of the 
to the 

the 


same, 
same, 
same, 
same. 



S'erfef&e Sdmeiber, SDtefefte gremibun £afiH6e Stafo* 

The same tailor. The same (f ) friend. The same child. 

^erfelbe 'IPtigett. £tefeI6e Sdbrift* Saflejfbe £ubn. £er 

The same carriage. The same writing. The same chicken. The 

2d)itfer beffel&cn ?ebrer£. Tie SSobmmg berfe!6en gremtbm. 

pupil of the same teacher. The residence of the same (f.) friend. 



80 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Ste ^etcfyfel fcefietfren 22ageit£. £a3 Sptelgeug beflfelbett 

The pole of the same carriage. The toy of the same 

$trtbe3. 3d) gebe ju bemfetben Sdbubmcuter. ©te roobitt 

child. I go to the same shoemaker. She lives 

bet berjelfe-n $reimbuu ®v tvobnt fat bentfelben &aufe. 3d) 

at to the same (f.) friend. He lives in to the same house. I 

fap tp bemfetben SSageiu ^emten Ste benfeI6en ?ebrer ? 

sa.t in to the same carriage. ^iow They the same teacher 1 

3d) meme btefelbe gteimjbiit. 3* fc£>e bafiefte £mb. 3d) 

I mean the same (f.) friend. I praise the same child. I 

fat) tenfeiben SSagen. Etefelben ^Jerfoncn. Stefelben 

saw the same carriage. The same persons. The same 

$feiber\ 2te (£uttt>cbner berfelbert ©tabte* 3« benfe(6ert 

clothes. The inhabitants of the same cities. In to the same 

Sanbern. 3d) femte btefelben gfamttteiu 

countries. I know the same families. 

The same tailor. The same (f.) friend. The same 
child. The same carriage. The same writing. The 
same chicken. The pupil of the same teacher. The 
residence of the same (f.) friend. The pole of the same 
carriage. The toy of the same child. I am going to 
the same shoemaker. She lives with the same (f.) friend. 
He lives in the same house. I was sitting in the same 
carriage. Are you acquainted with the same teacher ? 
I mean the same, (f.) friend. I praise the same child. 
I saw the same carriage. The same persons. The 
same clothes. The inhabitants of the same cities. In 
the same countries. I am acquainted with the same 
families. 



Serfetbe, tt>eld)er \ referring both to per- ) The same 

Jnefelbe, n>etcf)e \ sons and things. ) who. 

Saffette, tt>e(rf)eg ( The same which, 

Qaffclbe,XQCL$ (referring to things only). ( or that. 

«v-'' r 'rt. ,* n; 7 ( The same who, 

Diktat, tt>etdje Plural J |he same which ; 

SSefcfyer Sdiubtiiacfycr ? Serftffce, tt>e(cber Sfyre Sdutbe 

Which shoemaker 1 The same who Their shoes 

gemacbt bat. 2Be(d)e 9idf)ertu ? £tefel6e, tt>eld)e 3bren 

made has. Which seamstress 1 The same who Their 



EASY LESSONS IS GERMAN. SI 

SKotttel berfert%t bat. Sftbfcd £tnb ? Saflette, tt>e(cbc3 

cloak made has* W Inch child 1 The same which 

eben bter war* 3Beldjer £mth ? rcrfctbe,, wclcber Ste 

just here was. Which dog 1 The same that Them 

gcbtftcn bat. ©ctcbe ^afee ? SJtefel&e, wctcbe bcrt lattfh 

bitten has. Which cat] The same that there runs, 

22c(cbc£ papier? ^a]T^be / tvehte$ Sie jerrt^en baben. 

Which paj>er 1 '1 he same which They torn have. 

22e(cbem 33ebtentcn gaben Ste ben Sluftrag ? I'eirtfetben, 

To which servant gave They the order: To the same 

n>e(cber Sie bcbicnt bat. 2Vctcber #ran itbcrgaben 2te ben 

who Them served has. To which woman delivered They the 

S3rtef? £erfe(ben, tvelcbe mtr bte £bur cffnete. 2£c(cbcm 

letter ? To the same who to me the door opened. To which 

$mbe fcbcnftcn ©te ba3 33ucb ? Eemfclbcn, bcflcn 

child pre-ented They the book 1 To the same whose 

@cfrfncf(tcMctt Ste bmnmbcrtcn, SGBelcfoen SSttef babcn gie 

ability They admired. Which letter have They 

erbrocbcn ? Senfelben, rocfcben ber 25ricftragcr mtr gcbracbt 

opened ! The same which the lctter-carr.er to me brought 

bat. 23c[cbe Tame babcn Ste mtterricbtct ? Siefelfce, 

has. Which lady have They instructed ? The same 

wcfcbe fo gut beutfcb fprtd)t 3KMd)e ?ojfel? Jtcfclbcn, 

who so well German speaks. Which spoons 1 The same 

wetcbe cwf bem £tfcbe liegcn. Stejettor, rodcbc 2te gefauft 

which on to the table lie. The same which They bought 

baben. SKit iDeldjett .fttnfcern fptelt "sbr ftetner SSruber ? 

have. With to which children plays Their little brother ? 

93vtt benfelben, xvcicbe Ste mttgebracbt babcn. Sr fagte 

Wi'h to the :ame whom They with brought have. He said 

fcaflel6e, was toiv von Slnterit gebert batten. 

the same what we from to others heard had, 

Which shoemaker ? The same who has made your 
shoes. Which seamstress? The same who has made 
your cloak. Which child ? The same that was here 
just now. Which dog ? The same that has bitten you. 
Which cat ? The same that is running there. Which 
paper ? The same that you have torn. To which 
servant did you give the order? To the same who has 
served you. To which woman did you deliver the 
letter ? To the same who opened the door for me. 
To which child did you present the book ? To the 
same whose ability you admired. Which letter did you 
open? The same that the letter-carrier brought me. 
4* 



82 



EASY LESSONS IX GERMAN. 



Which lady have yon instructed ? The same who 
speaks German so well. Which spoons ? The same 
that are lyirfg on the table. The same that you have 
bought. With which children is your little brother 
playing ? With the same whom you have brought 
along. He said the same that we had heard from 
others. 



SDer, tie, 
may be used instead of, 

£tefer, biefe, 
Setter, jjene, 
£erjemge, biejemge, 

And instead of 

n>efd>er, tt>e(d)c, 

in cases like the following ; 

£er 5ftann, twtcfter (ber), 
2Me gran, roetcbe (fcie), 
:£a3 ,fttnb, "roetcheS (bag), 
2 N erfentge / tt>elcber (ber), 
Shejenicje, melcbe (fete), 
£asjemge, wefcfjeg (ba$), 
^Derfetfre, roefcber (fcer), 
25tefelbe, roefcbe (tie), 
£a$felbe, welched v ba3), 



bag, 

btefeg, this. 

jeneS, that, 
basjemge, that, 

toetcfreg, 

the man who. 
the woman who, 
the child which, 
he who. 
she who. 
that which. 

> the same who. 

the same which. 



DECLENSION OF 

wetcfcer (ber), toetche (bte), toeld}e$ (bag), 

when used as above. 



Masc. 



Singular. 

Fern. 



Xeut. 



Nom. SEBelcfter (ber), wefche (bte), toefcfyeS (bag). 

Gen. Stiffen, berett, bejteiu 

Dat. 9Beld)em (bent), wefcfter (ber), roefebem (bem), 

Ace. 2Beld)en (ben), rceldie (bte), roe(d)eg (ba$). 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 83 

Plural 

Of the three genders, 

Nom. SSMdje (tie). 

Gen. Derem 

Dat. Denen* 

Ace. SQSefcftc (bte)* 

Der (btefer) £cfcg> Diefe (bte) ftttty. 3ptefe$ (bag) spferb* 

The (this) ox. This (the) cow. This (the) horse. 

Dtefeg (bag) SWeffer. ©eben Ste mir ben (biefen) ?offef. 

This the" knife. Give They to me the (this) spoon. 

Sefett Sie bte (biefe) SBitcber ? 3n ben (biefen) 35ndberm 

Read They the (these) hooks ? In to the (to these) books. 

3n bem (btefem) Senate. Sin bem (btefem) £age* Der 

In to the (to this) month. On to the (to that) day. The 

(jener) fjfitg* Die (jene) 2rf)rift Dag (jeneg) £iitrfn Der 

(that) place. The (that) writing. The (that; cloth. The 

(berjentge) SJlann, n>e(cfrer axbeitet Die (btejemge) $ran, 

(that) man who works. The (that) woman 

tfletdje rite! iff. Dag (bagjenige) £inb, wetcbeg geberfam ift 

who vain is. The (that) child which obedient is. 

Tie (biejenigen) fente, tt>e(cbe gegemt>arttg ttarem Der 

The (those) people who . present were. The 

(berjentge) ©cbn, ber (tt>e(cber) bem SSater geborcfyh Die 

(that) son the (who) to the father obeys. The 

(btejenige) £ocbter, ttefabe (bte) tie SDtotfer fcerebrt Dag 

(that) daughter who (the) the mother reveres. The 

(bagjenige) $inb, toefcbeg (bag) artig ift. Tie gran, beren 

(that) child which (the! kind is. The woman whose 

Zod)tev er beiratbet Der 93iamt, beffen Scbn franf tfh 

daughter he marries. The man whose son sick is. 

3cf) acbte ?ente, beren ©runbfa&e gut (mb. Dag Such, befleit 

I esteem people whose principles good are. The boo ■■ whose 

3nba(t Sie fenrien. SSte beip en bte ^erfenen, beren S3etragen 

contents They know. How are called the persons whose conduct 

Sbncn migftetf 3Bo roebnett tie -airmen, benen n>ir -®efb 

to them displeased ? Where live the poor people to whom we money 

gaben ? Stennen Sie bte Damen, benen txnr begegneten ? 

gave ? Know They the ladies to whom we met ? 

@g i\i berfefbe $nabe, welder (ber) gefrent bier war. %i) 

It is the same boy who (the) yesterday here was. I 

lefe btefetbe Sefte, tozlfyt (tie) @ie getefen baben. Dafietbe 

read the same page which (the) They read have. The same 

25fott, welcbeg (bag) gerriffeit iff/ 

leaf which (the) torn is- 



84 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Obs. When the words ber, bte, bag, &c are thus sub- 
stituted for pronouns they are pronounced with em- 
phasis, to distinguish them from the definite article. 

This ox. This cow. This horse. This knife. Give 
me this spoon. Read these books. In these books. 
In this month. On that day. That place. That writ- 
ing. That cloth. That man who works. That woman 
who is vain. That child which is obedient. Those 
people who were present. That son who obeys his 
father. That daughter who reveres her mother. That 
child which is kind. The woman whose daughter he 
marries. That man whose son is sick. I esteem people 
whose principles are good. The book whose contents 
you are acquainted with. What are the names of the 
persons whose conduct displeased you ? Where live 
the poor people to whom we gave money ? Are you 
acquainted with the ladies whom we met ? It is the 
same boy who was here yesterday. I am reading the 
same page which you have read. The same leaf which 
is torn. 



Sefien, of this, of that, of it. 

Serer, of those. 

£eren, of them. 

Senen, to those. 

3d) freue mid) beffen. £aS Slnbenfett berer, fete ttng 

I joy myself of that. The memory of those who to us 

®ute$ erotefett fyafcen. Ser XaM berer, bt'e un3 lieben. 

good shown have. The censure of those who us love. 

3d) banfe benen, bte fid) nur gefatfig emeifen. ©eben 

I thank to those who themselves to me obliging show. Give 

©ie mtr etnige ttcm benen, bte (2ie mix ge^etgt tjaben. $>aben 

They to me a few of to those which They to me shown have. Have 

@te fcuefe Sdntfer ? 3d) l>abe beren nur roemge* 

They many pupils 1 I have of them only a few. 

1 am glad of that. The memory of those who have 
done us favours. The censure of those who love us. 
I am grateful towards those who do me favours. Give 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 85 

me a few of those which you have shown me. Have 
you many pupils ? I have only a few, 



Masc. 3>rgenb em, ) 

Fem. Srgetfk cine, > all y* 

Neut. Jrgenb etit, ) 

Masc, 3rgenb enter, ) 

Fem. Srgenb erne, V any one. 

Neut. 3^nb eines, ) 

3rgenb ettr»a3, anything, 

Srgenb em grennb* Sfgenb etner* Srgenb etne $vau. 

Any a friend. Any one. Any a woman. 

3rgerib etne* S^genb etn 93Jdbcften. 3fgenb etne3. Srgenfc 

Any one. Any a girl. Any one. Any 

em SSanm. 3rgenb etner. Srgenb etne Strafe, S^genb 

a tree. Any one. Any a street. Any 

etne. Srgenb em 9#e(Tei\ Srgenb etne3. 3rgenb em>a£* 

one. Any a knife. Any one. Any something. 

3rgenb eitva$ D?ene3* Die §uffe trgenb eme£ grennbe^ 

Any something new. The help of any a friend. 

£te ©egenrcart trgenb enter gran ober trgenb eme£ tyiatdjenS. 

The presence of any a woman or any a girl. 

©efcen Sie ben 33rief trgenb einem 23ncbha(ter. 3^9 en 2te 

Give They the letter to any a clerk. &how They 

ba$ Xud) trgenb enter gran ober trgenb etnem 93?dbcfaem 

the handkerchief to any a woman or to any a girl. 

(grfmetben Ste ci mit trgenb etnem 9^e)|er. D?nfen Ste 

Cut They it with to any a knife. Cali They 

trgenb etnen grennb. 5Bdb(en Ste trgenb etne Stimbe. 

any a friend. Cho >se They any an hour. 

®e6en Ste mtr trgenb etn 33ncK £emmen Ste jii trgenb 

Give They to me any a hook. Come They at to any 

enter Sett. ' Ste fonnen btcfen itrtifel m trgenb einem gafeeit 

a time. They can this article in to any a store 

baben. 

have. 

Any friend. Any one. Any woman. Any one. 
Any girl. Any one. Any tree. Any one. Any 
street. Any one. Any knife. Any one. Anything. 
Anything new. The assistance of any friend. The 



86 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

presence of any woman or any girl. Give the letter 
to any clerk. Show the handkerchief to any woman 
or any girl. Cut it with any knife. Call any friend. 
Choose any hour. Give me any book. Come at any 
time. You can have this article' at any store. 



Masc. %ebev, 1 every, each, any, 
Fem. !3ebe, > every one, any 
Neut. 3eke3 r j one > either. 

3eber$na6e* 3eter- 3ebe£erf)ter* 3ebe. Sebeg $tnb* 

Every boy. Every one. Every daughter. Every one. Ever}' chili. 

3fbe3* 3^cr Don intS bat e3 gefeben* @3 tji eta fpfetlcr 

Every one hach of to us has it seen. It is a pillar 

<wf jeber ©ette. ©te faint jebeg beutfrfje 33ucb lefem £te 

on to ea?h side. She can any German book read. The 

betben $naben befamen emeu Eetfar jeber. Sebeg Don biefen 

both bovs received one doilar each. Each of to these 

83itd)ent tjl tiitgltd)* dv befitcfyt ung jebett £ag etnmal. 

books is useful. He visits us every day once. 

3?ber Don tbnen weip e& 3^ber do« biefen betben 2Begen 

Any one of to them know* it Either of to these both roads 

fttbrt tit bte ©tabt, Sffitr QCiben jebem fiinf £>ol(ar$* $eber 

leads into the town. ' We gave to each five dollars Anyone 

Kon btcfen bret Jlnabeu tann e$ tbmu ©te fomtett ju jeber 

of to these three boys can it do. They can at to any 

3eit babtn gebem 

time thither go. 

Every boy. Every one. Every daughter. Every 
one. Every child. Every one. Each of us saw it. 
There is a pillar on each side. She can read any Ger- 
man book The two boys received one dollar each. 
Each of these books is useful. He caiis upon us once 
every day. Any one of them knows it. Either of 
these roads leads into town. We gave five dollars to 
each. Any one of these three boys can do it. You 
may go thither at any time. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 87 

Mnsc. Fern. Npqt. 

©iter, cine, etneg, ? either 

©net) erne, tiimS Don betben, S 

©ner btefer betben Stitbte. ©ne btefer betben Ubrem 

One of these both chairs. One of these both watches, 

©neg btefer betben ^Jferbe. (Sine ber betben >parteten. @tner 

One of these both horses One of the both parties. One 

Don ung bat Unrecfyt, Ste ober id). Diebmen Ste etne Don 

of +o us has wrong They or I. Take They one of 

btefen $n>et $ebem. Gnner Don metnen 35ritbern rmrb fommen* 

to these two pens. One of to ray brothers will come. 

Either of these chairs. Either of these watches. 
Either of these horses. Either of the parties. Either 
of us is wrong, you or I. Take either of these pens, 
Either of my brothers will come. 



$em, feme, fetn, not any, no. 
Reiner, feme, fetne^, no one, none. 
Reiner, feme, feme3 Don betben, neither. 

Mein SMenfrf). Reiner, petite <&tabt. Steine. Stein 

No man. None. No town. None No 

?anb. $cmeg* $eme $tnber. petite. Reiner untgte e3* 

country. None. No ch liren. None No one knew it. 

(£r febonte fetnetf grennbe^ 3d) ermnere mid) fetner 

He spared of no friend I remember myself of no 

grennbm btefe^ 9?amen3. gagen Ste e3 fetnem SMenfchem 

friend of this name. Tell They it to no man. 

SBBtr begegneten feiner $ran. SOBtr fpracfyen nut fetner* 3cf) 

We met to no woman. We spoke wi;h to none. I 

fenne fetnen gebneiber in btefer <Ztakt. 3d) fuebe fetnen. 

know no tailor in to this town. 1 seek none. 

&abm Ste SSrob ? 3d) babe fetnem Xvinfen Sfe £bee ? 

Have They bread! I have none. Drink They teal 

3d) trtnfe fetnen. £aben (Ete etne Settling ? 3d) babe 

I drink none. Have They a newspaper. I have 

feme. 3d) roar bet fetnem grennbe. 3d) gebe jn fetnem. 

none. I was at to no friend. I go to to none. 

©ie bat feme 9iabelm SSrancfym ©te gebern ? 3d) brancbe 

She has no needles. Want They pens ? I want 

feme. £a3 Stini bat feme Scbnbe. 3d) erroartete jn>et 

none. The child has no shoes: I expected two 



88 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

^rennbe, aber fetner t>on betben tarn. 3tf) fyah fetnen mil 

friends but none of to both came. I have none of 

betben gefetyem @r gab mtr jn>et 23itd)er, aber fetneg fcon 

to both seen. He gave to me two books but none of 

betben wax nnterbaltenb* dv tyat $n>et £anfer, aber er nntf 

to both was amusing He has two houses, but he is willing 

fetner Don betben vevfaufen. $etne ber betben ©ctyroeftew 

none of to both to sell. None of the both sisters 

bat gefnngen* Reiner ber betben £erren tft mnftfalifcf)* 3d) 

has sung. None of the both gentleman is musical. I 

tt>ar m fetner ber betben (gtdbte* Reiner fcon nn6 beiben t)at 

was in none of the both cities. None of to us both has 

eg getfyan* $etneg Don btefen betben ^pferben tfi bitbfrf), 

it done. None of to these both horses is pretty. 

No man. No one. No city. None. No country*. 
None. No children. None. No one knew it. He 
spared no friend. I do not remember any friend of this 
name. Do not tell it to any man. We did not meet 
any woman. We did not speak to any one. I do not 
know any tailor in this town. I am not looking for any 
one. Have you any bread ? I have none. Do you 
drink tea ? I do not drink any. Have you a news- 
paper ? I have none. I was with no friend. I am 
not going to any one. She has no needles. Do you 
want any pens ? 1 do not want any. The child has 
no shoes. 1 expected two friends, but neither came. 
I have not seen either. He ga.ve me two books, but 
neilher was amusing. He has two houses, but he is not 
willing to sell either. Neither of the sisters sung. 
Neither of the two gentlemen plays on any instrument 
of music. I have not been in either of the two cities. 
Neither of us has done it. Neither of these two horses 
is pretty. 



Nom. S3etbe, both, bte beiben, the two. 

Gen. SSeiDer, of both, ber betben, of the two. 

Dat. S?eiben, to both, ben betben, to the two. 

Ace. SSetbe, both, bte betben, the two. 
SBetbeg, both things. 

SSetbe (grfjroefkrn ffnb fcerfyetratfyet £ie betben Scfywe* 

Both sisters are married. The both sis- 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 89 

flew tt>of)ttett fyter* Ste beiben SSriiber fmb an&jegangem 

ters live here. The both brothers are out gone. 

@r fprarf) mtt beiben. Sag 2>ermogen ber beiben 23ruber 

He spoke with to both. The fortune of the b th brothers 

iff fel)r bebentenb* 3n ©egenwart beiber* S:icv ffnb gwei 

is very significant. In presence of both. Here are two 

SSrtcfe, lefeh ©ie beibe. $>abm S-te bie beiben SBrtefe gelefeit ? 

letters, read They both. Have They the both letters read % 

®tc beibe fohnen fyingebem SB3tr beibe bletben bier. 

They both can thither go. We both remain here. 

SJietne beiben §&nbe* 9Btr nxtren bei betben grennben* 

My both hands. We were at to both friends. 

908tr fyaben mtt ben beiben gremben gefprodjcn. Sie fonnen 

We have with to the both strangers spoken. They can 

in beibe £aufer gefyem S&etcfyer Don beiben ? Sie roar 

into both houses go. Which of to both 1 She was 

finger ate eine t)on nn£ beiben. 5Qo tjl nttin §ut unto nteme 

more prudent than one of to us both. Where is my hat a id my 

903efte ? £ier ift beiben SRebmen Sie jeneri S3rief imb jeneS 

waistcoat'? Here is both. Take They that letter and that 

S5ittet 3d) babe betbe^* £aben ©te 3br 93ud) nnb 3bre 

note. I have both. Have They Their book and Their 

©rf)iefertafe( ? 3d) babe beibe^ 

slate 1 I have both. 

Both sisters are married. Both sisters live here. Both 
brothers have gone out. He spoke to both The for- 
tune of both brothers is very large. In the presence of 
both. Here are two letters, read both. Have you 
read both of the letters ? Both of you may go thither. 
Both of us will remain here. Both my hands. We 
were with both friends. We have spoken to both of 
the strangers. You may go into both houses. Which 
of the two ? She was more prudent than either of us, 
Where is my hat and my waistcoat ? Here are both. 
Take that letter and that note ? I have both. Have 
you your book and your slate ? I have both. 



Masc. Fern. Neut. 

Sitter, atte, aUe$, ail. 
Sttte, ail, every. 
Silled, every thing. 

Obs. Sitter, e, g, is declined like the definite article, 



90 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Sitter SErojfc Strre ftoffmutg. 2lttc$ Harnett. 2(ttc bte 

All consolation. AU hope All warning All the 

©a ile. fH?tr fmb a((e ba geroefen. Sllfe feme gfeuttfee* SfiBtr 

guests We are all there been. All h's friends We 

affe heben tbiu Side [cine Winter. £te 3itfriebenbett Sltfer* 

all love him. All his children- The satisfaction of all. 

25te 3ctb( alter ®a(Je. £er 9iatb alter fetner grennbe* SDfe 

The number of all guests. The -advice of all his friends. The 

(Srgtelumg a Her fetner gutter. Qa$ gefief 2(tfen. ©agen 

education of all hi; children. That pleased to all. Tell 

<2te eg alien Sbren ftrennben/ 3^) fenne atfe feme gutter. 

They it to all Their i'r ends 1 know all his children. 

M metn ©elb* 2itt feme £offmmg, 2111 mem £rcjl. @r 

All my money All his hope. All my consolation. He 

wctjj &He0. Me$ ill aerforen. S(tte Sabre. 3ltte gjtorgen. 

k lows all. All is lost. All years. All mornings. 

Sltfe 2l6cnb. 2ltte brei £age. Sltte jwei ©fimben. 

All evenings. All three days. All two hours. 

All consolation. All hope. All morning. All the 
guests. All of as were there. All his friends. All of 
us love him. All his children. The satisfaction of all. 
The number of all the guests. The advice of all his 
friends. The education of all his children. That 
pleased all. Tell it to ail your friends. I know all his 
children. All my money. All his hope. All my con- 
solation. He knows every thing. All is lost. Every 
year. Every morning. Every evening. Every three 
days. Every two hours. 



Masc. Fein. Neut. 

Sing, ©ntger, etmge, etntgeg, some. 

pj { (Smtge, some, a few. 

ar ' l 5Dfebre r or mebrere, several. 
Obs. (Siniger, e,e$, is declined like the definite article, 
©niger 3*tcfet\ ©mge 9?ut)e. -©nigeS Del StnigeS 

Some sugar. Some rest Some oil. Some 

?eben. ®nu$e grennbe* @{nfge metner 93efanntem @tmge 

life. Several friends. Several of my acquaintances. Some 

Don btefen ?eutem £te ©egenwart emtger greunbe* %n 

of to these people. The presence of some friends. In 

eimgeu ?dnbern. ©te fanfte emige 2lepfe(. ©ie bat mebrere 

to a few countries. She bought a few apples. She has several 

3et'd)nungem SEtr baben mebrere 3twmer* 

drawings. We have several rooms. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 91 

Some sugar. Some rest. Some oil. Some life. 
Several friends. Several of my acquaintances. Some 
of these people. Tiie presence of some friends. In a 
few countries. She bought a few apples. She has 
several drawings. We have several rooms. 



-QrtttXtS, some, something, anything. 
9&&fify nothing. 

®xva$ SBein* @ttt>a$ Sfilild). (£twa$ 3?roi\ 3d) 6rattrf)e 

Some wine Some m Ik. Some bread. I want 

etoa3 papier imb etxva$ Zinte. Shaken gte etxva$ ftitfcfdjcg ? 

some paper and some ink Have They anything pretty % 

S)abm Ste ettva$ ©ute^ ? SBtffett (Etc etroati 9ieite3 ? 

Have They something good 1 Know They anything new 1 ? 

@ebert ©te mtr ettva$ ©e[b. (§ffm Ste gem etwag S-aureS ? 

Give They to me some money. Eat They gladly something sour! 

Sffittt er ettva$ ? Qv xviil tudht$* 3d) tranche nirftfg. @$ 

Wants he anything A He wants nothing. 1 want nothing. It 

ifi md)t$ ©ewobnttcfyeS* Grr gab nttr mcbtS ©cbatlidje^ 

is nothing common. He gave to me nothing injurious. 

Some wine. Some milk. Some bread. I want 
some paper and some ink. Have yon anything pretty ? 
Have yon anything good ? Do yon know of anything 
new ? Give me some money. Do you likn something 
sour? Does he want anything? He does not want 
anything. I do not want anything. It is nothing 
common. He gave me nothing injurious. 



Masc. Fern. Nent. 

Sing, mm; »eW>e, ttefcfp*, j so 
93raucf)en Ste ^apter? £ter tft n>e[ite3 + Shaken @fe 

Want They paper ] Here is some Have They 

Staffce? $iev \)l wetdjew ftaben 2-ie Gutter? j^ter tfl 

coffee 1 Here is some. Have They butter 1 Here is 

ttekfye. 33rcwcf)en (Ste £bec ? 3rf) brcmdie \vcUi)ext. 

some. Want They teal I want some. 

SErinfen <£te miid) ? Set) trtnfe weMie. gffen ©te gfeifcfj ? 

Drink They milk 1 I drink some. Eat They meat 1 



92 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

3cf) efie tt>efd)e3* £aben (£te (2rf)itbe? 3d) babe welcfje. 

I eat some. Have They shoes 1 I have some 

S?at er spferfce ? @r hat welcfye. 

Has he horses 1 He has some. 

Do you want any paper ? Here is some. Have you 
any coffee ? Here is some. Have you any butter ? 
Here is some. Do you want any tea ? I want some. 
Do you drink milk ? I drink some. Do you eat meat ? 
I eat some. Have you any shoes ? I have some. 
Has he any horses ? He has some. 



SStet, much, many. 

SSiete, many. 

SBBentg, little, few. 

SEemge, few. 
@m roenig, a little. 

©emig, enough. 

SSemger, less, fewer. 

SSiet SRefo aSiel ©erjle* SStel £eiu Sffiemg ^ftffer. 

Much rice. Much barley. Much hay. Little pepper. 

SOBentg 95riit>e* SOSentg gleifdn SBetn gemtg. SSaximwotte 

Little broth. Little meat Wine enough Cotton 

gemtg. Staffer gemtg* 2*itcf)er gemtg. SfBcnig ^ferfce. 

enough. Water enough. Books enough. Few horses. 

503emg S3nrfier* SEBentg $reurtt>e* ©eben Sfe mtr em tt>emg* 

Few books. Few friends. Give They to me a little. 

©te baben tbm gemtg gegebeiu @te baben rnele ^(etber, id) 

They have to him enough given. They have manv clothe*, I 

babe nnr woemge* Stele ©olbaten. * 9iet)tnen Ste fo tne( ate 

have only few. Many soldiers. Take They so much as 

Ste tt>clten* 3d) (efe tttcf>t 33tele3, font em trieL SBBeiuger 

They wish. I read not many things, but much. Less 

Sdjfof. SSemger greube. Sffienigcr SBergniigeiu SBcniger 

sleep. Less yj. Less pleasure. Fewer 

SMtcfyer* SOBemger -greunbe* SSemger ©amen ate fterrem 

books. Fewer friends. Fewer ladies than gentlemen. 

Sffiemger 93uct)cr ate ©emdfre. SBentger £bee ate $affee. 

Fewer books than portraits. Less tea than c.'»Jiee. 

SBBeniger Mud)m ate SSrob. £er mete 9?egen. 3Dic tnele 

Less cake than bread. The much rain. The much 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 93 

Stt^e. £aS inefe SDBafier, Tic melon Serttrihfe* sfflcin 

soup. The much water. The many reproaches My 

Dteler Sffieuu getne Dtele 83aimtroottc* ©eiti meleg ©eto* 

much wine. His much cotton. His much money. 

Tcv roenige £abact Tie roentge 9D?ettcm* Sem tt>emgeg 

The little tobacco The little medicine. His little 

SSermogeiu SKeine roentgen greunbe* 

fortune My few friends. 

Obs. 25tet and toent'g when preceded by an article or 
a possessive pronoun, are inflected like adjectives, (see 
declension of adjectives). 

Much rice. A good deal of barley. A good deal of 
hay. Little pepper. Little broth. Little meat. 
Enough wine. Enough cotton. Enough water. 
Enough books. Few horses. Few books. Few 
friends. Give me a little. You have given him enough. 
You have many clothes, I have only a few. Many 
soldiers. Take as much as you like. I do not read a 
great many things, but much. Less sleep. Less joy. 
Less pleasure. Fewer books. Fewer friends. Fewer 
ladies than gentlemen. Fewer books than portraits. 
Less tea than coffee. Less cake than bread. The 
abundance of rain. The abundance of soup. The 
abundance of water. The many reproaches. My 
abundance of wine. His abundance of cotton. His 
abundance of money. The small quantity of tobacco. 
The small quantity of medicine. His small fortune. 
My few friends. 



9Webr, more. 9tcd) mcbv, some more. 

rlur. 9tort) welcfye, S 

ci- \ Mem feiite, fern ntebr, } rt ■ _„_ - f ov>Tr 
Sin Z- *©*«£, *™i/ *p,w nt/h* (no more, not any 



A 



more. 



I Sjttvnet, feme, feiueS mefyr, 
Phtr. petite mejjf, 

9D?et)r (5>etb. ^flebv mfjel 5)M)r Stypettt* $M)r £otj* 

More money. More rest. More appetite. More wood. 

SOJebr ©o(b ate ei(6er. 3Ref>r gmmbe ate gembe. 3d) 

More gold than silver. More friends than enemies. I 



94 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 

brand)? nod) ©eft). 3d) tranche nod) it>e(rf)e3* $>ahen ©ie 

want yet money I want yet some. Have They 

nod) ©rob ? ©eben Ste mir nod) 5Baffcr> frier tft nod) 

yet bread 1 Give They to me yet water. Here is yet 

iwlcfyeg. #aben Ste tnele SBudjer? Srf) babe mebr alS 

some. Have They many books % I have more than 

mem SBruber. $?at er nod/n>elcbe ? £aben Sie nod) itinte ? 

my brother. Has he yet some 1 Have They yet inkl 

3d) babe feme June mebr. 3d) babe feme mebr* 3d) babe 

I have no ink more 1 have none more. I have 

nocf) tt>elcf)e. £aben Sie nod) g(eifd) ? Set) babe fern g(etfd) 

yet some. Have They yet meat? I have no meat 

mebr. S'"f) babe fetneg mebr. &aben @ie nod) 2Bem? 3d) 

more. I have none more. Have They yet wine 1 I 

babe nod) tt>eldien. £ter tfi nod) wetdjer* SSrauchen Ste 

have yet some. Here is yet some. Want They 

nod) ©enmrg ? 3d) brcmrfje fetne$ mebr. £aben Sie nod) 

yet spice 1 I want none more. Have They yet 

etntge gefcern ? 3d) babe feme mebr. SSBietriel ©elb baben 

a few pensl I have none more. How much money have 

Sie nod) ? 3d) babe nod) frinf £otfar£. frabm (Bfe* fern 

They yet 1 I have yet five dollars. Have They no 

©elb mebr ? 3d) bftbe"femeg mebr. $anfen Sie nod) emtge 

money morel I have none more. Buv They yet a fe"^ 

ftemben ? 3d) femfe feme tnebr* Stiffen ©te nod) emtge 

shirts 1 I buy none more. Know They yet a few 

SEBorter ? 3d) wctg feme mebr. 3d) rc>et$ nod) roeldje. 

words 1 I know none more. I know yet some. 

Obs. More is translated by nod) in an affirmative 
sentence, and by mebr in a negative sentence. JJod) 
precedes the word it qualifies and mebr follows it. 9tod) 
also stands at the end of a phrase in an interrogative sen- 
tence like, UBtetnel baben ©te nod) ? 

More money. More rest. More appetite. More 
wood. More gold than silver. More friends than 
enemies. I want more money. I want some more. 
Have you any more bread ? Give me some more 
water. Here is some more. Have you many books ? 
I have more than my brother. Has he some more ? 
Have you any more ink? I have no more ink. I 
have some more. Have you any more- meat ? I have 
no more meat. I have no more. Have you some 
more wine ? I have some more. Here is some more. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 95 

Do you want any more spice ? I want no more. Have 
you a few more pens ? I have no more. How much 
more money have you ? I have five dollars more. 
Have you no more money ? I have no more. Do you 
buy a few more shirts? I buy no more. Do you 
know a few more words. I know no more, I know 
some more. 



SDtefejr; fctefe, fctefes?, this or the latter. 
Setter, jene, jeneg, that or the former. 

SKMcfieS - son bfefetj itucfcern jiefceh ©ie »or? (3tefcen 

Which of to the- e handkerchiefs draw They before 1 (Do 

Ste fcer?) 3d) jtebe btefeg jencm tfoiv (Set) giebe Dor.) 

They prefer 1) I craw this to that before. (I prefer.) 

SEdMen Ste untcr btcfen SBliimett, itebmen Sie ttefc cber jcne, 

Choose They amorg to these flowers, take They these or those. 

SDtefeg ^Jferb gefattt mir bejjer ate jerttf* liefer 21pfet ifl 

This horse pleases to me better than that. This apple is 

fcefier ate jeuer* £tefe Strncu ftnb wctcfrer ate jene* 3d) 

better than that. These pears are mellower than those. I 

babe Sobcum imb Scpbte gefeben ; btcfe trar im goujerte 

have John and Sophia seen ; this was in to the concert 

unb jencr im Zbeatev. 9)icm ©ruber unb metne grfwefier 

and that in to the theatre. My brother and m}~ sister 

ttaren franf ; jener batte bte SKafern unb btcfe em gtefcer, 

were sick ; that had the measles and this a fever. 

93etbe, SEbeober imb £ctnricb fmb metne ©ruber ; jener tft 

Both, Theodore and Henry are my brothers ; that is 

ad)t %abv ait imb btefer jebn. 

eight years old and this ten. 

Which of these handkerchiefs do you prefer? I prefer 
this to that. Choose among these flowers, take these 
or those. I like this horse better than that. This 
apple is better than that. These pears are mellower 
than those. I saw John and Sophia; the latter was 
at the concert and the former at the theatre. My bro- 
ther and my sister were sick ; the former had the mea- 
sles and the latter a fever. Both Theodore and Henry 
are my brothers ; the former is eight years old and the 
latter ten, 



96 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

£er, tie, bag, erne, the one. 
£er, bte, bag, anbere, the other. 

Ser cine ift jit fttrj, ber anbcre ju fang. £>te etne tjl ju 

The one is 100 short, the other too long. The one is too 

alt, bit anbere ijt jit jttng* Sag etne tjl gut, bag anbere 

old, the other is too young. The one is good, the other 

tfi fcfyecfyt* 22o ftnb 3bre betben SSritber? Ser etne tjl 

is bad. Where are i heir two brothers 1 The one is 

im £immev, ter anbere tfi anggegangem 2Bag tfyun 3bre 

in to the room, the ether is outgone. What do Their 

(Sdhu>eftern ? 2Me eine mty, bte ant ere ftttft Ser eine bat 

sisters 1 The one sews, the other embroiders. The one has 

fcejablt, ber anbere unit ntergen bejahlen. 3d) babe jn>et 

paid the other is willing to-morrow to pay. I have two 

spferbe gefauft; bag etne foftet fttttf jig Cellar £, bag anbere 

horses bought : the one costs fifty dollars, the other 

bretptg* dv \jat gn>ei jlnaben, ber etne betft Qrbuarb, ber 

thirty. He has two boys, the one is called Edward, the 

anbere fiaxL 

other Charles. 

The one is too short, the other too long. The one 
is too old, the other too young. The one is good, the 
other is bad. Where are your two brothers ? The 
one is in the room, the other has gone out. What are 
your sisters doing? The one is sewing, the other is 
embroidering. The one has paid, the other is willing 
to pay to-morrow. I have bought two horses ; the 
one cost fifty dollars and the other thirty. He has 
two boys ; ttie name of the one is Edward and that of 
the other Charles. 



5tfancber, tnancfye, mancbeg, many a, many a one. 
SWandje, many, some. 

9Dtancf)er SDtamu 9D?anrf)er. 5D?anrf)e Tame. Sftancfye. 

Many a man. Many a one Many a lady. Many a one. 

3Q?amteg Mn& SKanrtcg, 9)ianrf)e ?ente* SKandje. 

Many a child Many a one. Many a people. Many. 

9Kand)eg SWenfcfyett ©htd 3Kand)er Same Slnjug, 25tc 

Many a man's fortune. Many a lady's dress. The 

(grgtebnng mancbeg Jvinbeg* dv bat mancfyem SJrmen gefyolfem 

education of many a child. He has to many a poor man helped. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 97 

Steel gefdfft martlet 2tame* £te ©efdtttgfett ntancfyer gepte, 

That pleases to many a lady. The complaisance of many people. 

9Kand)cn ?euten fel)(t ed am SRotbtgftetu 3d) fcerftebe 

To many people fails it on to the most necessary. I understand 

mcmdje Sffierte* £a3 tjl ber ©efcraud) in ntattcfyen gatntften* 

many words. That is the custom in to many families. 

Many a man. Many a one. Many a lady. Many 
a one. Many a child. Many a one. Some people. 
Some. The fortune of many a man. The dress of 
many a lady. The education of many a child. He 
has assisted many a poor man. That pleases many a 
lady. The complaisance of some people. Many people 
are wanting the most necessary things. I understand 
some words. That is the custom in many families. 



©ofdjer, fofdje, foldjeJ, such. 
©oltf> em, fold) erne, fold) em, ? suc h a 
©nfoldjer, emefolcfye, em fofdjeg, 5 " 

©ofdjer 3ttrirm ©ofcfye ©etbe* ©oldie^ ^Better. ©otd)e 

Such thread. Such silk. Such weather. Such 

${etbet\ ©o(d) em $att Sin folcfjer ^reunb. ©old) erne 

clothes. Such a case. A such friend. Such an 

SDWnnng* ©ne felcfje 2tnttt>ort* Sold) em SSertatgen* 

opinion. A such answer. Such a demand. 

©n foldjeg £bten (gelcfye SSriefe* £er 9>ret$ fofdjeg 3 UC ^3* 

A such animal. Such letters. The price of such sugar. 

£er ©efdnnatf fofcfyer gfetfcfybrnbe* £er @enu$ foldjeg 

The taste of such broth. The use of such 

gletfcfye^ £er Zvoft emeS foldjen grcunfce& 2>cr ©obn 

meat. The consolation of a such friend. The son 

etner folcfjen SDJutter* St'e ©tern -euteg fofcfjen $mbe& ©n 

of a such mother. The parents of a such child. A 

3entner Don fotcfyem 3utfer* ©uppe Don fofdjem $(etfd)e* 

hundred-weight of to such sugar. Soup of to such meat. 

9tdl)en ©ie mit feldjcr ©ctbe ? SOBoDfen ©te felcfyeg papier 

Sew They with to such silk 1 Will They such paper 

fanfen ? £aben ©te fd)en fofcfje ©cfyntetferftnge gefet)en ? 

buy 1 Have They already such butterflies seen 1 

£er SBerfanf fo(d)er SiSaaretu @e{)t er mit foldben ^perfonen 

The sale of such goods. Goes he with to such persons. 

urn ? 3d) acfyte fotcfye Seute* 

about 1 I esteem such people, 

5 



98 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Such thread. Such silk. Such weather. Such 
clothes. Such a case. Such a friend. Such an 
opinion. Such an answer. Such a demand. Such 
an animal. Such letters. The price of such sugar. 
The taste of such broth. The use of such meat. The 
consolation of such a friend. The son of such a mother. 
The parents of such a child. A hundred weight of 
such sugar. Soup of such moat. Do you sew with 
such silk. Will you buy such paper ? Have you 
already seen such butterflies ? The sale of such goods. 
Does "he associate with such persons ? I esteem such 
people. 



ADJECTIVES, 

THE ADJECTIVE REFERRING TO A NOUN. 

£er 95?amt ift gut. Ta$ Setter ifi fd)on. £iefe $rcm 

The man is good. The weather is fair. This woman 

tft arm. £er Dd)S ifi fett. £ie SDtau* ift Heitr. SKera 

is poor, The ox is fat. The mouse is little. My 

spferb ifi a\U 3br Midt> ifi ^fijjfidj. £cr Strirf ifi fang. 

horse is old. Her dress is ugly. The rope is long. 

2Me Dtetfe n>ar fur j. 2>er finahe ijl franf* £iefe$ S3ud) ifi 

The journey was short. The boy is sick. This book is 

nu|P)* Wlein Setter Ifi retd). £ag 9SJ?dbd)en tfl gefdndt 

useful. My cousin is rich The girl is skilful. 

£iefe SReirigfeti tfl mtr angenebm. 3ener 9fftann tfl blxnb. 

This news is to me agreeable. That man is blind. 

£iefe£ SSaffer tfl fehr fitf?, £er £tfd) tfl ntnb. 35tefe 

This water is very sweet. The table is round. This 

?etnwcmb ifi xvei$. £a3 J'ttrf) roav fcfcwarj. S'er Sfyfel tfl 

linen is white. The cloth was black The apple is 

rotf)- £tefe$ Sffiadf)^ tfl gc!6. £te Sttitte tfl Maxu Unfere 

red This wax is yellow- The ink is blue. Our 

SBiefen fmb grim. 3f)r Sletfe nmr bratm. Jester 3«rfer tfl 

meadows are green. Her dre>s was brown. That sugar is 

fyart £tefer £tntrm ift bed). Xk grennbin tfl ibm tfyeuer* 

hard. This steeple is high. The (f) friend is to him dear. 

2>te Settung tfl neit. Unfere Winter fmb artig. Ste waxen 

The newspaper is new. Our children are kind. They were 

g(itcflid). 2>te Slrbeiter ftttb flet£tg. Ta$ tfl ibm fd)dbftd). 

lucky The workmen are industrious. That is to him injurious. 

3d) bin tnit ibm jufrieten. Sein S3efttd) ifi nn$ nnttfommeiu 

I am with to Jura satisfied. His visit is to us welcome. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 99 

@r tjt befiTen tt>iirbtg> 2>te Sffitefcerholmtg t# tfyr Ictf% 

He is of that worthy. The repetition is to her burdensome. 

®te nmrfce franf, @r Uieh unnnfifenfcu 

She became sick. He remained ignorant. 

Ohs. The above phrases are construed alike in Ger- 
man and English. The adjective refers to a noun in the 
nom. case with which it is connected by fern, to be y or 
another neuter verb. The German adjective thus 
employed is not changed according to the gender or 
number of the noun to which it refers. There is a 
slight difference in the position of the words between 
the two languages in phrases like this, btefe 9iemgfett ift 
mix cmgenebm, this news is agreeable to me, the adjective 
closing the sentence in German, while in English it is 
followed by to me. From this we derive the general 
rule that in German a personal pronoun thus connected 
with an adjective precedes it. 

The man is good. The weather is fair. This wo- 
man is poor. The ox is fat. The mouse is little. My 
horse is old. Her dress is ugly. The rope is long. 
The journey was short. The boy is sick. This book 
is useful. My cousin is wealthy. The girl is skilful. 
This news is agreeable to me. That man is blind. 
This water is very sweet. The table is round. This 
linen is white. The cloth was black. The apple is 
red. This wax is yellow. The ink is blue. Our 
meadows are green. Her dress was brown. That sugar 
is hard. This steeple is high. The (female) friend is 
dear to him. The newspaper is new. Our children 
are kind. They were lucky. The workmen are in- 
dustrious. That is injurious to him. I am satisfied 
with him. His visit is welcome to us. He is worthy 
of that. The repetition is burdensome to her. She 
became sick. He remained ignorant. 



THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDING A NOUN AND BEING 
PRECEDED BY THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. 

£er Qixte SOcantt* £te Qute graiu Sag gute $inb* 

The good man. The good woman. The good child. 



100 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Der fcfjone SSogeL Die fcfyone (gtabt* Dag fcf>6ne ?atsfc< 

The beautiful bird. The beautiful town. The beautiful country. 

Der gro£e Stem* £te fleine Stu6e. Sag neue £aug, 

The big stone. The little room. The new house. 

Der afte Scfjui)* Dag nit^ticfye 23ud)* Die arme SBatfe* 

The old shoe. The useful book. The poor orphan. 

Der reid)e $aufmann+ Dag btinbe £ubm Die angenefyme 

The wealthy merchant. The blind chicken. The pleasant 

2nft Der fitge 58em* Die fcfyabltcfye gpeife* Dag wetge 

air. The sweet wine. The injurious food. The white 

$(etb. Der fcfyroarje £ut Dag rotfye £urf)* Dag gelbe 

dress. The black hat. The red cloth. The yellow 

aSanb* Die biane garbe* Zie grime 2Biefe. Der braune 

ribbon. The blue colour. The green meadow. The brown 

^afee. Die bot)e 9D?auer, 

coffee. The high wall. 

The good man. The good woman. The good child. 
The beautiful bird. The beautiful town. The beauti- 
ful country. Tiie big stone. The little room. The 
new house. The old shoe. The useful book. The 
poor orphan. The wealthy merchant. The blind 
chicken. The pleasant air. The sweet wine. The 
injurious food. The white dress. The black hat. 
The red cloth. The yellow ribbon. The blue colour. 
The green meadow. The brown coffee. The high 
wall. 



DECLENSION. 

Singular. 

Masc. Fern. Neut. 



Masc. Fern. Neut. 

Nom. Der gate, bie gute, bag gute, the good. 
Gen. Deg guten, ber guten, beg guten, of the good. 
Dat. Dem guten, ber guten, bent guten, to the good. 
Ace. ^cn guten, ik gute, bag gute, the good. 



Plural. 

Of the three genders. 



ui me inree genaers. 

Nom. Die guten, the good. 

Gen. Der guten, of the good. 

Dat. Den guten, to the good. 

Ace. Zic guten, the good. 



EASF LESSONS IN GERMAN. 101 



CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 



When the adjective is preceded by the definite article, 
the nominative singular of the three genders and the 
accusative singular of the feminine and neuter genders 
end in e* All the other cases of the singular and plu- 
ral numbers end in em 

£cr Sktter be£ gutett ftnaben. £te Sautter ber guten 

The father of the good boy. The mother of the good 

Zcditev. £te ©rent be3 gutett £utbe& £er ©ofyn be3 

daughter. The parents of the good child. The son of the 

gutett 9Kantte$*' ®eben ©te bem gutett jttttbe et\x>a$+ 

good man. Give They to the good child something. 

33rtngen ©te bem guteu Statute emeu ©tul)L 3d) faufe bem 

Bring They to the good man a chair. I buy to the 

guteu 90?dbrf)en emeu £ut £a£ Such be£ fletgtgen ©d)u(er3* 

good girl a bonnet. The book of the industrious pupil. 

£er S^ut be3 Hettten SJKafcdjettS* £er ©ruber be3 tteutett 

The bonnet of the little girl. The brother of the little 

Mnabexx. 9?nfen ©te ba£ Heme 9)tdbd)en+ ^euneu ©te ben 

boy. Call They the little girl. Know They the 

juugeu 9Wettfd)en ? @r fcejTgt ba£ fcfyone &axi$. dv legte 

young man"? He possesses, the beautiful house. He laid 

ba6 wetge ^fetb auf beu ruubeu £tfd). 23te leere ©cfyiififet 

the white dress on the round table. The empty dish 

fief)t auf bem grogen Sttfdje* 2?te etnjtge $ivd)e ttt ber Hetuett 

stands on to the large table. The only church in to the little 

©tabt SSrtttgen ©te bie nette, fcfytixtrje SGBefte* Ete fletptgen 

town Bring They the new black vest. The industrious 

©obne be3 armeu SD?attne$* £te Stufgabeu ber aufmerffameu 

sons of the poor man. The lessons of the attentive 

©emitter* 3>ie ^fetber ber fieinen 9Rabd)en* 2>te fyitbfcfyen 

pupils. The clothes of the little girls The pretty 

£utte ber retcfyett £anten* £a3 arme Sftdbcfyen hat von ben 

bonnets of the wealthy ladies. The poor girl has from to the 

retcfyen Sattten emeu neueu S^nt befommetu %ei$en ©te ben 

wealthy ladies a new bonnet received. Show They to the 

ffetueu ftuabett bte fyttbfcfyen Sttber* ©cfyeufen ©te ben 

little boys the pretty pictures. Present They to the 

armeu SSKdbcfyett bte aftett ^fetber. 

poor girls the old clothes. 

The father of the good boy. The mother of the 
good daughter. The parents of the good child. The 
son of the good man. Give the good child something. 



102 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Bring the good man a chair. I am purchasing a bonnet 
for the good girl. The book of the industrious pupil. 
The bonnet of the little girl. The brother of the little 
boy. Call the little girl. Do you know the young 
man ? He possesses the beautiful house. He laid the 
white dress on the round table. The empty dish is 
standing on the large table. The only church in the 
little town. Bring the new black vest. The industri- 
ous sons of the poor man. The lessons of the attentive 
pupils. The clothes of the little girls. The pretty 
bonnets of the wealthy ladies. The poor girl received 
a new bonnet from the wealthy ladies. Show the little 
boys the pretty pictures. Present to the poor girls the 
old clothes. 



THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDING A NOUN AND BEING 
PRECEDED BY THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 

din alter 9Kamt. dine aite $rau. din alte$ £attg* 

An old man. An old woman. An old house. 

din langer ©tod dim fartge ©tra$e* din (angeg $Ietb* 

A long stick. , A long street. A long dress. 

din groper gtfrf). dine groge $artefeL din gro£e3 ©fa£* 

A large nNh. A large potato. A large glass. 

din fteinev 26fifeL dine Heine £afre* din tleine$ defter. 

A little spoon. A little cup. A little knife. 

din junger 9Ef?enftf). dine jwige Same, din fitter 21pfeL 

A young man. A young lady. A sweet apple. 

Grttte fu£e 33trne* din fiifjeg ©etrant din retcfyer 33auet\ 

A sweet pear. A sweet beverage. A rich farmer. 

(Sine gefrf)icfte iebxevin. din' fd)tt>ere$ 33etL dine 

A skilful (female) teacher. A heavy hatchet. An 

angenefyme Unterfyalttmg* din fupfemer $eflfeL din 

agreeable conversation. A copper kettle. A 

tetnene^ Qanbtnd). dine golbene £afd)enuf)t\ din eifemer 

linen towel. A golden pocket clock. An iron 

Dfetu din jumenteg Sffiafdbberfen. din ft(6erner ?eudf)tet\ 

stove A pewter wash-basin. A silver candlestick. 

din Ued)evnev dimev* dine jietnerne 93anf* din fetbeneg 

A tin pail. A stone bench. A silk 

Stleio. din baunwotfeneg Qemb. din softener ©trumpf, 

dress. A cotton shirt. A woolen stocking* 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 103 

din f)of$erne£ ^3ferb. din trbener JEopf* @tit papierener 

A wooden horse. An earthen pot. A paper 

Umfcfyag* @n teberner SSeuirf* Sine Weterne 25itd)fe. 

cover. A leathern purse. A leaden box. 

(iin ftdbleruer gtngerbuh Sin mefftngener $nopf* 

A steel thimble. A brass button. 

An old man. An old woman. An old house. A 
long stick. A long street. A long dress. A big fish. 
A large potato. A big glass. A little spoon. A 
small cup. A little knife. A young man. A young 
lady. A sweet apple. A sweet pear. A sweet bever- 
age. A wealthy farmer. A skilful (female) teacher. 
A heavy hatchet. An agreeable conversation. A 
copper kettle. A linen towel. A gold watch. An 
iron stove. A pewter wash-basin. A silver candlestick. 
A tin pail. A stone bench. A silk dress. A cotton 
shirt. A woolen stocking. A wooden horse. An 
earthen pot. A paper cover. A leathern purse. A 
leaden box. A steel thimble. A brass button. 



DECLENSION. 

Singular. 

Masc. Fern. Neut. 

Nom. (gin guter, etne gute, cm gitteS, a good. 

Gen. ©neg guten, enter gutett, etne£ guten, of a good. 

Dat. (Jtnem guten, emer guten, etnem guten, to a good. 

Ace. ©nen guten, etne gute, tin gute3, a good. 

Plural. 

Of the three genders. 

Nom. ®nte, good. 
Gen. ©nter, of good. 
Dat. ©uten, to good. 
Ace. ©ute, good. 

CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 

When the adjective is preceded by the indefinite arti- 
cle, the nominative terminates in r, e, g, like ber,bie, ba3* 
The accusative of the feminine and neuter ends like the 



104 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

respective nominatives. In the two other cases it ter- 
minates in en* The corresponding plural is declined 
like the plural of the definite article. 

25ie gocbter erneS retdien StanfmatmS. SDte Slnfitnft enter 

The daughter of a rich merchant. The arrival of a 

jmtgen (Snglanberin* 2Xe Zbitv eftteg fteinen 3^ me ^* 

young Englishwoman. The door of a little room. 

S)fe ©djjjppen etneS gre£en §ifd)e3> 2>ie £dlfte eitter gre£en 

The scales of a large fish. The half of a large 

tfartoffeL £ie £(inge eineS ffeinen SWefferS* £er giei£ 

potato. The blade of a little knife. The industry 

emeS jmtgen SKenfcfyetu <5r tranf att£ etnem grc£en ©tafe* 

of a young man. He drank out to a large glass. 

3d) fprarf) mit etner jmtgen Same. 3d) babe fca3 ^3ferb 

I spoke with to a young lady. I have the horse 

etnem retcfyen SBcwer fcerfanfh (Sr fyat $tt>et 3?tnge nefcjl eitter 

to a rich farmer sold. He has two rings together with to a 

getbenen £afcbemtbr fcerpfdnbet SBtr faffcu auf etner 

golden watch pawned. We sat on to a 

fteinernen 35anf* Sie fod)t ba^ g(eifrf) m etnem trbenen 

stone bench. She boils the meat in to an earthen 

£epfe* Sie trdg't ein fange£ £(eib* 3d) brancfye emen fteuten 

pot. She wears a long dress. I want a little 

SoffeL @flfen Sie gern etnen fufen 2lpfel ? 3d) Jtefye eine 

spoon. Eat They willingly a sweet apple 1 I draw a 

fitpe 23tme etnem fii£en SJpfel Dor. (3d) gtebe bor*) £>abcn 

sweet pear to a sweet apple before. (I prefer.) Have 

pie ein leuteneg £anbtnd) ? 5Ketne SOintter §at erne ftlberne 

They a linen towel 1 My mother has a silver 

Sdjere. SJrme %mte+ Sitberne SoffeL 2ange ©terfe. 

scissors. Poor people. Silver spoons. Long sticks. 

9?etd)e SSauertu SOBetrfje SStrnem 25te Unterbaltnng junger 

Rich farmers. Mellow pears. The conversation of young 

jCcmtem £er ©enup fiifer SJepfeL £er ©ebrand) fnpferner 

ladies. The use of sweet apples. The use of copper 

StitffiL @r banbelt nttt gcfbenen £afcbenubrem Ste bracbten 

kettles. He trades with to golden watches. They brought 

Staffer in fclecfjenten Stntern, <2te fapen anf fteinernen 

water in to tin pails. They sat on to stone 

SBdttfett* &aben ©te baumwotfene £emben ? jfanfen Sie 

benches. Have They cotton shirts 1 Buy They 

toettene ©trimtpfe ? Ste fcerferttgen irbene Xopfe. £aben 

woolen stockings 1 They make earthen pots. Have 

®te ftdMerne gtngerf>ttte ? 

They steel thimbles 1 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 105 

The daughter of a wealthy merchant, The arrival 
of a young English woman. The door of a little room. 
The scales of a large fish. The half of a large potato. 
The blade of a little knife. The industry of a young 
man. He drank out of a large glass. I spoke with 
a young lady. I sold the horse to a wealthy farmer. 
He has pawned two rings together with a gold 
watch. We sat on a stone bench. She boils the meat 
in an earthen pot. She wears a long dress. I want 
a little spoon. Do you like a sweet apple ? I prefer 
a sweet pear to a sweet apple. Have you a linen 
towel ? My mother has a pair of silver scissors. Poor 
people. Silver spoons. Long sticks. Wealthy farmers, 
Mellow pears. The conversation of young ladies. 
The use of sweet apples. The use of copper kettles. 
He deals in gold watches. They brought water in 
tin pails. They sat on stone benches. Have you 
cotton shirts ? Do you purchase woolen stockings ? 
They make earthen pots. Have you steel thimbles ? 



THE ADJECTIVE NOT BEING PRECEDED BY ANY ARTICLE 
IN THE SINGULAR NUMBER. 

DECLENSION* 

Singular. 

Masc. Fem. Neut. 

Nom. @ater, gute, gute3, good or some good. 

Gen - j ©men, ^'fum, \ ^ good or of some good. 
Dat. ©utem, guter, gutem, to good or to some good. 
Ace. @uten, gate, gute3, good or some good. 

Obs. The above declension is the same as that of 
the definite article. The genitive of the masculine and 
neuter sometimes, for the sake of euphony, assumes en* 
The corresponding plural is declined like that of the 
definite article, and has been shown in the declension of 
the adjective preceded by the indefinite article. 
5* 



106 EAS7 LE3SONS IN GERMAN. 

®uter 2Bein. ®ute mid), ©uteg Dct. €d)Ud\ter 

Good wine. Good milk. Good oil. Bad 

tdflfec. <£cf)(ed)te ©utter. @d)fed)te3 aBajfer. Stotber 

coffee. Bad butter. Bad water. Red 

>JEBeitn 9?o% $arbe, SOSeiffe 2Gafrf)e. gd)tt>ar$eg £ud£ 

wine. Red colour. White linen. Black cloth. 

Stobe 23aunm>otte* ^rifrf)e3 £M. geineg @afj. ©ute£ 

Raw cotton. Fresh oil. Fine salt. Good 

5)?ef)L £er 9)ret3 gttteg (guten) 9Wef)te. £er @e[d)tttacf 

flour. The price of good (of good) flour. The taste 

frf)(erf)ten $ajfee^ Xxinhn Ste grimen %\)tt ? £aben ©te 

of bad coffee. Drink They green teal Have They 

rotfyett %Bein ? @r Derfauft robe 35atmttt)oUe. 3d) Itebe @fe 

red wine 1 He sells raw cotton. I love Them 

Den gcm^em Syx^cn. Sie $(inge tjl son gutem ©tabL 

from to whole heart. The blade is of to good steel. 

Good wine. Good milk. Good oil. Bad coffee. 
Bad butter. Bad water. Red wine. Red colour. 
Clean linen. Black cloth. Raw cotton. Fresh oil. 
Fine salt. Good flour. The price of good flour. The 
taste of bad coffee. Do you drink green tea ? Have 
you red wine ? He sells raw cotton. I love you with 
all my heart. The blade is of good steel. 



THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDED Br 

liefer, btefe, btefeS, this. 

Setter, jene, jetted, that, 

©etcher ? n>e(ct)e ? Welches ? which ? 

Sffieldjer, n>eld)e, mid)e$, which. 

3eber, jebe, jebe£, every, 

SIKer, aUe, atteg, all. * 

SDtefer Heine $it<rf>e* S>tefe grime 5Btefe, £tefe3 arttge 

This little boy. This green meadow. This kind 

$tnb» Sewer fcftroaqe £mt. Sene n>exfe 2Befte. Serteg 

child. That black hat. That white vest. That 

neue $feib* SBelcber arme ^ttabe ? 2Be(rf)e retrfje $atmlie ? 

new dress. Which poor boy 1 Which rich family 1 

93Mrf)e3 fcfyone £ctu3 ? Seber gute 9Kanm Sebe frembe 

Which fine house 1 Eyery good man. Every foreign 



• 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 107 

Sprarfje. 3ebe£ teutfcfte Surf). Sitter grime Zbee. Me 

language. Every German book. All green tea. All 

robe 33aiimtt>elfe. 2ltte3 frtfcbe 28afiet\ ©tc £aut biefeg 

raw cotton. All fresh water. The ski 1 of this 

fetten Ccbfen. ®fe $Iugel btefer fctwarjen £aufce* ®ie 

fat ox. The wings of this black dove. The 

SOBoffe biefed aften ©chafed £er dragon btefeel blaueit 

wool of this old sheep The coDar of this blue 

9bxfe& £er fret's jenerfetbenen 22efte* 2>te Cermet jetted 

coat. The price of that silk vest. The sleeves of that 

leutenen j£entbe& SBMcheS ftetgtgett Srf)itfer3 gortfcfyritte ? 

linen shirt. Which industrious pupil's progress 1 

503e(rf)er fyubfcfjett SMume (Serucf) ? £ie Sefamttfcfjaft jebeS 

Which pretty flower's smell i The acquaintance of every 

fremben fterrtu Xte Unterbcrttung jeber gebtlbeten Same. 

strange gentleman The conversation of every intelligent lady. 

Set 9D?e£ger fcMadbtet bret Sialbev neb]i fctefem fetten Ccfyfem 

The butcher kills three calves together with to this fat ox. 

dirt frember fterr fcfyenfte btefem fletptgen Scfmter jetteg neue 

A strange gentleman presented to this industrious pupil that new 

Suet). (gefyen Ste jene fcfyroarje £au6e ? jtaufen ®ie fciefed 

book. See They that black dove 1 Buy They thi* 

franjoftfcfre Surf). 

French book. 

Obs. An adjective preceded by any of the above 
pronouns is declined in the same manner as when pre- 
ceded by ber, bte, ba3* 

This little boy. This green meadow. This kind 
child. That black hat That white vest. That new 
dress. Which poor boy ? Which wealthy family ? 
Which fine house ? Every good man. Every foreign 
language. Every German book. All green tea. All 
raw cotton. All fresh water. The skin of this fat ox. 
The wings of this black dove. The wool of this old 
sheep. The collar of this blue coat. The price of that 
silk vest. The sleeves of that linen shirt. Which in- 
dustrious pupil's progress ? Which beautiful flower's 
smell? The acquaintance of any strange gentleman. 
The conversation of every intelligent lady. The 
butcher kills three calves together with this fat ox. A 



108 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

strange gentleman presented to this industrious pupil 
that new book. Do you see that black dove ? Pur- 
chase this French book. 



THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDED BY A POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 

tyflein lieber $reunb* 50?exne tiebe (gcfyrcefter* 5Jiem 

My dear friend. My dear sister. My 

liebeg Mini* £ein ffeiner SSruber* Seine Kerne @cf)tt>efto\ 

dear child. Thy little brother. Thy little sister. 

£eitt fyiibfcfyeg 95ncf)* (Setn jnnger 3tejfe. Seine junge 

Thy pretty hook. His young nephew. His young 

Tad)te. (Bcin nene3 §au$+ 3fyr golbener D?ing* Sbre 

niece. His new house. Her golden ring. Her 

gclbene Ubr* 3fyr feibene^ Mkib. Unfer grower ©arten. 

golden watch. Her silk dress. Our large garden. 

Unfere gan^e $ami(ie, Unfer gIM(id)e3 ?anb* @uer reicfyer 

Our whole family. Our happy land. Your rich 

SDheim, Sure reicfye gante* dnev flei^ige^ 5D?dbd)en, Sfyr 

uncle. Your rich aunt. Your industrious girl. Their 

iteuer 3to& 3fyre recite £cmb* 3^r artige^ Mini. %bx (i) 

new coat. Their right hand. Their kind child. Their 

tteuer 2Bagen* Sfyre (i) gerecfyte gorbermtg* 3f>r ganjeS 

new carriage. Their just demand. Their whole 

aSermogen. 9Keine lieben grennbe* Seine beutfcfyen SSiicfyer* 

fortune. My dear friends. Thy German hooks. 

©eine jihtgeren SSriiber* 3fyre beiben ©cfyrceflertu Unfere 

His younger brothers. Her both sisters. Our 

gefcfyicften Slerjte* Sure fteifngen Sirbeiter* 3t)re (3) guten 

skilful physicians. Your industrious workmen. Their good 

©rimbfafee* 2ftve (0 eigenen Stngelegcnfyetten* 

principles. Their own affairs. 

Obs. Ail adjective preceded by a possessive pronoun, 
is inflected in the singular in the same manner as when 
preceded by the indefinite article. In the plural it as- 
sumes the termination en throughout all cases. 

My dear friend. My dear sister. My dear child. 
Thy little brother. Thy little sister. Thy pretty book. 
His young nephew. His young niece. His new house. 
Her gold ring. Her gold watch. Her silk dress. Our 
large garden, All our family. Our happy country. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



109 



Your wealthy uncle. Your wealthy aunt. Your in- 
dustrious girl. Your new coat. Your right hand. 
Your kind child. Their new carriage. Their just de- 
mand. Their whole fortune. My dear friends. Thy 
German books. His younger brothers. Both her sis- 
ters. Our skilful physicians. Your industrious work- 
men. Your good principles. Their own affairs. 





COMPARISON. 


Positive. 


Comparative. 


Superlative. 


©ebon, 
beautiful, 


fd)b'net, 

more beautiful, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS fcfyonfic, 
or am fcfyonften, 


Jttctn, 
little, 


Hetnct, 

less, 


fcet/ tie or fcag fteinfte, 
or am Hemften, 


SReicf), 
rich, 


retd)et, 
richer, 


fcet, fcte or fcaS tetcfyjte, 
or am rc.td)ffeiij 


©11% 
kind, 


gffttges, 
kinder, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS giittgfte, 
or am gitttgftcn^ 


kw, 


neucr, 


fcet/ fcte or fca$ neucfte, 


new, 


newer, 


or am neucften, 


©cb(cd)t, 
bad, 


fct)tecl)tcr, 
worse, 


fcet, fcte or fca* fcWecbtc* 
ftC/Oramfcbfectytcften, 


aSrett, 
broad, 


6tcttcr> 

broader, 


fcet, fcte or fcaS Otcttefle, 
or am btetteften, 


Stcf, 
thick, 


fcicfer, 
thicker, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS fctcfjfo, 
or am fctcfjitcn, 


9ktfi> 

clean, 


telnet, 
cleaner, 


fcet, fcte or fcaS tetnfte, 
or am retnften, 


fast, 


fejiet, 
faster, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS fefteftc, 
or am fefteften, 


sweet, 


fS0er> 

sweeter, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS fupcftc, 
or am fiipeften, 


2Cr% 

genteel, 


art%er, 

more genteel, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS arttgfte, 
or am arttcjften, 


clear, 


better, 

clearer, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS bettfte, 
or am betlften, 


©cfmetf, 
quick, 


fdjnettct, 
quicker, 


fcet/ fcte or fcaS fdjneflfte, 
or am fdjnettften, 



} the most 
5 beautiful, 

i the least. 



> the richest. 

) the kind- 
) est. 

) the new- 
5 est. 

> the worst. 



> the 
\ est. 

> the 
J" est. 

the 
' est. 



broad- 



thick- 



clean- 



> the fastest. 

> the sweet- 
$ est. 

) the most 
5 genteel. 

> the clear- 
J est. 

> the quick- 
J est. 



110 



EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



Positive. 

Zteu, 

faithful, 


Comparative. 

trcttcr, 

more faithful, 


SBctd), 
soft, 


nxucber, 
softer, 


£)iinn, 
thin, 


bunnct, 
thinner, 


Sfficig, 
white, 


wemt, 

whiter, 


©run, 
green, 


grtmcr, 
greener, 


useful, 


ntigticber, 
more useful, 


2Crtgcnerjm, 
agreeable, 


angenebmcr, 
more agreeable, 


£a6fidj, 


uglier, 


©ifcaMtd), 


fd)abltcr)cr, 


injurious, 


more injurious, 


d5iuc!(id), 
happy, 


gtucfitchet; 

happier, 


glet&tg, 
industrious, 


ftdfugfct, 

, more industrious, 


quiet, 


tubtger, 
more quiet, 


©tcrjer, 
safe, 


ftcbeter, 
safer, 


©cfcbicft, 

skilful, 


gefcbicftcr, 
more skilful, 


grating, 
melancholy 


ttaurtgcr, 
, more melancholy, 


Se&baft, 
lively, 


(ebbaftet, 
livelier, 


$rucbtOat-, 
fertile, 


frucbtbatcr, 
more fertile, 


SDanfbar, 
gra eful, 


banfbarer, 
more grateful, 


ffintfernt, 

distant, 


cntfcrnter, 
more distant, 


Gtnfad), 
simple, 


eittfacfyet, 

simpler, 



most 



ie or la$ trcucjle, ) the n 
am trcueften, £ faithful 

' i the softest 



thin- 



Superlative. 

bcr, t>ic 
or am 

bcr, Me or la$ rucidbfte, < 
or am nxicbftcn, 

bet) bio or ba^ bfinnfic,: ) the 

or am bunnjrcn, J nest. 

let, tie or la$ nxu£efie, ) the whit- 
or am ivctHcftcn, J est. 

ber, btc or ba^ gtunfte, ) the green- 
or am griinften, £ est. 

bet, bte or las ntigltcbfte, > the most 
or am nu(3ttd)ften, $ useful. 

bet, btc or basangencbm? ) the most 
ftc, or am angenebmften, J agreeable. 

Hi 

or am ba'Hltcbften, ) 

let, bte or ba^ fcbaMtcr)= J the most 
|ic, orainfcbaMtcbften, \ injurious. 

let, btc or la$ glucfttd); ) the happi- 
ftc, or am glucf ltd)|ten, J est. 

bcr, bte or ba$ ftetfugjrc, > the mostin- 
or am flct£tgften, $ dustrious. 

ber, bte or las rufjtgftc, ) the most 
or am rujtgftetr, J quiet. 

let, btc or bas ftcbcvfte, ) 1 
or am ficfyerjten, J 

let, bte or las gefd)icftes ) the most 
fte, or am ge|d)tcftefien, $ skilful. 

the most 



fecr ' i5icor ^ f '® i ^ , ^theu<rliest. 



the safest. 



tec, 



it, btc or ba£ traurtaftc, f 1 e , 
or am trauri d ,W, Jjj"" 

bcr, bte or bag (cfobaftes > the most 
fte,oram lebfjaftcjten, ) lively. 

let, bte or bas ftufytbatz ) the most 
fte, or am fuicbtbarfren, J fertile. 

bet, bte or ba$ banfbar; > the most 
fie, oram banfOarften, $ grateful. 

bcr, bte or la$ entfetntez ) the most 
fte, or am entfernteften, J distant. 

bcr, bte or la$ ctnfacbjte, ) the sim- 
or am einfadjftcn, J plest. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



Ill 



Obs. In the preceding examples the degrees are 
formed regularly by adding er in the comparative and 
ft or cftc in the superlative. 



Positive. 

©ro9, 
great, 


Comparative. 

groger, 

greater, 


Sung, 
young, 


(finger, 

younger, 


old, 


6(tcr> 

older, 


Bong, 

long, 


(anger, 
longer, 


short, 


turner, 
shorter, 


2ten, 


dtmer, 


poor, 


poorer, 


£ran£, 
sick, 


ivanHt, 

sicker, 


black, 


febmarjer, 
blacker, 


mi), 

red, 


rctber, 
redder, 


£art, 

hard, 


barter, 
harder, 


Soft, 

cold, 


fatter, 
colder, 


£Sarm, 


warmer, 


warm, 


warmer, 


©reb, 


qreber, 


coarse, 


coarser, 


®taxt, 


jtarfer, 


strong, 


stronger, 


weak, 


fcbrvJcber, 
weaker, 


Slug, 

prudent, 


flucjer, 

more prudent, 


9?aG, 


naffer, 


wet, 


wetter, 


©efunt, 

healthy, 
wholesome 


cjefumter, or 
gefunber, 
healthier, 
, wholesomer, 



Superlative. 

ter, tie or ta$ qrb'pte, j 
or am qrebften, J 

ter, bie or ta* iunajte, j 
or am jiinqften, ' 

ter, Me or tas attejre, 
or am attejten, 

ter, tie or taai (dncjfie, j 
or am (aucjften, " J 

ter, tie or tas h'lrjejle, 
or am fuqeflen, 

ter, tie or tas armfte, j 
or am annften, j 

ter, tie or tas franf)le, 
or am franfften, 

ter, tie orta* fcftroarge? , 
fte, or am febwaqeften, | 

ter, tie or tas retfjefte, \ 

or am retrjeften, \ 

ter, tie or fca$ rjartefte, j 
or am rjarteften, < 

ter, tie or ta$ taltejte, j 
or am fjdltefren, ( 

ter, tie or tas marmfte, ( 
or am tvdrmften, \ 

ter, tie or b«6 qrebfre, 
or am qtelften, 

ter, tie or tas ftdrrfre, 
or am frarffien, 

ter, tie or tas febwdebfte, 
or am fcbivacbften, 

ter, tie or tas frtigfre, 

or am ftuajten, 

ter, tie or ta? ndffefte, 
or am nafJcfU'ii, 

ter, tie or r:as qeftintefre 
or cji fun tcjlc, or am 

qefunfcefren or am qes 
funfceptcn, 



the 
est. 



great- 



the young- 
est. 

the oldest. 



the longest. 

short- 



> the 
i est. 

the 
est. 



poor- 



> the sickest. 

the black- 
i est. 

the reddest, 

the hard- 
' est. 

■ the coldest. 



warm- 



coars- 



t the 
J est. 

> the 
J est 

} the strong- 
£ est. 

) the weak- 
y est. 

J the most 
prudent. 

) the wet- 
J test. 

the healthi- 
•■ est, the 
i wholes om- 

est. 



112 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



Obs. The above class of adjectives is not as numer- 
ous as the former. They are all monosyllables and 
soften the vowels a, o, and it, into a, 6, and ii, besides 
taking the regular additions in the comparative and 
superlative degrees. 



Positive. Comparative. 

goP, fa(|'cf)er, 

treacherous, more treacherous, 



■as fa(fd)efte, > 
EftfKftai, 5 



Sanft, 
soft, 

rough, 

etoft 

proud, 

£arg, 
covetous 

SBfau, 

blue, 

SWag, 

pale, 

©crate, 
straight, 

Caut, 
loud, 

Sort, 
tender, 

SHunb, 
round, 

Obs. 



fonftcr, 
softer, 

tofjet, 
rougher, 

ftefter; 

prouder, 

forger, 

more covetous, 

Matter, 

bluer, 

^laffer^ 

paler, 

geratcr, 
straighter, 

tauter, 

louder, 



Superlative. 

ter, tie or ca$ 
or am fa If 

ter, tie or bd$ fanftefte, 
or am fanftcftcn, 

ter, tie or fcas ror)cftc / 
or am rofyeften, 

ter, tic or ba$ ftetyjte, ) 
cr am fteCjejten, J 

ter, tie or ta$ farajte, ) 
or am tarajten, 

ter, tie or ba$ Mauefte, 
or am Mauejten, 



the most 
treacherous 

the softest. 

the rough* 
est. 

the proud- 
est. 

the most 
covetous. 



i* 



e bluest. 



ter, tie or ba* Maffcfte, £ h , 
or am Maffcften, 5 me P alest< 



ter, tie or bat gerateftc, ) the 

or am geraK'ftcn, 5 straightest, 

ter, tie or tag (autefle, ? the loud- 
er am tauteftert, £ est. 

ter, tie or fcaS gartcfte, ) the most 
or am ^artojtcn, $ tender. 

ter, tie or tas runteftc, J the round- 
er am runteften, $ est. 

The above class of adjectives being very limit- 
ed in number, by way of exception, do not change the 
vowels a, o, and u, and only take the regular affixes in 
the comparative and superlative degrees. 



garter, 

more tender, 

run ter, 
rounder, 



Positive. 

gbel, 

noble, 

6tat, 

level, 


Comparative. 

ctler, 
nobler, 

clmer/ 
more level, 


Superlative. 

ter, tie or bat eteljtc, ) the 
or am etclfren, J blest. 

ter, tie or bag eOenfte, ) the 
or am cbenjten, $ level. 



most 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



113 



Positive. 

£unfe(, 
dark, 


Comparative. 

bunffet, 

darker, 


Shcuer, 
dear, 


tauter, 
dearer, 


SScflfomnn 

perfect, 


m, rcttfcmnmcr, 
more perfect 



Superlative. 

tct, tic orfctig bimfdjte, 

or am tunfcifren, 



> the 
5 est. 

tcr, tic or &a* tfvacrfte, ) the 
or cm tKmciftcn, ( est. 

ter,tie or ha$ rcUfeim } the ^ 

mcnjk,orani boflffem- >„„,*■ " 

~.„~»%,~ i pertcct. 



dark- 
dear- 



most 



mcrnren, 

Obs. The above few adjectives deviate from the re- 
gular formation of the degrees only in the comparative, 
the e of the final syllable in the positive being dropped 
for the sake of euphony. 



Positive. 

©lit, 

good, 


Comparative. 

feeffer, 

better, 


high, 


higher, 


near, 


rtahet, 
nearer, 


Obs. 


The for 



grees irregularly. 



Superlative. 

tcr, tic or bag bcftt, } +1 , 

r - ' > tae best, 

or am bejien, $ 

tcr, tic or tas re crmc, ) the 
or am bechfren, £ est, 

tcr, tic or tas tmebfie, } the 
or am rtacb fieri, ) est. 

The foregoing three adjectives form the de 



hi?;h- 



near- 



DECLEXSIOX. 



Adjectives are declined in the comparative and super- 
lative degrees in the same manner as in the positive de- 
gree. 

3Br diod tft feben, a6er ibre %Qe)~te ffr nocft fcWner* 

Their coat is beautiful, but Their vest is still more beautiful. 

£tefe3 papier ift toetp, aber jcnc6 i)t mi£ev. £ier tft em 

This paper is white. but that is whiter. Here is a 

lingerer Zi)d). Xtefes Zxxcb tft bveitcv aU jene^ Xic$ tft 

longer table. This cloth is wider than that. This is 

ta$ fletnfte von ibxen jpfittfettw 23 tft grcger ai$ ba& 

the least of to her houses. It is larger than the 

imfrige* SDiefeS @ema(be tft fcfrener aU jenee* 3fjre 

ours. This portrait is more beautiful than that. Their 

(Sd)it>efter tft fca£ fhigfte ffeute SRdfccfoen, ba3 id) femte* 5(1 

sister is the most prudent little girl which I know. Is 

©Kfafceti) after ate STOarie ? SJew, fie tft pinger* £abm 

Elizabeth older than Mary T Xo, she is younger. Have 



114 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

®ie eute jimgere £orf)ter? 3cf) babe feine ji'mgere* 2(lfe 

They a younger daughter! I have no younger All 

meute gretmtmmen finb after ate id). £a£ @ifen iji fcbrcer ; 

my female friends are older than I The iron is heavy; 

ba3 S3fet i|l fd)tt>erer ; bie patina ijl ba$ fcfyroerfte 5Dvetatt. 

the lead is heavier: the platina is the heaviest metal. 

Qic$ i]t ber bocbfte Zhuxm ber ©tabt £err S3* ifi ber 

This is the highest steeple of the city. Mr. B. is the 

reidjjte Stanftnam in ber Stabt £er patient ifi beute 

richest merchant in to the city The patient is to-day 

franfer. Stefe $ami(ie i]t arm, aber id) fenne etne drmere. 

sicker. This family is poor, but I know a poorer. 

3br fyfetti i}t tmtb, aber ba£ unfrtge ijl nntber unb bag metneg 

Their horse is wild, but the ours is wilder and that of my 

DbetmS ifi ba$ btbefte tton alien. £iefeg SSucf) ifi unter* 

uncle is the wildest of to all. This book is more 

battenber ate jeneg. SOBir batten feinett angenebmertt 

entertaining than that. We should have no more pleasant 

Spafsiergang macben fintttetu (fatten macben fonnen). 

pleasure-walk to make to be able. (Should have been able to make). 

Your coat is beautiful but your vest is still more 
beautiful. This paper is white but that is whiter. 
Here is a longer table. This cloth is wider than that. 
This is the least of her houses. It is larger than ours. 
This portrait is more beautiful than that. Your sister 
is the most prudent little girl that I know. Is 
Elizabeth older than Mary ? No, she is younger. 
Have you a younger daughter ? I have no younger. 
All my friends are older than I. Iron is heavy, lead 
is heavier, platina is the heaviest metal. This is the 
highest steeple of the city. Mr. B. is the wealthiest 
merchant in the city. The patient is more sick to-day. 
This family is poor, but I know a poorer one. Your 
horse is wild, but onrs is wilder, and that of my uncle is 
the wildest of ail. This book is more entertaining than 
that. We could not have taken a pleasanter walk. 



Sari ifl flciptger ate 3obamt, aber granj ijl ber 

Charles is more industrious than John, but Francis is the 

fleigicjfte son btefen $nabem £iefe£ defter ift frfjlecfjt, 

most industrious of to these boys. This knife is bad, 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 115 

jerte3 tft fcbfecbter unb ntetneg tft ba$ fcblecbtefte Kon alien. 

that is worse and mine is the worst of to all. 

£tefe Strape tfi (anger ate jette* SfSefcfceS tft bte langfte 

This street is longer than that. Which is the longest 

Strafe in 9ien> 9)orf ? 3*)* 3R«tM[ $ fitrjer ate memer* 3br 

street in to New York 1 Their cloak is shorter than mine. Their 

©arten t|i grog, ber unfrtge tft grower imb ber memegCbeimS 

garden is large, the ours is larger and that of my uncle 

tfi ber gropte, 'ben idj je gefeben babe. 3hr Simmer tft Hem ; 

is the largest which I ever seen hare. Their room is small ; 

e3 tfi Hetner ate ba3 memfge* 3Kem grennb tfi junger ate 

it is smaller than the mine. Mv friend is younger than 

3br ©ruber. 3bre Scbweffer tft junger ate tcb- @te ffnb 

Their brother. Their sister is younger than I. They are 

ber jimgfie imter ntetnen SSefamtten* ©trtfc 3^e Winter fo 

the youngest among to my acquaintances. Are Their children so 

ctrttg nne bte mtfrtgen"? ©te fmb arttger ate tie Sbrtgetu 

genteel as the ours ! They are genteeler than the yours. 

SBeffen $tnber fmb am arttgften ? ©tub 3bre JJacbbarn fo 

"Who^e children are at the genteelest 1 Are Their neighbours so 

gefdtftg, rvk bte unfrtgen ? Ste ftnb gefdlttger ate tie 

complaisant as the ours I They are more complaisant than the 

Sbrtgem £te bteffgen ^aufleute ftnb retcber ate bte Den $>♦ ; 

Theirs. The of this place merchants are richer than those of to P., 

aber bte ^aufleute Don S3, ftnb bte retcbften Don alien. Stub 

but the merchants of to B are the richest of to all. Are 

Sbre @cf)ube fo (etcbt une bte metntgen ? Ste ftnb (etcbter, 

Their shoes so light as the mine 1 They are lighter 

a6er enger ate bte 2>brtgen. 2>tefe 53trne tft fnger ate jener 

but tighter than the Theirs. This pear is sweeter than that 

Sfpfef* Sfi 3br ^immev fo bett \vk ba3 metmge ? @£ tfi 

apple. Is Their room so light as the mine 1 It is 

ml better ate ba3 Sftrtge* 

much lighter than the Theirs. 

Charles is more industrious than John ; but Francis 
is the most industrious of these boys. This knife is 
bad, that one is worse, and mine is the worst of all. 
This street is longer than that one. Which is the 
longest street in New York ? Your cloak is shorter than 
mine. Your garden is large, ours is larger, but that of 
my uncle is the largest I have ever seen. Your room 
is small, it is smaller than mine. My friend is younger 
than your brother. Your sister is younger than I. You 
are the youngest among my acquaintances. Are your 
children as genteel as ours ? They are more genteel 



116 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN 

than yours. Whose children are the most genteel ? 
Are your neighbours as complaisant as ours ? They 
are more complaisant than yours. The merchants of 
this place are wealthier than those of P., but the 
merchants ofB. are the wealthiest of all. Are your 
shoes as light as mine ? They are lighter but tighter 
than yours. This pear is sweeter than that apple. Is 
your room as light as mine ? It is much lighter than 
yours. 



3bre Srf)tt>efier tfi guttg, Sbre Xante tfi nod) giittger unb 

Their sister is kind, Their aunt is still kinder and 

Styre SKntter tfi am gitttgjten* 3br 3?egenfd)trm tfi na$, 

Their mother is at the kindest. Their umbrella is wet, 

metner tfi nod) naffer nnb ber biefe^ Syvvn tfi ber nafiefie* 

mine is still wetter and that of this gentleman is the wettest. 

2>te Srj&Mnng be£ grang tt>ar nnterl)a(tenber ate bte beg 

The tale of the Francis was more entertaining than that of the 

Slbotpfy* Ste tfi fel)r frennbltd), aber er tft nod) freunbltd)er 

Adolphus. She is very friendly, but he is still more friendly 

urib bte Winter futb am freunbltd)fien« 2)ie 9D?dtd)en nxtren 

and the children are at the most friendly. The girls were 

trdge, bte Mnabm waxen nod) trdger, aber 3^ S3ruber xoav 

lazy, the boys were still more lazy, bnt Their brother was 

am tragfiem 2Mefe SBudjfiaben futb bentttd), aber bte 3l)rigen 

at the most lazy. These letters are plain, but the Theirs 

futb bentttrfjer nnb bte ber (Sopfyte ftnb am bentttcfyfien turn 

are plainer and those of the Sophia are at the plainest of 

alien* Ste fottten aufmerffamer feuu <£v voax Kitger 

to all. They ought more attentive to be. He was more prudent 

al$ ttrir* Ste wax am flitgfien* 9Ketn SSrnber tfi gefdjtctter 

than we. She was at the most prudent. My brother is more skilful 

ate jener $nabe* Sffitr woollen in ba$ itdefyfie S^aud gefyen* 

than that boy. We will into the next house go. 

Your sister is kind, your aunt is still kinder, and 
your mother is the kindest. Your umbrella is wet, 
mine is still wetter, and that of this gentleman is the 
wettest. The narrative of Francis was more enter- 
taining than that of Adolphus. She is very friendly, 
but he is still more so, and the children are the most 
friendly. The girls were lazy, the boys were still more 
so? but your brother was the laziest. These letters are 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 117 

plain> but yours are plainer, and those of Sophia are the 
plainest of all. You ought to be more attentive. He 
was more prudent than we. She was the most prudent. 
My brother is more skilful than that boy. Let us go 
into the next house. 



Masc. Fern. Neut. 

Sing, din Qittev, erne gute, cut QUte$, a good one. 
Plur. ©ute, good ones. 

Sing. @n 'befiferer, erne befifere, em bejfereS, a better one. 

Plur. SSeffere, better ones. 

Sing. £er, trie, ba$ befie, the best one. 

Plur. 2>te beften, the best ones. 

Qahen ©ie gute Stepfel ? &ier ift ein guter ; fyier tfl em 

Have They good apples 1 Here is a good, here is a 

befiferer; bier fmb gute; bier fmb beftere. £iefe $eber iji 

better ; here are good ; here are better. This pen is 

fcfyecfjt, geben ©ie mix erne befifere. £aben ©ie eine gute ? 

bad, give They to me a better. Have They a good % 

3d) babe feine gute; bie£ tjl bte befte, bie id) babe. £aben 

I have no good; this is the best, that I have. Have 

©ie eineu \vei$en Swt? Dtein, id) babe einen fefwar^en. 

They a white hat 1 No, I have a black. 

©iefe3 9D?effer tjl md)t fcfjarf ; baben ©ie em fcfyarfered ? 

This knife is not sharp; have They a sharper! 

£ie3 tji ba£ fcfyatffie, b_ag id) babe. 3br 3i m ^ e ^ ifi nid)t 

This is the sharpest that I have. Their room is not 

bed) ; nnr fyaben em bebere^ aber uufer greunb t)at ba3 

high ; we have a higher, but our friend has the 

hedijle. 3br died ift ait, baben ©ie fetnen tteuen ? liefer 

highest. 1 heir coat is old, have They no new 1 This 

©ted tft gu fd)tt>er, geben ©ie nur emeu leicfyteru. £ter ift 

cane is too heavy, give They to me a lighter. Here is 

ber (etcbtefte, ben id) babe. SGBaS fftt ein 23ud) tootten ©ie 

the lightest that I have. What for a book will They 

lefett, ein ettgKftyeg cber ein beutfd)e£ ? 3d) wilt roeber ein 

read, an English or a German 1 I will neither an 

engftfefyeg nod) ein beutfcfjetf, foubern ein frcmjojtfcfyeg fefen. 

English nor a German but a French read. 

SKiaS fur Stepfel efifen ©ie gern, fiife cber faure ? 3d) 

What for apples eat They willingly, sweet or sour 1 I 

eflfe gern faure. 3d) babe ntetite ftlberne Ubr tiextauft unb 

eat gladly sour, I have my silver watch sold and 



118 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

erne gefbene gefaitft. SSir baben bret ftfwarje $a£ett, eine 

a golden purchased. We have three black cats, an 

aite nub jmet jnnge* 3d) ba6e bret ^}aar ©ttefel, ein $aar 

old and two young. I have three pair boots, a pair 

gute unb jh)e{ tyaax fcbfecbte. 2iefe &abei tangt ntd)t$. 

good and two pair bad. This fork is good for nothing. 

S)iex ijl eme anbere, S^aben Sie emeu anbern ©tnbt? 

Here is an other. Hare They an other chair*? 

©eben Ste rnir etnen anbern. S>iex tfi tin anberer. Bennett 

Give They to me an other. Here is an other. Know 

Ste etnen anbern Srfntetber? 3d) fenne fetnen anbern. 

The?e an other tailor ? I know no other. 

S\\ben ©ie ctnfcereg 93rob ? 3~rf) babe feitt anfcereg* £iefe 

Have They other bread 1 I have no other. These 

-SStlber gefdtfen rmr mdtf) jetgen Ste mix anbere, Stefe 

pictures please to me not, show They to me others. This 

grail bcrt ntcbt gut, fpredhett ©te mit ber anbern, Sic 

woman hears not well. speak They with to the other. The 

anbere Derffebt mid) tddjU 

other understands me not. 

Have you good apples ? Here is a good one ; here is 
a better one ; here are good ones ; here are better ones. 
This pen is bad, give me a better one. Have you a 
good one ? I have no good one, this is the best I have. 
Have you a white hat ? No, I have a black one. 
This knife is not sharp, have you a sharper one? This 
is the sharpest one I have. Your room is not high, we 
have a higher one, but our friend has the highest 
one. Your coat is old, have you no new one ? This 
cane is too heavy, give me a lighter one. Here is the 
lightest one I have. What sort of a book will you 
read, an English or a German one ? I will read neither 
an English nor a German, but a French one. What 
kind of apples do you like, sweet ones or sour ones ? I 
like sour ones. I have sold my silver watch and pur- 
chased a gold one. We have three black cats, an old 
one and two young ones. I have three pairs of boots, 
one pair of good ones and two pairs of bad ones. This 
fork is good for nothing. Here is another one. Have 
you another chair ? Give me another one. Here is 
another one. Do you know another tailor ? I know 
no other one. Have you any other bread ? I have not 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 119 

any other. I do not like these pictures, show me other 
ones. This woman does not hear well, speak to the 
other one. The other one does not understand me. 



3>iefe^ $uft ill bier gitg bed), (gut bier gug bebed tyutt 

This de.sk is four feet high. A four foot high desk. 

Sen* Werner ift jebn gug bed). &ne gebn gug bebe SDtauer. 

That wall is ten foot high. A ten foot high wall. 

£te Strafe iji bveigig gug fcreit dim breigig %u$ breite 

The street is thirty foot broad. A thirty foot broad 

gtrage. £a£ SSmtftbrei 3oU bict. gin bret 3eU bitfeS 

street. The board is three inches thick. A three inch thick 

25ret* liefer &xakcn i]i fecb£ gug tief. gin fedjg gi$ tiefer 

board. This ditch is six foot deep A six foot deep 

©raben* 3ene 33egebenbeit \}t un£ meblbefamtt* Sine mtd 

ditch. That event is to us well known A to us 

rcebtbefamtte 35egebenbeit Sine fo fanfte imb gebtlbete 

well known event A so tender and enlightened 

£ame* dirt fo reuter unb angefebener Qftamu &n an mid) 

lady. A so rich and respectable man. A on me 

gericbteter 23rief. ©n tern SSater geborfamer Sobn. ©n 

addressed letter. A to the father obedient son A 

ber ©efmtbbeit $utrdg(icbe3 ©ettvinf. 3br mir angenebmer 

to the health conducive beverage. Their to me agreeable 

25efucf). Sine tbm erjeigte ©efatligfeit, 

visit. A to him shown favour. 

Obs. In the above examples nouns are preceded by 
adjectives, which are themselves preceded by other 
words. gu£ and %oU, when followed by an adjective 
expressing measure, are used in the singular though 
they be preceded by a numeral. 

This desk is four feet high. A desk four feet high. 
That wall is ten feet high. A wall ten feet high. 
The street is thirty feet wide. A street thirty feet wide. 
The board is three inches thick. A board three inches 
thick. This ditch is six feet deep. A ditch six feet 
deep. That event is well known to us. An event well 
known to us. A lady so tender and enlightened. A 
man so wealthy and respectable. A letter addressed 



120 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



to me. A son obedient to his father. A beverage con- 
ducive to health. Your visit which was agreeable to 
me. A favour shown him. 



NUMERALS. 



CARDINAL NUMBERS. 



1. Stitg or etn, erne, em, 

2. gtt>et, 

3. bret, 

4. Dter, 

5. funf, 

7. fteben, 

8. a<fyt, 

9. tteutt, 

10. }et)n, 

11. etf, 

12. gtt>6If, 

13. bretgebn, 

14. tuerjebu, 

15. funfjebn, 

16. fecf)gebn, 

17. ftebgebn, 

18. acbtgebn, 

19. nemtgebn, 

20. gttangtg, 

21. em mtb groangtg, 

22. gmet unb gwattjtg, 

23. bret mtb gn>angtg, 

24. mer unb jroanjtg, 

30. breigtg, 

31. em unbbretfng, 

32. gn>et mtb bretptg, 

33. bret mtb bretftg, 

40. toierjig, . 

41. eirt unb tuergtg, 

42. jnjet unb tuerjtg, 



44. t>xer imb fctergtg, 

50. fmtfjtg, 

51. em mtb funfgtg, 

52. gwet imb funfgtg, 
55. funf unb funfgtg, 

60. fetfgtg, 

61. em unb fecfyjtg, 
66. fecfyg unb fecfyjtg, 

70. jtebgtg, 

71. etn unb jTebgtg, 
77. fteben unb ftebgtg, 

80. acf)tjtg, 

81. etn mtb ad) tg tg, 
88. acf)t unb acfytgtg, 

90. nemtgtg, 

91. etn unbneungtg, 

99. nemt unb ueungtg, 

100. bunbert, etnbunbert, 

101. fyunbert unb emS, 

102. bunbert mtb gtt>et, 

103. bunbert mtb bret, 
110. bunbert unb gebn, 
120. fjunbert unb gwangtg, 
125. fymtbert unb funf unb 

S^angtg, 
133. bunbert unb bret unb 
bret£tg. 

200. gtt>eil)imbert, 

201. graetbunbert unb em3, 
215, gn>etfyunbert unb_^ funf? 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 121 

300. breibunbert, 2314, jroettaufenb trethm* 
365* breibunbert unb funf unb bert unb tnerjebn, 

fedigtg, 5673. funftaufenb fecbsbun* 
1000. taufenb, eintaufenb, bert unb brei nub 

1101. eintaufenb einbunbert jTebgtg, 

unb ein3, 10,000. jebntaufenb, 

1412. etntaufenb tikxhnn? 100,000. bunberttaufeub, 

bert unb gwoff, - 1,000,000. (Sine WWwrt, 

2000. jroeitaufenb, 2,000,000. 3n>ei SSKiftfwen. 

©at Sbr iBater fciefe <Pferbe ? <2r bat nur brei. SBiemef 

Has Their father many horses 1 He has only three. Mow many 

$mber tyahm @ie ? 3d) lja6e tuer Xoditefnnb brei Sebne. 

children have They 1 I have four daughters and three sons. 

2Bte alt ift 3fyr dttefter (Sofjn ? & i(i fitnf unb $tt>an$ig 

How old is Their oldest son 1 He is five and twenty 

Sabre alt. 2Bie alt ift Sbr SSater ? & ifr tuerjig unb einige 

years old. How old is Their father 1 He is forty and several 

Sabre alt. 2Cte alt ift Sbr ©rej&ater ? ®r iff an bk acfjtgig 

years old. How old is Their grandfather 1 He is on the eighty 

Sabre alt. 9EBte alt finb Sie ? Set) bin nettn unb g^anjig 

years old. How old are They 1 I am nine and twenty 

Sabre alt. SDBie fdiwer ijt Sfyr Coffer ? @r i(l fceinabe 

years old. How heavy is Their trunk 1 He is almost 

fimfjtg ^)funb fcbft>er. SBie alt tji 3bre jungfte Xcdjtev ? 

fifty pound heavy. How old is Their youngest daughter! 

@ie ijl acbtgebn %abxe alu -2Bie bed) tfl biefeg 3^ m ^ e ^ ? @$ 

She is eighteen years old. How high is this room 1 It 

ift jebn big jwolf gug bod). SSte fct)tt>er tfl btefer Dd)S ? dr 

is ten till twelve foot high. How heavy is this ox 1 He 

ill: jwetbuubert unb einige ^}funb [corner. SDBtet>tcf barest 

is two hundred and several pound hekvy. How many were 

Sbrer ? d$ warm unfer Jtoeif* SBte&iel jmb il;ref ? @g- 

of Them 1 It were of us twelve. How many are of them 1 It 

jmb ibrer funf unb merjig. ^IBtemel ift Sbr 5Ring n>ertb ? 

are of them five and forty. How much is Their ring worth 1 

(gr ijt etwa fitnfjebn SotfarS mxtl). Sftetne Ui)r ift ungefdbr 

He is perhaps fifteen dollars worth. My watch is about 

funf unb fedmg ^oilavS wertb* 5£ie fang i\i fciefee Stkib ? 

five and sixty dollars worth. How long is this dress 1 

@g i\t groet (iilm tang. SfBxe hod) ift btefe* jpajtg ? @g ifi 

It is two yards long. How high is this house 1 It is 

ungefdl)r funfjtg guf bocb. Unfer j>aus ifl brei unb fecfyjtg 

about "fifty foot high. Our house is three and sixty 

gup f)od). 2Bie tief ifl 3&r SSnmnen ? @r tfl ungefdbr 

foot high. How deep is Their well 1 He is about 

6 



122 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

emfyunbert $u$ ttef- 2>tefe gftauer tjt arfyt $ug bed). 3^te (grbe 

one hundred foot deep. This wall is eight toot high. The earth 

^at einen Durcfymeflfer Don etntaufenb ftebenbunbert unb acbt 

has a diameter of one thousand seven hundred and eight 

itnb jwanjtg geograpb* SRetfett, unb em Saljr »on bretbunbert 

and twenty geograph. miles, and a year of three hundred 

imb fmtf imb fect^tg £agen, funf gtunben unb ad)t unb trierjtg 

and five and sixty days, five hours and eight and forty 

SDttmtfetu 9Str fcfyretben je|t etntaufenb acbtbunbert unb fecfyg 

minutes. We write now one thousand eight hundred and six 

unb tuerjtg* Ste ttntrbe geboren ben funf unb jroangtgfteit 

and forty. She was born the five and twentieth 

Samtar etntaufenb ftebenbunbert unb neun unb neunjtg* 

January one thousand seven hundred and nine and ninety. 

3m Saljre etntaufenb acfytbunbert unb gn>ei unb *>ter$tg* 

In to the year one thousand eight hundred and two and forty. 

£)ret dentner 3ucfer* ^unfjebn ^pfunb gletfdn 3ebn 

Three hundred weight sugar. Fifteen pound meat. Ten 

©altonen 2Betn. 2>ret Zonnm ^eblen* 3^ 33ud) papier* 

gallons wine. Three tons coals. Ten book paper. 

3tt>6tf (gtfen 93anb. 3^et ©tunben* Sin unb funfttg 

Twelve yards ribbon. Two hours. One and fifty 

SOtatem gffinf Xage. ©erf)3 %at)xe. ©teben donate. 

miles. Five days. Six years. Seven months. 

Obs. — In expressing measure or weight, masculine 
and neuter nouns, like spfunb, (Sentner, Surf), &c, are used 
in the singular even after a numeral 5 but feminine nouns, 
like (glten, ©aUonen, &a, are used in the plural. In ex- 
pressing age, either %ahv or %ahxe may be used. In 
expressing measure or weight, collective nouns, like 
3urfer 7 SBetn, papier, are not inflected. In expressing 
measure, weight, length of time or age, the respective 
nouns are used in the accusative case. 

Has your father many horses ? He has only three. 
How many children have you ? I have four daughters 
and three sons. How old is your eldest son ? He is 
twenty-five years of age. How old is your father ? 
He is over forty years of age. How old is your grand- 
father ? He is nearly eighty years of age. What is 
your age ? I am twenty-nine years old. How heavy 
is your trunk ? It weighs nearly fifty pounds. How 
old is your youngest daughter ? She is eighteen years 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 123 

old. How high is this room ? It is from ten to twelve 
feet high. How heavy is this ox ? It weighs two 
hundred and odd pounds. How many were there of 
you ? There were twelve of us. How many are there 
of them ? There are forty-five of them. How much 
is your ring worth ? It may be worth fifteen dollars. 
My watch is worth about sixty-five dollars. How long 
is this dress ? It is two yards long. How high is this 
house ? It is about fifty feet high. Our house is sixty- 
three feet high. How deep is your well ? It is about 
a hundred feet deep. This wall is eight feet high. The 
earth has a diameter of one thousand seven hundred and 
twenty-eight geographical miles, and a year of three 
hundred and sixty-five days, five hours and forty-eight 
minutes. This is the year one thousand eight hundred 
and forty-six. She was born on the twenty-fifth day of 
January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine. 
In the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. 
Three hundred weight of sugar. Fifteen pounds of 
meat. Ten gallons of wine. Three tons of coal. 
Ten quires of paper. Ten yards of ribbon. Two 
hours. Fifty-one miles. Five days. Six years. 
Seven months. 



&n f erne, cut, one. 
©ner, tint, eineiv one. 
£er erne, tie erne, i>a$ cute, the one. 

Nom. %wti f two, tret, three. 

Gen, 3*Peter, of two, treier, of three. 

Dat. gwetett) to two, breiett, to three. 

Ace. £\vei, two, tret, • three. 

din Scht* ©iter* ©tie £eckei\ Sine* 

One son. One. One daughter. One. 

dme& Sin tyflortat ©iter* Sine Snutfce* 

One. One month. One. One hour. 

%ibv. (gtited. SDer erne 53ruber. -Die eine 

year. One. "The one brother. The one 

cute $wb* Sitter mettter grennbe. Sine mettter gretm* 

one child. One of mv friends. One of rav (female) 



Sin 


tftnb* 


One 


child. 


Sine* 


Sin 


One. 


One 


Aran. 


Xa$ 


woman. 


The 



124 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 

btnnen* @meg fetner ^ferbe* £>ie (Srjtcbung ctneg Sebtte^ 

friends. One of my horses. The education of one son. 

£er 3nbaft enter ©eite* £te Slnhmft ettteg ©djiffeg. Sa^ 

The contents of one page. The arrival of one ship* The 

Sifter be£ emeu Mxiahen. 3Me genfter ber eineu Stnbe, 

age of the one boy. The windows of the one room. 

£>er SBerfauf beg eineu £aufe& 3d) war bet etnem metner 

The sale of the one house. I was at to one of my 

greunbe* 3n etnem metner gimmev. 3d) 9^9 mtt euter 

friends In to one of my rooms. I went with to one 

nteuter ©d)tt>ejlern fpajterem 3wet ganje 3al)re* £>ret *>olfe 

of my sisters to walk. Two whole years. Three full 

©tunbett* 9D?eme bret 23ritber, £er 33efnd) jweter grenn* 

hours. My three brothers. The visit of two (female) 

btntten* 25ie Shthmft jVDeter grennbe, 3Me gtbmefenbett 

friends. The arrival of two friends. The absence 

breter ©cfyuter* >DaS £immev metner bret Sdpefterm 3d) 

of three pupils. The room of my three sisters. I 

babe btee Den bret ^perfenen gebort* 3* ertmtere mid) ber 

have this from to three persons heard. I recollect myself of the 

bret &evven+ St ift ber ©gentbnmer tton btefen tner £dufenu 

three gentlemen. He is the owner of to these four houses. 

3d) brewefye em £mnbert @ter* & fmtfre eiu ganje^ ^unbert 

I want one hundred eggs. He bought one whole hundred 

$(afd)en nnb em £anfenb ^frcpfe. 

bottles and one thousand corks. 

Obs. — Cardinal numbers are indeclinable, excepting 
cut, etne, etn, ^et, and bret* The first is declined either 
like the indefinite article or like an adjective preceded 
by the definite article. The two others, in connexion 
with a noun, are not declined when they are preceded 
by a pronoun or governed by a preposition. 

One son. One. One daughter. One. One child. 
One. One month. One. One hour. One. One year. 
One. The one brother. The one woman. The one 
child. One of my friends. One of my (f.) friends. 
One of his horses. The education of one son. The 
contents of one page. The arrival of one ship. The 
age of the one boy. The windows of the one room. 
The sale of the one house. 1 was with one of my 
friends. In one of my rooms. I took a walk with one 
of my sisters. Two whole years. Three full hours. 
My three brothers. The visit of two (f.) friends. The 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



125 



arrival of two friends. The absence of three pupils. 
The room of my three sisters. I have heard this from 
three persons. I recollect the three gentlemen. He is 
the owner of these four houses. I want one hundred 
eggs. He bought a whole hundred bottles and one 
thousand corks. 



ORDINAL NUMBERS. 



ber, bie, 



rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rt 


rr 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 


rr 


// 


rr 



ba$ erfte, 

brttte, 

fcterte, 

funfte, 

fed^te, 

ftefcente, 

acf)te, 

neimte, 

jebnte, 

elfte, 

bretjebnte, 
tnerjebute, 
funfjebnte, 

ftebjebnte, 
acfytjebnte, 
iiemtgebnte, 
jnxmjtgjte, 
tin tint) jtioanjtgtfe, 
jwet imb groanjigfte, 
bret unb jroanjtgfle, 
Dter imb jroanjtgiie, 
fitnf unb $u>an jtgfie, 
fecM unb 'jtoanjtgfie, 
ftebeu unb gnxmjtgfte, 
acbt imb jroanjtgjte, 
neint unb jftmnjtgjle, 
breiftgfie, 



the first. 
" second. 
" third. 
" fourth. 
" fifth. 
" sixth. 
" seventh. 
" eighth. 
" ninth. 
" tenth. 
" eleventh 
" twelfth. 
" thirteenth. 
" fourteenth. 
" fifteenth. 
" sixteenth. 
u seventeenth. 
" eighteenth. 
" nineteenth. 
u twentieth. 
" twenty-first. 
" twenty-second. 
" twenty-third. 
" twenty-fourth 
" twenty-fifth. 
" twenty. sixth. 
" twenty-seventh. 
" twenty-eighth. 
" twenty-ninth. 
" thirtieth. 



126 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 



ber, bte, 



// 


ft 


ft 


// 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


// 


ft 


ft 


// 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


rt 


ft 


ft 


9* 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ff 


// 


ff 


ff 


// 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ff 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ff 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ft 


ff 


ft 



ba$ Dierjtgfte, 
fmtfetgfie, 

fechjtgfte, 
fcebgtgfte, 

adhfjtgfte, 

neimjigjte, 

futnbertfte, 

bunbert tmb erfle, 

bunbert unb jmette, 

bunbert unb brttte, 

bunbert unb rnerte, 

bunbert unb funfte, 

jroetbunberrfte, 

bretbunbertfie, 

tnerbunbertfte, 

funfbunbertfte, 

ferf$ bunbert jte, 

ftebenbunbertfte, 

acfytbimbertfie, 

rtemtbunbertfle, 

tanfenkfte, 

jtt)Htatifenbfle, 

brettaufenbfte, 

btertaitfenbfie, 

flnftaufenbfle, 

fetf^taufenbfle, 

jTebentaufenbfie, 

acbttaufenbfte, 

neuntaufenbfte, 

jebntaufenbfte, 



the 

a 
ti 

it 

ti 
a 
a 
a 

a 

tt 
tt 
et 

it 

a 
tt 
a 
a 
tt 
a 
a 

tt 
a 
it 

a 
it 
a 
a 



fortieth, 
fiftieth, 
sixtieth, 
seventieth, 
eightieth. 
ninetieth. 
hundredth, 
hundred and first, 
hundred and second, 
hundred and third, 
hundred and fourth, 
hundred and fifth, 
two hundredth, 
three hundredth, 
four hundredth, 
five hundredth, 
six hundredth, 
seven hundredth, 
eight hundredth, 
nine hundredth, 
thousandth, 
two thousandth, 
three thousandth, 
four thousandth, 
five thousandth, 
six thousandth, 
seven thousandth, 
eight thousandth, 
nine thousandth, 
ten thousandth. 



Sen ttneinelften ba6en xoix beute ? S£?tr baben f)eute ben 

The how most have we to-day 1 We hare to-day the 

jebnten* 2Btr baben beute ben tin unb jtoanjtgjtem SGBaS 

tenth. We hare to-day the one and twentieth. What 

tjl beute fur em Saturn ? " &ente tft ber fcner unb $tt>att$tgfte* 

is to-day for a date 1 To-day is the four and twentieth. 

dv ftavb am ferf^ten Sunt ad^ebnbuubert unb fecfjS unb 

He died on to the sixth June eighteen hundred and six and 

aterjig, Sa3 acfttjebnbimbert unb fed)g unb werjigjte Satyr* 

forty. The eighteen hundred and six and fortieth year. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 127 

3dj bin ber grjte in ber Scbute* £n 6i$ ber SBferte. 2>eut 

I am the first in to the school. Thou art the fourth. Thy 

aSntber tfi ber Sfrbte* £er brttte Rank. Xa$ acfttjehnte 

brother is the eighth. The third volume. The eighteenth 

JvamteL £er fteben unb irier^igjie 33er& 2lm tnerjebnten 

chapter. The seven and fortieth verse. On to the fourteenth 

btefeg SWonatS* SDfe bunbert unb funf unb bretpigfte Uefcnng. 

of this month. The hundred and five and thirtieth exercise. 

^tdfrarb ber brttte. Marl ber gnnfte* grtebrtdb ber %mite. 

Richard the Third. Charles the Fifth. Frederick the Second. 

Gatbaruta bte %mite. &etnrtcf) ber Sterte* 

Catharine the Second. Henry the Fourth. 

What day of the month is this ? This is the tenth. 
This is the twenty-first. What is the date to-day? 
This is the twenty-fourth. He died on the sixth day 
of June, eighteen hundred and forty-six. The eighteen 
hundred and forty-sixth year. I am the first in school. 
Thou art the fourth. Thy brother is the eighth. The 
third volume. The eighteenth chapter. The forty- 
seventh verse. On the fourteenth of this month. 
Exercise one hundred thirty-five. Richard III. 
Charles V. Frederick II. Catharine II. Henry IV. 



S}alb, half. 

£er r tie, ba$ baibe, half the. 

din balber, etne bafbe, em battel, half a. 

Slnbertbatb {meaning one and the other half), one and a 

half. 
'Zvittebatb or brtttba(6 {meaning two and the third half), 

two and a half. , 
2Stertebal6 or merfbatb, three and a half. 
gnnftebaI6 or fimftbaft, four and a half. 
Secf)3teba(6 or fed^tbalb, five and a half, &c. &c. 

25te &affte, the half. 

3wet £d(ften, two halves. 

£a£, em Xrtttef, the, a, one third. 

3ft>et 2)rittel, two thirds. 

Xa$, em SSiertef, the, a, one fourth. 

©ret SSiertel, three fourths. 

Xa$, em gftttftel, the, a, one fifth. 



1 2S EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Ster guaftcl, four fifths. 

2>a3, em ©ecfygtel, the, a, one sixth. 

gi'mf Secret, five sixths. 

SDaS, em ©tebentei, the, a, one seventh. 

@edjg ©tebentef, six sevenths. 

£aS, em SJcfytef, the, a, one eighth. 

©te&ett Slcfytel, seven eighths. 

©a3, ein SJeuntet, the, a, one ninth. 

Slcfyt SJetmtet, eight ninths. 

5Da£, ettt B^tei, the, a, one tenth. 

SEetttt 3^7^/ n * ne tenths. 

5Da3, ein 3W6IJM, the, a, one twelfth. 

©f Bm&ftej) eleven twelfths. 

Sag, em Bwatt jtgfiel, the, a, one twentieth, 

3Da£, ein ^imbettjM, the, a, one hundreth. 



®ni haibex ©otfot* dine batbe Stimbe. din baibe§ 

A half dollar. A half hour. A " half 

Safyr* ©it tjalbex Zag. dine baibe dtie. din baibex $u#* 

year. A half day. A half yard. A half foot, 

25er Mxng ift balb fccC ©eben ©te mtr trie £dffte* 9iebmen 

The pitcher is half full. Give They to me the half. Take 

gie cine #&lfte. d& ifr um bte jfcalfte Ueinex. £a£ gag 

The;/ one half. 'It is about the half smaller. The cask 

tfl bio jur S>aifte leer, din tyalbeg ^>fimb 3tet3* Slttbert* 

is till to the half empty. A half pound rice. One and a 

balb ^)funb M\e. Qxittbalb ^funb £abaf ♦ dinen fyalbett 

half pound cheese. Two and a half pound tobacco. A half 

£ag fang. Gmten bal&en gtt# brett SOBir toavteten anberfc* 

day long. A half foot broad. We waited one and a 

balb ©hmben. %ebn wnb erne baibe dtle. ®ret unb em 

half hours. Ten and a half yard. Three and a 

balbev gug. %imf tmb ein balbe$ spftntb. £rei tmb eineu 

half foot. Five and a half pound Three and a 

balbzn %v$ hod). Broanjig unb ein balbe$ ^)fimb frf)tt>et\ 

half foot high. Twenty and a half pound heavy. 

din 23tertetjaf)r. dine SStertetette* £ret 3StertefeIIen. 

A quarter of a year. A quarter of a yard. Three quarters of a yard. 

din' SStertelpfunb. dine SBtertelfhmbe* Sret 

A quarter of a pound. A quarter of an hour. Three 

aSterteffhtnfcen. gBieind llfjr tfl e$ ? @3 ift halb etttS, m 

quarters of an hour. How much clock is it 1 It is half one It 

tft ijalb jrceu d$ tfl I>aI6 fiinf. d$ ift ein Siertef auf $et)tt> 

i§ half twr. It is half five, It is a quarter up to tea, 



iCASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 129 

®6 1ft em SStertel narf) iieim* @3 tji bret SStertel auf funf. 

It is a quarter after nine. It is three quarters up to five. 

SOBtr faincn tint brei Ubr. Urn halb gtt>eu S3 ift ncd> 

We came about three clock. About half two. It is yet 

i\\d)t trier Ubr. B^iiutg SKmutett ttadfo tua\ @3 fcnlagt 

not four clock. Twenty minutes after four. It strikes 

ferfjg. @S ift jte&ett, 

six. It is seven. 

Half a dollar. Half an hour. Half a year. Half 
a day. Half a yard. Half a foot. The pitcher is 
half full. Give me half. Take one half. It is small- 
er by half. The cask is empty to the middle. Haifa 
pound of rice. One pound and a half of cheese. 
Two pounds and a half of tobacco. For half a day. 
Half a foot wide. We waited one hour and a half. 
Ten yards and a half. Three feet and a half. Five 
pounds and a half. Three feet and a half high. 
Twenty and a half pounds heavy. A quarter of a 
year. A quarter of a yard. Three quarters of a yard. 
A quarter of a pound. A quarter of an hour. Three 
quarters of an hour. What o'clock is it ? It is half 
past twelve. It is half past one. It is half past four. 
It is a quarter past nine. It is a quarter after nine. 
It is three quarters past four. We came at three 
o'clock. At half past one. It is not yet four o'clock. 
Twenty minutes past four. It is striking six. It is 
seven o'clock. 



grueniv firstly. gihtften^ fifthly. 

^miteng, secondly. ©ecbeten^, sixthly. 

^rttten^ thirdly. 3etntten£ / tenthly. 

SSierien^ fourthly, 3&cm$g$m& f twentiethly. 

ffi?arum baben Ste mtdj gefteru mcftt fcfuciu ? @r$en3 

Why have They me yesterday not visited I Firstly 

batit id) mrf)t 3ctF, auSjugeben : jtretten^ wax mein SBater 

had I not time cut to go : seccndlv was my father 

mipdBUrf) ; trttten^ roar eg jciUeaife3 5£ettei\ (frfteng tjt 

unwell ; thirdly was it bad weather. Firstly is 

6* 



130 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ber SKamt arm ; jroeitenS ift er f rdnf (trf) nnb brttten^ fyat er 

the man poor ; secondly is he sickly, and thirdly has he 

eute gro£e §amttte* 

a large family. 

Why did you not call upon me yesterday 7 Firstly, 
I had no time to go out ; secondly, my father was un- 
well ; and thirdly, the weather was bad. Firstly, the 
man is poor ; secondly, he is sickly ; and thirdly, he 
has a large family. 



OK a I, time. 

Zft* erfte &* or, j > h firgt . 

3um eriten SKafe, 5 

f^^ ei f^ r or '? the second time. 
£a£ tnevre SWaf, the fourth time. 

Stttmal, once. gimfmal, five times. 

3tt>emtaf, twice. Secfygmaf, six times. 

Sreittial, three times. 3 e ^ ima v ten times. 

SBtermal, four times. jjtmfcertmaf, a hundred times. 

SDiegtttaf, this time. SStelmafS, many times. 

Sflfetnal, J every time ^ebrmate, several times. 

Sebetimaf, \ 5 ' ' Semal*, ever. 

SNcmdjmaf, sometimes. SftiemaB, never. 

3d) fehe ibn jebe SBodje eutmaL £te tjjt gnoetmal l)iev 

I see him every week once. She is twice here 

gett>efcn. ©agen Ste e3 nod) einmaL Steffed Sett ifi bret* 

been. Tell They it yet once. This line is three 

mat fo fang ate jmd. gimfmat fi'mf tp fimf nnb jwan jtg, 

times so long as that. Five times five is five and twenty. 

©echSmal Vecfyg tft fecfyg nnb breiptg* 3d) babe biefeS S3itd) 

Six times six is six and thirty. I have this book 

gweimal gefefen; £a$ erfte Wlai tint ffitcftttg, obex ba$ gn>ette 

twice read; the first time only hastily, but the second 

■Dtat febr ctufmerffam* Oeben Ste mandhnial tti$ £beater? 

time very attentively. Go They sometimes into the theatre 1 

Stub Ste fc§ten SECtnter oft tnsf £beater gegangen? 3tf) 

Are They last winter often into the theatre gone ? I 

bin jebumat Mneut gegangcn* @eben Sie oft ju Sfyrem 

am ten times thereinto gone. Go They often to Their 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 131 

Setter? Scf) gefye jebe SBoche bretmal ju ibm. 3cf) ttar 

cousin 1 I go every week three times to to him. I was 

mvmal in feutem ftaufe ; ba£ erfte 93M n>ar er unttoM ; 

four times in to his house ; the first time was he unwell ; 

ba3 jmette 5M traf id) tfyn mcfct ju §aufe ; ate id) jum 

the second time met I him not at house ; when I to the 

brttten tyflate f am, wax er gerabe 6efdhdfttgt ; aber ba$ inerte 

third time came, was he just occupied ; but the fourth 

S J)M getang e£ mix, ibn ii&er %hxe SJngefegettbett ju fprecfyetn 

time succeeded it to me him about Their affair to speak. 

@te fptelte baiJe(6e ©turf fecf)3maf+ Ste^mal tjl 3&re SJufgabe 

She played the same piece six times. This time is Their lesson 

fehterfreu 3d) bake S^reti greunb mefrrmate fccfudfjt* @r 

faultless. I have Their friend several times visited. He 

f am attentat ju fpak §a6eit Ste e£ ;emat3 fcerfucfyt ? 3dE) 

came every time too late. Have They it ever tried] I 

fyafce'eg btelmafe fcerfucftt, a6er eg"ijt mir memate gelmtgett- 

have it many times tried, but it is to me never succeeded. 

I see him once every week. She has been here 
twice. Tell it once more. This line is three times as 
long as that. Five times five are twenty-five. Six 
times six are thirty-six. I have read this book twice ; 
the first time only hastily, but the second time very at- 
tentively. Do you sometimes go to the theatre? Did 
you often go to the theatre last winter? I went thither 
ten times. Do you often go to your cousin's? I call 
upon him three times every week. I was at his house 
four times ; the first time he was unwell ; the second 
time I did not meet him at home ; when I came the 
third time, Jie was just occupied ; but the fourth time I 
succeeded in speaking to him about your affair. She 
played the same piece six times. This time your lesson 
is faultless. I have called upon your friend several 
times. He every time came too late. Have you ever 
tried it? I have many times tried, but I never suc- 
ceeded in it. 



dlod) mxrnal fo met, as much, as many again. 
9iccb etnmat fo Brett, as wide again. 
i>ioch einmat fo ttef, as deep again. 



132 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ytod) etrtmat fo bid, as thick again. 
3torf) etnmat fo lang, as long again. 
died) einmal fo alt, as old again. 



©nfad), single. giinffad), fivefold. 

Seppeftv double. ©ed^fad), sixfold. 

©retfad), threefold. Qetynfad), tenfold. 

g?ierfa<% fourfold. Sjunbertfach, a hundredfold. 



(Srjted &apiteL $ront?$ StapiteL Sterter Sfaftritt 

First chapter. Second chapter. Fourth scene. 

fritter Stofjttg* ©ette embnnbert 

Third act. Page one hundred. 

Chapter I. Chapter II. Fourth sefhe. "'jThird act. 
Page 100. 



2Qo twbxien ©te ? 3d) tt>oi)ne in ber jwanjtgften ©frape 

Where live They? I live in Wthe twentieth street, 

SWummer gtoetbunfcert unb atfyt unb jaJtfgtg. 3n bcr gefynten 

number two hundred and eight and fifty. Jn to the tenth 

©trape Summer acfyt unb iteunjtg. „ f r f J\ 

street, number eight and ninety. n i. j - &* » * 

Where do you reside ? I reside at number two hun- 
dred and fifty-eight twentieth-street. At number nine- 
ty-eight tenth-street. 



A p:.ir gloves. A dozen eggs. 

A pair of gloves, A dozen eggs. 



The 


children are 


Sift £lt 


mem 


Art 


thou 


my 


Sff 


ba$ 


$ferb 


Is 


the 


horse 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 133 

VERBS. 

©ettt, to be. 

PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 

3d) bin $ufrteben. j)u bift ftug* @r ift gefaflftg* ©ie ift 

I am content. Thou art prudent. He is obliging. She is 

fcefcfyetben. &$ (tag &au$) ift fcfjom 9Btr finb betregem 

modest. It (the house) is beautiful. We are deceived. 

3t)r feib fcernimfttg* ©ie (©) ftnb gitttg* 3Me jtinber finb 

You are reasonable. They are kind. 

arttg* ©ie jTnb Hug* Sin id) filter? 

kind. Thev are prudent. Am I safe 1 

grennb ? 3ft er gefdytcft ? 3ft fte jnng ? 

friend % Is he skilful 1 Is she young % 

fcfyen? 3ft e3 fafmt? ©inb mir baju fcerecbtigt? ©eib 

shy 1 Is it lame 1 Are we thereto entitled 1 Are 

3hr gerecfyt ? ©inb ©ie frcmf ? ©inb tie SSKdtcfeen gefcbitft ? 

you just 1 Are They sick 1 Are the girls skilful 1 

©tnb fie flei£ig ? 3d) tin nidbt bnngrig. 35tf bill ntcftt etteL 

Are they industrious 1 I am not hungry. Thou art not vain. 

(gv tfi nicbt fiofj*. ©ie tfi mcftt ju £cmfe. £a3 9D?efier tfi 

He h not proud. She is not at house. The knife is 

md]t frfjarf* (Si tfi mcfyt jiuntpf. 2Bir fTttb nidit beletbtgt 

not sharp. It is not blunt. We are not offended. 

3fyr fetb nid)t fcorftcfyttg, ©ie (©) ftnb xttdbt Dcrfaffen* Tie 

You are not cautious. They are not forsaken. The 

©trafjen fmb mtfjt rein* ©ie fmb ntcfjt fdimufeig* -2?in id) 

streets are not clean. They are not muddy. Am I 

ttttfjt feiu gremtb ? 23ift £u nicbt fcm ©obn ? 3ft er mtfrt 

not his friend 1 Art thou not his son 1 Is he not 

it)r 8fr#-S 3ft p ttidjt nteme ©itmefter? 3ft eg ntdf>t 

her physician 1 Is she not my sister 1 Is it not 

tvabv ? ©inb xoiv mcht frei ? ©eib 3^ ntcht jnfrieben ? 

true 1 Are we not free 7 Are you not content 1 

©inb ©ie tucfct ein £euifdher ? ©inb 3bre SSruber ntdht bier ? 

Are They .not a German 1 Are Their brothers not here 1 

©inb fte nid)t gegeim>artig ? 

Are they not present 1 

Obs. — ©ie finb signifies they are, and ©ie finb corres- 
ponds to you are ; the latter having only a capital © in ©ie 
for a distinguishing mark. In German, persons usually 
address each other in the third person plural, a peculiarity 
which concerns both the pronoun and the verb, and 
claims the attention of the learner, more especially as 
regards the verb, inasmuch as throughout the whole 



134 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

conjugation the second and third persons plural have 
two different forms. The learner will best succeed in 
familiarizing himself with this peculiarity by establish- 
ing the view, that in German persons are spoken to as 
a number of persons or things are spoken of. 

I am content. Thou art prudent. He is obliging. 
She is modest. It (the house) is beautiful. We are 
deceived. You are reasonable. You are kind. The 
children are kind. They are prudent. Am 1 safe ? Art 
thou my friend ? Is he skilful ? Is she young ? Is 
.the horse shy? Is it lame? Are we entitled to it? 
Are you just ? Are you sick ? Are the girls skilful ? 
Are they industrious? I am not hungry. Thou art 
not vain. He is not proud. She is not at home. The 
knife is not sharp. It is not blunt. We are not of- 
fended. You are not cautious. You are not forsaken. 
The streets are not clean. They are not muddy. Am 
I not his friend ? Art thou not his son ? Is he not her 
physician ? Is she not my sister ? Is it not true ? Are 
we not free ? Are you not content ? Are you not a 
German ? Are your brothers not here ? Are they not 
present ? 



© e i n, to be. 

IMPERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 

3d) tvav im ©artetu 3rf) tt>ar md)t tm gimffier* 2Bar 

I was in to the garden. I was not in to the room. Was 

id} flet£ig ? Sffiar id) ntrf)t unfdjufotg ? ©o warfi 2m ? 

I industrious ! Was I not innocent 1 Where wast thou! 

SDBarfl 5Du md)t auf bent Sanbe ? £u roarfi mcfyt aufmerf fam. 

Wast thou not on to the country! Thou wast not attentive. 

SS?o n>ar er ? dv tt>ar bet femem gretmbe* @r war tricfyt 

Where was he % He was at to his friend. He was not 

bcu 2Bar er ntdjt in ber ©tabt ? Sffiar fte fdjon ? (2ie 

there. Was he not in to the town! Was she handsome ! She 

tvav eg* ©te tt>ar ntrfjt glucHtdn 2Bar fte mcfyt jwtg? 

was it. She was not fortunate. Was she not young! 

3>ag Mcib war tbeuer. @g war ntcfyt f)it6frf). $Bar eg 

The dress was dear. It was not pretty, W^as it 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 135 

md)t gefb? SB?ar e£ grim? 903tr ttareit tm Sweater* 

not yellow 1 Was it green 1 TTe were in to the theatre. 

SSBareit mv fritber ba ate Ste ? UBtr maren tttcbt tit ber 

Were we earlier there than They I We were not in to the 

ftivd)?. 2Barett mv niifyt fo fleigtg tok jene $na&en ? 3br 

church. Were we not so industrious as those boys % You 

wavet frdge* 3<J# roaret nxcht aufmerffanu s J2aret Sfyr 

were lazy. You were not attentive Were you 

geberfam ? 2Saret 3br ntdjt imgeborfam ? ®te (©) 

obedient ! Were you not disobedient I They 

ttareit ftug* 2Carett ®ie fcergnftgt ? Ste (2) ttarett nidbt 

were prudent. Were They happy] They were not 

tit bent ?abett* SOBaren Ste mcftt auf bent SSatfe ? 3Me 

in to the store. Were They not on to the ha.ll 1 The 

Sameit toavext ittctit bet £tfdhe* Sie ttarett tm ©arten* 

ladies were not at to table. They were in to the garden. 

SBBaren fie abroefenb ? iT?aren fte mdht aitroefettb ? 



I was in the garden. I was not in the room. Was 
I industrious ? Was I not innocent ? Where wast 
thou ? Wast thou not in the country ? Thou wast not 
attentive. Where was he ? He was with his friend. 
He was not there. Was he not in town ? Was she 
handsome ? She was so. She was not fortunate. 
Was she not young ? The dress was dear. It was 
not pretty. Was it not yellow ? Was it green ? We 
were at the theatre. Were we there sooner than you ? 
We were not at church. Were we not as industrious 
as those boys ? You were lazy. You were not atten- 
tive. Were you obedient ? Were you not disobedient ? 
You were prudent. Were you happy? You were not 
in the store. Were you not at the ball ? The ladies 
were not at table. They were in the garden. Were 
they absent ? Were they not present ? 



POSITION IN A SENTENCE OF ] Z \ It IN THE PRESENT 
AND IMPERFECT TENSES. 

@g tji fpfifc SgBtff&i <£te, *me jipfit e^ if! ? 2Bte fyat i]l 

It is late. Know They how late it is 1 How late is 



136 EAS¥ LESSONS IN GERMAN* 

eg ? 3ft bfefeS 3^ rnmc ^ $u gtog ? 3d) glaube, ba$ eg ftebef 

it 1 Is this room too large 1 I believe that it neither 

git grcf? nerf) ju f tern ijh SOBag ifi in biefem ©lafe ? SOBifleit 

too large nor too small is. What is in to this glass 1 Know 

gie, mag in biefem ©lafe xji ? ©agen Sie mir, wag barin 

They what in to this glass is ? Tell They to me what therein 

tfi* 3d) babe lange gefrfjrieben, aber id) bin nod) nid)t ferttg* 

is. I hare long written, but I am not yet done. 

c iv fi'efyt -gut aix$, ofcgfetd) er fxant ift. 3d) fann bag Mkib 

He looks well out, though he sick is. I can the dress 

nid)t tragen, u>eif eg git fang ifh 3d) tterbe nid)t fpagieren 

not wear, because it too long is. I shall not to walk 

geben, U)eit meine SWutfer nnpcifHid) ifL 5fi?arnm if t er nicbt ? 

so, because my mother indisposed is. Why eats he not '1 

SOBeil er nidjt fyungrtg \\~i. 3d) trane ibm, weif er ebr(id) 

Because he not hungry is. I trust to him, because he honest 

t'ft 3t)r $affee iji nid)t fug gemtg* 3d) glaube, ba£ er nid)t 

is. Their coffee is not sweet enough. I believe that he not 

fug gemtg ifi 23enn er eg nidjt ill*, fo fagen ®ie eg* SGB.o ip 

sWeet enough is. If he it not is> so tell They it. Where is 

mein SSrnber ? Stiffen ®ie, tt>o ntein SBrnber i|l ? SS?c 

my brother 1 Know They where my brother is 1 Where 

tit ber 9tccf, n>eld)er anggubefjew tft_ < ? SK?er ill eg ? 5K?ifiVn 

is the coat which to mend is 1 Who is it 1 Know 

®ie, tt>er eg i(l ? @g ift eine junge IMnte* 3d) fcenmitbe, 

They who it is 1 It is a young lady. I presume 

fcaf eg eine junge, 3Mme iji, 3d) bin eg, ber eg gefagt bat 

that it a young lady is. I am it, who it said has. 

<§g ftnb Diele "geute frank SBtfl tm eg, 9JJarie? SBte maren 

It are many people sick. Art thou it, Mary 1 How were 

fte geWeibct ? gagen Sie mir, rote fte gefleibet roareiu 3d) 

they dressed 1 Tell They to me how they dressed were. I 

glaube, ba$ fte fd)tt>arg gefleibet ftxum 22er xvav eg? 

believe that they black dressed were. Who was it 1 

SBBifien Sie, mer eg tvav ? 3d) tt>ei£ ntd)f> n>er eg n>ar. 

Know They who it was 1 I know not who it was. 

2Sie geftet 3bnen ber Wlam, mfdjiv bente bei mir tvav ? 

How pleased to Them the man who to-day at to me was 1 

Sie $vai\, mldje bente 9)?crgen roabrenb Sfyrer 2ibn>efenbeit 

The woman which to-day morning daring of Their absence 

gweimal mit ibrer Xocbter bier toav, wiinfdjt Sie jtt fpredjen. 

twice with to her daughter here was, wishes Them to speak. 

2tfg er nneber gefunb tt>ar, reipte er ab. 5Go roaren (Ete, ate 

When he again healthy was travelled he off. Where were They when 

id) bei 3brem ©ruber war ? 2tfg id) bei tbr war, war fte 

I at to Their brother was 1 When I at to her was, was she 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 137 

febr mutiter. SEaren ©te fcort ? Saaen ©fe nur, c& Sxe 

very gay. Were They there ! Tell They to me if They 

tort tt>aren* 

there were. 

Ohs. — The position of the verb fein in the foregoing 
examples is regulated by the following general rules 
referring to any verb : Conjunctions and adverbs, such 
as, a I i, nu e, ba$, o 6 a I e tit, n> e t (, to t vt tt, to o, fyc. ; 
and relative pronouns, such as, \x> e I rf) e r, to e r, \v> a 3, 
<f*c, require the verb with which they are connected at the 
end of the sentence, - Exception. The conjunctions link, 
aber, benn and f o n b e r n, and interrogative adverbs, 
do not influence the position of the verb. 

It is late. Do you know how late it is ? How late 
is it? Is this room too large? I believe that it is 
neither too large nor too small. What is in this glass ? 
Do you know what is in this glass ? Tell me what is 
in it. I have been writing long, but I am not yet done. 
He looks well, though he is sick. I cannot wear the 
dress, because it is too long. I shall not take a walk, 
because my mother is indisposed. Why does he not 
eat? Because he is not hungry. I trust him, because 
he is honest. Your coffee is not sweet enough. If it 
is not, tell it me. Where is my brother ? Do you 
know where my hrother is ? Where is the coat that is 
to be mended ! Who is it ? Do you knew who it is ? 
It is a young lady. I presume that it is a young lady. 
It was I who said so. There are many sick people. Is 
it yon, Mary ? How were they dressed ? Tell me how 
they were dressed. I believe that they were dressed in 
black. Who was it ? Do you know who it was ? 
How were you pleased with the man who was with 
me to-day ? The woman who was here twice with 
her daughter this morning during your absence, 
wishes to speak to you. When he was well again 
he departed. Where were you when I was with your 
brother i When I was with her she was very gay. 
Were you there ? Tell me whether you were there, 



138 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

© e i n, to be. 

COMPOUND TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD — 
INFINITIVE.' 

5Bo U\l Sit gewefen ? %ift Sit ju fcanfe gewefen ? 

Where art thou been % Art thou at to house been 1 

©inb ©ie m ber ©dntte gcwoefen ? 3d) bin tttcf)t ba gewefen. 

Are They in to the school been 1 I am not there been. 

3d) bebanre,. ba^ ©ie nid)t ba gen>efen fmb. ©agen ©ie 

I regret that They not there been are. Tell They 

imr, xvo ©ie gewefen ftnb* ©tub ©ie fcfyon cmf bem 9Warfte 

to me where They been are. Are They already on to the market 

geroefen? 3d) but nod) ntrfjt ba geroefen. 5K3arnm ftnb 

been 1 I am yet not there been. Why are 

©te nod) md)t ba gewefett ? 3ft Sutfe fd)on ba gewefen ? 

They yet not there been 1 Is Louisa already there been 1 

3d) n>et$ ntd)t, ob fte fcfyon ba gemefen ijl. ©eftern tfi 

1 know not whether she already there been is. Yesterday is 

er frdnfer gercefen. (£$ ift fyente ?D?orgen em bider S^ebet 

he worse been. It is to-day morning a thick fog 

gewefen. ©tub nrir ntd)t gfiitflid) gett>efen ? 9?ad)bem id) 

been. Are we not fortunate been 1 After I 

bretmat bergeben^ bet tbm gett>efen roar, fdjrieb id) if)m 

three times in Fain at to him been was, wrote I to him 

biefm SSrief. 3d) ft>erbe nm brei Ubr jn £anfe fern. 3d) 

this letter. I shall about three clock at to house be. I 

bojfe, ha$ id) um brei Ubr ju £anfe fein tt>erbe. SBann 

hope that I about' three clock at to house be shall. When 

nrirb er bier fein ? 3rf) boffe, &af? er balb bier fein ttrirb. 

will he here be 1 I hope that he soon here be will. 

2Bir$ Sn fmtfftg ftarfamer fein ? Sag fann ntcbt fein. 

Wilt thou in future more saving be 1 That can not be. 

StBarttm fann bag nid)t fein ? ©agen @ie mir, nxtrnm bag 

Why can that not . be 2 Tell They to me why that 

ntcfit fein fann. 9D?n£ tdj jngegen fein ? dv gebacbte nm 

not be can. Must I present be % He thought about 

trier Ubr bort gu fein. ©ie fdjeinen nid)t bamit jnfrieben jn 

four clock there to be. They appear not therewith content to 

fein. Sag g>ferb fcf)etnt jnng jn fein. 

be. The horse appears young to be. 

Obs. — Conjunctions and adverbs, such as alg, ttrie, 
£a$, cbgleid), roeif, n>enn, W &c, and relative pronouns, 
such as tt>etd)er, n>er, tt>ag &c, require the auxiliary at 
the end of the sentence ; in all other cases, either the 
past participle or the infinitive closes the sentence. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 139 

Where hast thou been? Wast thou at home? 
Were you at school ? I have not been there. I regret 
that you were not there. Tell me where you have 
been. Have yoti been at the market already ? I have 
not yet been there. Why have you not yet been 
there ? Has Louisa already been there ? I do not 
know - whether she has been there already. Yesterday 
he was worse. There was a thick fog this morning. 
Were we not fortunate ? After I had been at his 
house three times in vain, I wrote this letter to him. 
I shall be at home at three o'clock. I hope that I 
shall be at home at three o'clock. When will he be 
here ? I hope that he will be here soon. Wilt thou 
be more saving in future ? That cannot be. Why can 
that not be ? Tell me why that cannot be. Must I 
be present ? He intended to be there at four o'clock. 
They do not seem to be satisfied with it. The horse 
appears to be young. 



© e t XI, to be. 

SUBJUNCTIVE Z\IO OD. 

@r fagt, fee. fet Derftdrtbtg. 3rf) rounfefye, bag fTe cfMM) 

He says she be prudent. I wish that she happy 

fet. dv rpunfcfyt, bag tcft 6et tbm feu SBBer e3 and) fet, id) 

be. He wishes that I at to him be. Who it also be I 

fantt tbn je§t ntcbt fprecbeiu 2Ba3 aucf) tl)r SSertangen fet, 

can him now not speak. What also her request be 

id) ttritt e3 tbr gewabrett- Qv nritt mtr tie 2Baaren mcfyt 

I will it to her grant. He will to me the goods not 

geben, e£ fet bentt, bag id) tbm ©tdjerbett gebe* 3 e ^S e ^ Ste 

give, it be then that I to him security give. Show They 

e*> tbr, bamtt fie itberjeitgt feu ©eben Ste bem Siinic 

it to her that she convinced be Give They to the child 

etroctS, bamtt e3 rubtg feu Ste atttrocrtete, e3 fet nid)t noabv. 

something that it quiet be. She answered it be not true. 

@r gtaubt, fte fet alter* 9J?an fagte mtr, ba$ ^ferb fet jung. 

He believes she be older. One told to me the horse be young. 

& fcerftcberte mtr, fte fet unfefyutbtg. Q$ tft mebt xatbjam, 

He assured to me she be innocent. It is not advisable 

bag ber gronfe altem feu Ste fagten, fte feten mtr mcfyiS 

that the sick person alone be; They said, they be to me nothing 



140 EASY LESSONS IN GER3IAX. 

frfutlbtg* <2r fd)rie6 mtr, bag er franf gewefen fet. Sie 

owing;. He wrote to me that he sick been be. They 

fcerfuterten ring, bag fte fyter gevuefen fetett* 3d) tt>cEte, bag 

assured to us that they here been be. I might wish that 

er mem greimb tribe, 3d) rooHte, bag Sie aufmerffamer 

he my friend were. I might wish that They more attentive 

waren. @r n>dre gefunfcer, roemt er magiger gercefen 

were. He would be healthier, if he more temperate been 

nriure* Qv n>dre reiser, n>emt er fcorjtcfyttger gevoefen 

were. He would be richer, if he more cautious been 

nxire. ®te waxen gefSjicfter, n>e«n ®te aufmerffamer 

were. They would be more skilful, if They more attentive 

gen>efen ftoreit; SBBenti er tner ware, nmrbe'eg anberS fern* 

been were. If lie here were would it otherwise be. 

2Bemt %t)t ffetfnger ftdret, umrbet 3J)r gelobt tterben. 

If you more industrious were would you praised be. 

SBenn fte flag irdre, ir-urie fte fctybetgeit, Zhun Sie, ate 

If she prudent were would she be silent. Do They as 

c6 Ste gu jpaufe tt&retr* 

though They at to house were. 

He says that she was prudent. I wish that she 
may be happy. He wishes me to be with him. 
Whoever it be, I cannot speak to him now. Whatever 
her request be, I will grant it to her. He is not willing 
to give me the goods, unless I give him security. Show 
it to her that she may be convinced. Give the child 
something that it may be quiet. She answered that it 
was not true. He believes her to be older. They told 
me that the horse was young. He assured me that 
she was innocent. It is not advisable that the sick 
person should be alone. They said that they did not 
owe me anything. He wrote to me that he had been 
sick. They assured us that they had been here. I 
wished that he were my friend. I wished that you 
would be more attentive. He would be healthier, if he 
had been more temperate. He would be wealthier, if 
he had been more cautious. You would be more skil- 
ful, if you had been more attentive. If he were here, it 
would be otherwise. If you were more industrious, 
you would be praised. If she were prudent, she would 
be silent. Do as if you were at home. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 141 



S e i »/ £o be, 

IMPERATIVE 310 OD. 



-Set funftfg fcorftdjttger* Setcn ©ie fo nuftg, ^tnbe^fetb 

Be in Future more cautious. Be They so kind. Children, be 

rnfyig ! Sr fo ll pimfttidj [em. Zav;t tbn gegen&xirttg fete* 

quiet ! He shall punctual be. Let him present be. 

£affen ©te una nacfyjtdtftg fein, CBtr *x>offen jufneben feuu 

Let They us indulgent be. We wiil content be. 

%a$t Sure ©^ibefter |tfgegen (cut. 25er Dfrcf fc[( setter fetiu 

Lei your sister present be. The coat -hall wider be. 

ectfc togenb^aft SetD gegen Sebermann beflteb. Xte $tn* 

Be virtuous. Be towards everybody polite. The chil- 

ber )o\lcn artfger fern* 

dren shall kinder be. 

Be more cautious in future. Be so kind. Children, 
be quiet. Let him be punctual. Let him be present. 
Let us be indulgent. Let us be content. Let your 
sister be present. Let the coat be wider. Be virtuous. 
Be polite toward everybody. Let the children be 
kinder. 



£ a 6 e u, to have. 

PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 

SBad haft £m ? Jen bate em Mifyttes SBncfy. S:an 3}u 

What hast thou ■ I hare a pretty book. Hast thou 

cutte^ papier ? 3* fa&e fetrie& Syvt Vn ment metnen 

good paper] I hare none. Ha>t thou not my 

©reef ? 3d) babe tbn natt SQBetefyen Qui baft En ? ©age 

stick. I have him not. Which hat hast thou 1 Tell 

rotr, toetcfyen £ut Tit baft, etc feben, roeldmx £ut id) bate* 

to me which hat thou hast. They see which hat I have. 

S:at er met ©elb ? Sr bat itutt meL s H } ag fur em £au6 

Has he much money 1 He has not much. What for a house 

bat er ? jdj *petg ntcht, roaS fur em §auc> er bat. $}at er 

has he 1 I know not what for a house he has. Has he 

ntcbt metnen 3£egenfd)trm ? @r bat tbn ni^t :oat ffe 

not my umbrella 7 ; He has him not Has she 

Oiabeht ? ©te bat fetne. Syu fee metnen gmgerbut ? ©te 

needles I She has none. Has she my thimble ? She 

bat tbn ntcht £as Kabftffen) ifleldjeg ffe bat tji bixb\\i\ 

has him not. The sewing cushion which she has is pretty. 

Syxt ba$ ffcxb £eu? (£g bat feme?. SEBtetuel genfter bat 

Hss the horse hay 1 It has none. How manv windows has 



142 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ba$ 3tmmer ? 3cf) g(aube / e£ bat beren breu 23a3 l)dbt 

the room 1 I believe it has of them three. What have 

3t)r? mv fyaben ©e(b. £ctbt 3!)runfere Sriefe? SBir 

you 1 We have money • Have you our letters 1 We 

fyaben fie ntd)t S^abt 3br uid)t meine 9Jte|fer unb ©abeln ? 

have them not. Have you not my knives and forks 1 

SS?tr fcerjuijew 3bneu, ba£ ttrir fie tttrfjt i)aben. £aben ttnr 

We assure to Them, that we them not have. Have we 

ntd)t bte unfrtgen ? 3br fcctbt md)t bte Ghtrtgem 3$ gtaube, 

not the ours 1 You have not the yours. I believe 

ba$ 3br bte meineg SBruberS babt* £aben Ste ein ^)ferb ? 

that you those of my brother have. Have They a horse 1 

3d) babe feineS* §dfeat gie tucfjt 3bre6 greunbeg $>ferb ? 

I • have none. Have They not Their friend's horse 1 

3d) babe e£ ntd)t 3d) bebaure, bag Ste e£ nidjt babem 3d) 

I have it not. I regret that They it not have. I 

fefye, ha$ Sie etnen bribfd)en 2Bctgen babem S^aben jene 

see that They a pretty carriage have. Have those 

Jtamen fetbene ${eiber ? Ste babeu feme fetbene, fonbern 

ladies silk dresses 1 1 'hey have no silk: but 

Hellene* 2Ba^ fur ftiite fyaben gte? $5nnen Sie nnr 

woolen. What for bonnets have They *? Can They to me 

fagen, roaS fur ftitte fie fyaben ? 3d) gtaufce, ba£ fie ©trot)* 

tell, what for bonnets they have 1 I believe that they straw- 

bitte baben. Qaben fte mcfyt bte ftiite unferer Scfywejlent ? 

bonnets have. Have they not the bonnets of our sisters 1 

3d) gkiube, ba£ fee btefelben nid)t babem SGBarum efien ®ie 

I believe that they them not have. Why eat They 

ntcbt ? Sffietf id) fetnen 2(ppettt fyabe* 3d) faun ntd)t 

not 1 Because I no appetite have. I can not 

fctvretbeit, mil id) erne bofe £anb babe. @r faun ntd)t geben, 

write, because I a sore hand have. He can not walk, 

mil er etnen bbfen gu£ bat 

because he a sore foot has. 

What hast thou ? I have a pretty book. Hast thou 
good paper ? I have none. Hast thou not my cane ? 
I have it not. Which hat hast thou ? Tell me which 
hat thou hast. You see which hat I have. Has he 
much money ? He has not much. What kind of a 
house has he ? I do not know what kind of a house 
he has. Has he not my umbrella ? He has it not. 
Has she needles ? She has none. Has she my thimble ? 
She has it not. The pin-cushion that she has is pretty. 
Has the horse hay? It has not any. How many 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 143 

windows has the room ? I believe it has three. What 
have you ? We have money. Have you our letters ? 
We have them not. Have you not my knives and 
forks ? We assure you that we have them not. Have 
we not our own ? You have not your own. I be- 
lieve that you have those of my brother. Have you 
a horse ? I have none. Have you your friend's horse ? 
I have it not, I regret that you have it not. I see that 
you have a pretty carriage. Have those ladies silk 
dresses ? They have no silk dresses, but woolen ones. 
What kind of bonnets have they? Can you tell me 
what kind of bonnets they have ? I believe that they 
have straw-bonnets. Have they not our sisters' bon- 
nets ? I believe that they have them not. Why do you 
not eat ? Because I have no appetite. I cannot write, 
because I have a sore hand. He cannot walk, because 
he has a sore foot. 



& a i e tt / to have. 



£ctttefl £u emeu Scgef ? 3d) batte fetnem SEad batteft 

Hadst thou a bird 1 I had none. T\ hat hadst 

£n ? S^atteft 2>u ntcbt meuten SBfetfttft ? Xu batteft thn 

thou 1 Hadst thou not my lead-pencil 1 Thou hadst him 

md)L SCBie tuefe Winter batte er ? 3* gfan&e, bag er bret 

not. How many children had he 1 I believe that he three 

S6f)ne unb uicr" Zbthtev batte. S^atte fie ntcfjt bret ©djroe* 

sons and four daughters had. Had she not three sis- 

jlern ? 3d) tt>et£, ba$ fte gn>et jimgere (Scfytfeftent batte. 

ters 1 I know that she two younger sisters had. 

Xa$ Sucf) hatte fetn XitelUatt mebr. ' @3 war m'cfjt fcerftutf* 

The book had no title-page more. It was not sale- 

tid), intern e3 fetn gttelblatt webr batte* 3Sir batten hinen 

able, since it no title-page more had. We had no 

SOBetn tnebr* SOBtr tranfen SSter, inbem n>ir fernen SBeut mebr 

wine more. We drank beer, since we no wine more 

batten* fatten ttrir nicfyt fchenere ©lumen aW er ? fatten 

had. Had we not more beautiful flowers than he 1 Had 

Ste geftern $cpftt)eb ? fatten g*e bente SKergen tuel 

They yesterday headache % Had They to-day morning much 



144 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

3it tbnn ? 3d) aernurtfye, ba$ @te fcorgeftent Diet- ju tfytm 

to do ] I presume that They before yesterday much to do 

batten. Sfyr battet gejtent roemger ge.bter in @uren 2tnfgaben 

had. You had yesterday fewer faults in to your lessons 

ate bente. SBa3 battet 3br tmr jn fagen ? 3d) mocbtc 

than to-day. What had you tome to tell! I should like 

nnfien, voa$ 3br mix jn fagen batteu frattet 3br mcfjt 

to know what you to me to tell had. Had you not 

nieme £anfcfcf)itbe ? 9D?etne ®rf)tt>eftern batten feinen gefebitf* 

my gloves 1" My sisters had no skil- 

ien SNuftffebrer. 3* fofcaure, ba£ fie ntcfyt benfetben 

ful music -teacher. I regret that they not the same 

SDtuftflebrer batten, ben id) batte. S>atten fte em>a£ ? 

music-teacher had which I had. Had they anything! 

3d) fab, bap fie tudjtS batten. 

I saw that they nothing had. 

Hadst thou a bird ? I had none. What hadst thou ? 
Hadst thou not my lead pencil? Thou hadst it not. 
How many children had he ? I believe that he had 
three sons and four daughters. Had she not three sis- 
ters ? I know that she had two younger sisters. The 
book had no longer a title-page. It was not saleable, 
as it had no longer a title-page. "We had no more wine. 
We drank beer, as we had no more wine. Had we 
not more beautiful flowers than he? Had you the 
headache yesterday ? Had you much to do this morn- 
ing ? I presume that you had much to do the day be- 
fore yesterday. ' You had fewer errors in your lessons 
yesterday than to-day. What had yon to tell me ? 
I should like to know what you had to tell me. Had 
you not my gloves ? My sisters had not a skilful 
teacher of music. I regret that they had not the same 
teacher of music which I had. Had they anything? I 
saw that they had nothing. 



£ ah en, to have. 

COMPOUND TENSES, INDICATIVE INFINITIVE. 

SSefoen Ste mem gebennejjer gebabt ? $}ann baben ©ie 

Have They my pen-knife had 1 When have They 

e£ gebabt? ©agen Ste mtr/'ttxutn (5te e3 gefyabt baben* 

it had \ Tell They to me when They it had ' have. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 145 

3Be£cJ>e^ SSncfy fjat er gef)a6t ? 3^gen ©te mtr ba^ S3nrf), 

Which book has he had 1 Show They to me the book 

tt>efrf)eg er gehabt bat. UBtetnet guSfer bat bte ^ocfym gefyabt? 

"which he had has. How much sugar has the (f.) cook had % 

©agen ©te mtr, mewl fte gehabt bat £at er je ba3 falte 

Tell They tome how much she had has. Has he ever the cold 

gteber gehabt ? ^ragen ©te tt)tt r cb er e$ je gehabt fyat* 

fever had % Ask They him, if he it ever had has. 

S)aU Sfyr etnen Strjt gehabt ? 2>Btr f)aben fetnen gehabt 

Have you a physician had 1 We have none had. 

£aben wit dled)t gehabt? 3br babt ntc£)t 9?ecf)t gehabt. ffitrtf 

Have we right had 1 You have not right had. Wilt 

£a bag ©eib baben ? 3d) boffe, baf? id) eg fyaben tterbe* 

thou the money have 1 I hope that I it have shall. 

SOBerbe id) morgen bag 33ergnitgen baben, ©te ju fefyen? 

Shall I to-morrow the pleasure have Them to see 1 

SfBerben ©te l)eutc ©efegenfyett fyaben, tf)r ben 23rtef ju 

Will They to-day opportunity have to her the letter to 

fcfyttfen ? ©cfytcfen ©te tt)r bag S3ncfj, fc6alb ©ie eine ©e* 

send 1 Send They to her the book so soon They an op- 

legenbett fyaben toerbem 2Btrb fte Sufi baben, bag $8ud) ju 

portunity have will. Will she desire have the book to 

fefen ? 2Benn fte feme Sufi baben tttrb, eg ju fefen, fo ttnrb 

readl If she no desire have will it to read, so will 

fte eg ntir jurutffcfyttfem SffioKen ©te fcte ©itte baben, mir 

she it to me back send. Will They the goodness have to me 

ben Sffieg jn jetgen? SBtetnel molten ©te batten baben? 

the way to show 1 How much will They thereof have 1 

©agen ©te ntir, nnemef ©te bason baben rcotfen. 9?ad)bem 

Tell They to me how much They thereof have will. After 

er bm 2Bagen etnen SRoitat gehabt batte, fcerfanfte er tbn* 

he the carriage one month had had, sold he him. 

9?arf)bem er em 33terte(jabr Unterrkht gehabt batte, fmg er 

After he one quarter of a year instruction had had, caught he 

an ju ftrecfrem (gmg er an.) 

on to speak. (He commenced.) 

Have you had my penknife ? When had you it ? 
Tell me when you had it. Which book has he had ? 
Show me the book which he has had. How much 
sugar has the cook had ? Tell me how much she has 
had. Has he ever had the ague ? Ask him whether 
he has ever had it. Have you had a physician ? We 
have not had any. Were we right ? You were not 
right. Wilt thou have the money? I hope that 1 
shall have it. Shall I have it ? Shall I have the 
7 



146 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

pleasure of seeing you to-morrow ? Will you have 
an opportunity to send her the letter to-day? Send 
her the book as soon as you will have an opportunity. 
Will she have a desire to read the book ? If she will 
have no desire to read it, she will send it back to 
me. Will you have the kindness to show me the 
way ? How much will you have of it ? Tell me 
how much you will have of it. After he had had the 
carriage one month he sold it. After he had had one 
quarter's instruction he commenced to speak. 



§ a b e n, to have. 

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD AND IMPERATIVE. 

3cfy ware nid)t gliidttcf), *t>emt id) feme gremtbe fyatte* ©te 

I should be not happy, if I no friends had. They 

witrbett ntefyr ©elb fjabett, mnn ©te fparfamer getoefett 

would more money have, if They more saving been 

tt>chm SOBettn id) ©elb f)atte, ttmrbe id) mix SStele^ faufem 

were. If I money had, should I to me many things buy. 

2£emt er diedjt fyatte, nmrbe er mcfyt fcfywetgen* $d) nmrbe 

If he right had, would he not be silent. I should 

Sfyneit bag tyadet fcfyttfen, n>enn id) erne ©eiegenfyeit \)atte+ 

to Them the packet send, if I an opportunity had. 

Static id) em S3acf) bei mix gefyctbt, fo nmrbe id) gelefen ijaben. 

Had I a book at tome had, so should I read have. 

Qatte er Srebtt gefyabt, fo nmrbe er ntefyr gefauft tyabm* 

Had he credit had, so would he f more bought have. 

$&mn tttr £eit gefyabt fyattm, fo n>dren tvix tn$ Sweater 

If we time had had, so were we into the theatre 

gegattgetn £abe Wlitkib mit ifym ! dx foil eg fyaben* ©te 

gone. Have pity with to him! He shall it have. She 

fott ©ebulb fyctben. fyaben Bit ©ebulb mit ifym ! fyaben 

shall patience have. Have Thev patience with to him ! Have 

©te bie ©iite ! Sffitr toolfen 65ebulb fyaben* @r fagt, 25u 

They the kindness! We will patience have. He says thou 

fyabejt Unrecfyt ©te fagte, er tjabe 9?ed)t Wlan fagt, ffe 

mayst have wrong. She said he have right. One says they 

fyaben femen Srebtt ©te fcerjTcfyerte mtr, fie fyabe feme 

have no credit. She assured to me she have no 

©cfyulb, (£r fcfyrieb mtr, er ijabe fern ©elb mefyr* 3d) toolfte, 

fault. He wrote to me he have no money more. I wished 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 147 

ba$ td) erne ©etegenfyett tj&tte, ifm ju fefjem 3d) fyabe gefyort, 

that I an opportunity had him to see. I have heard 

i>a$ cr bte ©icfyt ^dtte* ©te geftanb nttr, ba£ fte fetn 3^ 

that he the gout had. She confessed to me that she no con- 

tvauen ju ibm fydtte. 

fidence to to him had. 

I should not be happy, if I had no friends. They 
would have more money, if they had been more sav- 
ing. If I had money, I should buy many things. If 
he were right, he would not be silent. I should send 
you the parcel, if I had an opportunity. Had I had a 
book with me, I should have read. Had he had credit, 
he would have bought more. Had we had time, we 
should have gone to the theatre. Have pity on him. 
Let him have it. She may have patience. Have pa- 
tience with him. Have the goodness. Let us have pa- 
tience. He says that thou wast wrong. She said that 
he was right. They are said to have no credit. She 
assured me that it was not her fault. He wrote to me 
that he had no more money. I wished that I had an 
opportunity to see him. I understood that he had the 
gout. She confessed to me that she had no confidence 
in him. 



ACTIVE VERBS. 

INFINITIVE OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

Steben, to love. ?ofcett, to praise. 

jCanfett, to thank. (Bac^eri, to say. 

©ebett, to give. ©etyen, to see. 

9Jladt)en, to make. gmifdtt, to doubt, 

gctbefn, to blame. ©cfymeidjefa, to flatter. 

Slcnbcm, to alter. ^intern, to hinder, 
giittem, to feed. 

Obs. — All German verbs, the irregular as well as the 
regular, form the infinitive in it ; most of them in ejt, 
some in ettt, and some in em* 



148 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

3d) fatttt lefen, fdjreiben unb recfynem 5Bot(en ©ie mix 

I can read, write and reckon. Will They to me 

gefalltgjt mem SSnd) geben? $6nnen ©ie erne geber 

most pleasingly my book give 1 Can They a pen 

fcfyneiben ? dv barf fyeute fein gteifd) efien* 3d) mug gefyen* 

cut ? He dare to-day no meat eat. I must go. 

23a3 famt id) Sfynen anbieten? SBenn er fyeute nid)t fommen 

What can I to Them offer 1 If he to-day not come 

fann, fo foil er morgen fommem 3d) mnfjte ifjm ben SSrief 

can, so shall he to-morrow come. I was obliged to him the letter 

fcorlefen, ia er ifyn nid)t felbft lefen fonnte. 2Benn ©ie bte 

to read before, as he him not himself read could. If They the 

©cfynfye nidtf faufett Pollen, fo miiffen ©ie biefelben fogfetcf) 

shoes not to purchase wish, so must They the same immediately 

bem ©cfynfymacfyer juriitffcfyitfen* 3d) fyoflFe ©ie n>ot>t ju 

to the shoemaker back send. I hope Them well to 

ftnbem (£3 freut mid), ©ie ju fefyen* 3d) will in ben 2aben 

find. It joys me Them to see. I will into the store 

geljen, urn tin tyaax £anbfd)itfye ju faufetn 2Bir n>ollen in 

go, in order a pair gloves to buy. We will into 

He ©djule gefyen, urn beutfd) ju fernen* $8a3 tyahm ©ie jn 

the school go, in order German to learn. What have They to 

tijnn ? ©agen ©ie mir, roa3 ©ie ju tbun fyaben* 3d) fyabe 

do! Tell They to me what They to do have. I have 

einen SSrief an meinen Setter ju fcfyreiben, urn ifym jn melben, 

a letter on my cousin to write, in order to him to mention 

bag id) t)entc 2l6enb nid)t ju ifym fommen fann* 

that I to-day evening not to to him come can. 

I can read, write, and cipher. Will you please to 
give me my book ? Can you make a pen ? He is not 
allowed to eat meat to-day. I must go. What may I 
offer you ? If he cannot come to-day, let him come to- 
morrow. I was obliged to read the letter to him, as he 
could not read it himself. If you do not wish to buy 
the shoes, you must send them back to the shoemaker 
immediately. I hope to find you well. I am glad to 
see you. I will go to the store to purchase a pair of 
gloves. Let us go to school to learn German. What 
have you to do ? Tell me what you have to do. I 
have to write a letter to my cousin to let him know 
that I cannot come to see him this evening. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 149 

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. FIRST AND THIRD 
PERSONS PLURAL, PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE. 

2Ctr Iteben, we love. Sffitr loben, we praise, 

©te (f) lieben, they love. ©ie (f) loben, they praise. 
©ie (©) lieben, you love. ©te (©) loben, you praise. 

SGBtr banfen, we thank. SBir geben, we give, 

©te (f) banfen, they thank, ©te (f) geben, they give, 
©te (©) banfen, you thank, ©te (©) geben, you give. 

2Btr feben, we see. 2Btr tabefn, we blame, 

©te (f) feben, they see. ©te (f) tabeln, they blame, 

©te (©) fefyen, you see. ©te (©) tabeln, you blame. 

Obs. — The first and third persons plural of the pre- 
sent tense indicative, in regular and irregular verbs, are 
formed by merely placing the respective pronouns be- 
fore the infinitive. The third person plural, fte lieben, 
is employed as the second person plural in ©te lieben, 
you love, having only the capital © in ©te for a distin- 
guishing mark. 

Sffitr Iteben nnfre @ltenu Sffitr loben btejenigen $mber, 

We love our parents. We praise those children 

rcelcfye tfyre (gltern nnb @efcf)tt>ifter lieben* ?teben ©te mid)? 

which their parents and brothers and sisters love. Love They mel 

3cf) tx>ei$, ba$ ©ie mtrf) lieben. SB3ir lieben nnfre grennbe, 

I know that They me love. We love our friends, 

tt>ett fte nn£ lieben. ®ehen ©ie ben ^inbern <gttoa$ ? SBenn 

because they us love. Give They to the children something 1 If 

©ie ben $inbem &)®a$ geben, fo n>erben fte 5b^ en bafuv 

They to the children something give so will they to Them therefor 

banfen. ginben ©ie, tva$ ©ie fncfyen ? uBir ftnben nicfyt, 

thank. Find They what They seekl We find not 

tva$ n>tr fnrfjen. 

what we seek. 

We love our parents. We praise those children who 
love their parents and brothers and sisters. Do you 
love me? I know that you love me. We love our 
friends, because they love us. Do you give the children 
anything ? If you give the children something, they 
will thank you for it. Do you find what you are 
looking for ? We do not find what we are looking for. 



150 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

FIRST PERSON SINGULAR, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF 
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

3d) Kefee, I love. 3d) lobe, I praise. 

3d) banfe, I thank. 3d) gebe, I give. 

3d) fage, I say. 3d) $tt>etfle, I doubt. 

3d) table, I blame. 3d) dnbre, I alter. 
3d) fyinbre, I hinder. 

Obs. — The first person singular of the present tense, 
indicative mood, in regular and irregular verbs, (ex- 
cepting a few of the latter,) ends in e, and is formed by 
dropping the n of the final en, or by substituting e for 
the n of the final tn or rn, the e preceding (n or m being 
generally dropped. 

3d) tefe em S3ud). 3tf) fcftreibe eitten SSrief. 3d) fiird)te 

I read a book. I write a letter. I fear 

bie ©efafyr* 3d) 6rand)e einen nenen £nt 3rf) faufe ntir 

the danger. I want a new hat. . I purchase to me 

einen neuen Dtotf, votii id) etnen brcwdje* 3d) lefe tieber, 

a new coat, because I one want. I read more gladly 

ati ba$ id) fpajteren gebe. 3Ba^ id) 3^en [age, tft tvakfv. 

than that I to walk go. What I to Them tell is true. 

3d) fcerficfyere 3t)flen, ba$ id) ben 9#ann nid)t fenne. 3d) 

I assure to Them that I the man not know. I 

$tt>eifle nid)t barcm. 

doubt not thereon. 

Obs. — 3d) lefe means both, I read and /am reading. 
This remark applies also to the other persons and tenses, 
— 3d) fiebe nid)t, 1 do not love. ftinbre id) ? Do / hinder ? 
In German, no auxiliary is used in the negative or inter- 
rogative form of the verb. 

I read (am reading) a book. I write (am writing) a 
letter- I fear the danger. I am in need of a new hat. 
I am purchasing a new coat for myself, because I am in 
need of one. I like to read better than to walk. What 
I tell (am telling) you is true. I assure you that I do 
not know the man. I do not doubt it. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 151 

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGU- 
LAR AND SOME OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS. 

@r, ffe, e3 Itebt, he, she, it loves. 
(£v, ffe, e£ banft, he, she, it thanks. 
@r, jte, e£ fcfymetcfyett, he, she, it flatters. 
@r, ffe, e£ tabelt, he, she, it blames, 
©r, fie, e£ anbert, he, she, it alters. 
(£v, ffe r e£ lobt, he, she, it praises. 
(£v f fte, eg fagt, he, she, it says. 

Gfo. — The third person singular of the present indi- 
cative ends in t, which either takes the place of the final 
en or of the n in the terminations in and rtt of the in- 
finitive. 

@r lieU ffe* dv fpteft germ 23raud)t Sfyr SSruber ^apter ? 

He loves her. He plays gladly. Wants Their brother paper % 

©ingt fie gut ? ©ie ftngt fefyr gut. ©df)retbt ffe oft an ©te ? 

Sings she well 1 She sings very well. Writes she often on Them 1 

©ie gfaubt mtr ntcfyt £a3 d)e(b gefyort bem tyjiannu SBem 

She believes to me not. The money belongs to the man. To whom 

gefyort e3 ? £a£ £of$ brennt @3 fcrennt nicfyt SOBtetnel 

belongs it 1 The wood burns. It burns not. How much 

©e(b 6raucf)t er ? & n>et$ fetbft mdf)t, n>tet>ie( er fcraucfyt 

money wants he % He knows himself not how much he wants. 

Sffite fyetfjt bte Dame, bte ueben %btex ©cfyttefter ff^t ? ©er 

How is called the lady who near to Their sister sits 1 The 

£en> mlfyex bcrt gefyt, befucfyt oft memen 25ruber* 

gentleman who there walks visits often my brother. 

He loves her. He likes to play. Does your brother 
want any paper ? Does she sing well ? She sings very 
well. Does she write to you often ? She does not be- 
lieve me. The money belongs to the man. To whom 
does it belong? The wood is burning. It does not 
burn. Of how much money is he in need? He does 
not know himself of how much he is in need. What 
is the name of the lady who is sitting by your sister ? 
The gentleman who is walking there often calls upon 
my brother. 



15.2 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

SECOND PERSON PLURAL OF THE PRESENT TENSE, INDI- 
CATIVE, IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

3fyr Itefct, you love. 3fyr fcerjTcfyert, you assure. 

Sfyr bcmft, you thank. 3fyr lobt, you praise. 

3t)t gefyet, you go. Sfyr fragt, you ask. 

Sfyr tabelt, you blame. 3fyr jweifelt, you doubt. 

Obs. — The second person plural of the present tense, 
indicative mood, terminates, like the third person singu- 
lar, in t or et* The second person plural is generally 
used in speaking to a number of persons in the rela- 
tions of familiarity or intimacy. 

©lanfct S^r mix ? Sffienn Sfyr Sure Slufgaben tticfyt gut 

Believe you to me % If you your lessous not well 

jfrtbtrt, fo fcerbtent Sfyt getabett ju n>erben* ©efyorcfyet Sfyr 

study, so deserve you blamed to be. Obey you 

(£uren @ftem ? 3fyr gefyorcfyt ifynen nicfyt* 2Ba3 lerttt Sfyr 

to your parents 1 You obey to them not. What learn you 

in ber Scfyule ? ©agt mix, tva$ S^r fat ber ©cfyufe fentt 

in to the school 1 Tell tome what you in to the school learn. 

S3erftef)t 3fyr, waS uf> @ud) fagc? SSBenn Sfyr e$ nidjt 

Understand you what I to you tell 1 If you it not 

fcerftefyt, fo ttutt tcfy e£ dud) erMdren. 

understand, so will I it to you explain. 

Do you believe me ? If you do not study your les- 
sons well, you deserve to be blamed. Do you obey 
your parents? You obey them not. What do you 
learn in school ? Tell me what you learn in school. 
Do you understand what I tell you ? If you do not 
understand it, I will explain it to you. 



SECOND PERSON SINGULAR OF THE 
INDICATIVE, 
LAR VERBS. 

2>u tiehft, thou lovest. Su lobft, thou praisest. 

Qu fagfi, thou sayest. £>u bcmfft, thou thankest. 

Su gebfly thou goest. Xu tabelpt, thou blamest. 
£)U dttberft, thou alterest. 



EAS5T LESSONS IN GERMAN. 153 

Obs. — The second person singular of the present 
tense indicative ends in ft as in English, and is formed 
by substituting fi for the final en or n in the final In 
and m of the infinitive. For the sake of euphony, e# 
is sometimes used instead of ft* 

Stebjt ®u £etnen Setter ? Sage nttr, ob Su ihn ItefcjL 

Lovest thou thy father '] Tell to me if thou him lovest. 

2Benn £u Seine - 2Uxfga6en tern ft, fo fcefommji £n em 

If thou thy lessons learnest, so obtainest thou a 

©efcfyenf son mu\ Sanfefl £n Setnem SfBcMtbdter ? 

present from tome. Thankest thou to thy benefactor! 

Strbettejl £n gem ? Sn fptelft jn fcueL £n (ernjl: Seine 

Workest thou willingly 1 Thou playest too much. Thou learnest thy 

SInfgaben ntcfyt, n>ett £n $n t>tet fptelft* Sffiamm mineft 

lessons not, because thou too much playest. Why weepest 

Su ? Sage nttr, ttarnm 2Mt metneft 

thou 1 Tell to me why thou weepest. 

Dost thou love thy father ? Tell me whether thou 
lovest him. If thou learnest thy lessons, thou wilt 
receive a present from me. Dost thou thank thy 
benefactor ? Dost thou like to work ? Thou playest 
too much. Thou dost not learn thy lessons, because 
thou playest too much. Why dost thou weep ? Tell 
me why thou weepest. 



FIRST AND THIRD PERSONS SINGULAR OF THE IM- 
PERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, IN REGULAR 
VERBS. 

3df) Ke6te, I loved. Qrr, ffe, e£ Itebte, he, she, it loved. 
3d) fagte, I said. @r, ffe, e3 fagte, he, she, it said. 
3d) tabelte, I blamed, @r, ffe r e3 tabefte, he, she, it blamed. 
3d) fcerjTcfyerte, I assured. @r, fie, e£ fcerjlrfjerte, he, she, it 
assured. 

Obs. — The first and third persons singular of the 
imperfect tense indicative mood, in regular verbs, end 
in te, which takes the place of the final en of the in- 
finitive, or of the final n, if the infinitive ends in In or 

rtt* 

7 # 



154 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

3d) (tebte fte, ©te tiebte mirf) ntcfyt ?tebte fie tfyn md)t ? 

I loved her. She loved me not. Loved she him not 1 

SBarum banfte er ifyr md)t? 2Qa3 fagte er? SEBtjfen ©te, 

Why thanked he to her not 1 What said he 1 Know They 

wa£ er fagte ? 3rceifefte er baratt ? 3d) faufte mir btefe£ 

what he said! Doubted he thereon! I bought to me this 

Surf), mil id) e3 brcmcfyte. SfBert fragte er ? £er 2f)?atm, 

book, because I it wanted. Whom asked he 1 The man 

roetcfjen er fragte, antwortete ibm nicfyt 3d) ermafynte fe, 

whom he asked answered to him not. I exhorted them 

rufytg ju fern. (§x bejafyfte bie 2Baaren nicfyt, welcfye er 

quiet to be. He paid the goods not which he 

faufte. £er 3Sater bejlrafte ben £naben, tt>etl biefer 

bought. The father punished the boy, because this 

feme SJufgaben nicfyt ternte. @g regnete fyeute SDJorgen fefyr 

his lessons not learned. It rained to-day morning very 

ffarf* 3rf) ftefucfyte ©te fyeute $?orgen nicfyt, n>exl e$ fefyr 

strongly. I visited Them to-day morning not, because it very 

ftarf regnete. 

strongly rained. 

I loved her. She did not love me. Did she not 
love him ? Why did he not thank her ? What did he 
say ? Do you know what he said ? Did he doubt 
it ? I bought this work for myself, because I was in 
need of it. Whom did he ask ? The man whom he 
asked did not answer him. I admonished them to be 
quiet. He did not pay for the goods which he bought. 
The father punished his boy, because he did not learn 
his lessons. It rained very fast this morning. I did 
not call upon you this morning, because it rained very 
fast. 



FIRST AND THIRD PERSONS PLURAL, AND SECOND 
PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL, OF THE IMPERFECT 
TENSE, INDICATIVE, IN REGULAR VERBS. 

3Btr liefctett, we loved. 2Btr fagtett, we said, 

©te (f) Ixebten, they loved. ©te (f) fagten, they said, 

©te (©) Itefcten, you loved, ©te (.©) fagten, you said. 

£>u ftebteft, thou lovedst. 2)u fagtefi, thou saidst. 

3fyr liebtet, you loved. 3fyr fagtet, you said. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 155 

Obs. — The second person singular and all the per- 
sons of the plural of the imperfect tense are formed 
from the first or third person singular, by adding re- 
spectively the same terminations as in the present tense. 

Sffitr Ke&ten emanber gartticfy. <2te (f) folgten ntemem 

We loved each other tenderly. They followed to my 

sftatbt nid)t £u fcerfcmgteft jix fcnet Sffiie fctrbtet Styr bag 

advice not. Thou askedst too much. How dyed you the 

MUib ? SBerfucfjten ©te beutfd) ju fpredjen ? 

dress 1 Tried They German to speak 1 

We loved each other tenderly. They did not follow 
my advice. Thou askedst too much. What colour 
did you dye the dress ? Did you try to speak German? 



PERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGULAR VERBS. 

3d) fiafee ; • . geltefet, I have loved . . . 

3d) fyabe ♦ . I gelofct, I have praised . . . 

3d) ba&e * . ♦ gebanff, I have thanked . . . 

3d) babe ♦ ♦ ♦ gejtDCtfeft, I have doubted . . . 

3d) fyabe ♦ ♦ ♦ geanbert, I have altered . . . 

Obs. — The perfect tense is composed of the auxiliary 
id) fyabe, bu bafl, er bat, &c, and the past participle. The 
past participle, in regular verbs, is formed by prefixing 
ge, and by the termination t, which takes the place of 
the final en or of the n in the final In and m of the 
infinitive. 

SSBer t>at e3 3finen gefagt ? QBo Ijafeen @te e£ gef)6rt ? 

Who has it to Them told 1 Where have They it heard 1 

3d) tjaU eg t)on fcerfdjtebenen ?euten gefyort Setter SERctmt 

I have it from to different people heard. That man 

tjat eg mtr gefagt Sffio baben ©te biefen §ut gefauft? 

has it to me told. Where hare They this hat purchased 1 

©agen ©fe mtr, n>o ©te tfm gefanft fyafcen* ©cf)larf)tet 

Tell They to me where They him bought have. Kills 

ber gletfdjer hen Ddfjfen, ben er ftente SKorgen auf bent 

the butcher the ox "which he to-day morning on to the 

SDtarfte gefauft fiat? 3d) fiafc belt SBrfef auf bag $uft 

market bought has ? I have the Utter on the desk 



156 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

getegt 5Der 25rtef liegt auf bem ^ufte, auf rcelcfyeg icf) tfyn 

laid. The letter lies on to the desk upon which I him 

gelegt fjCiU. 5S3of)ttett ©te nod), tt>o ©ie geroofyut fyaben ? 

laid hare. Reside They yet where They resided have 1 

S)ait Sfyr tottge auf mtd) gercartet ? (Sagt mir, n>te fauge 

Have yon long upon me waited 1 Tell to me how long 

3fyr auf mtcfy gen>artet fyabh 

you upon me waited have. 

Obs. — There is a difference between the English and 
German languages in regard to the arrangement of the 
words in sentences similar to any of the preceding. For 
instance : — S5?er hat e£ 3fytten gefagt ? Who has told it to 
you ? In the German sentence the past participle 
gefagt is placed last ; in the English sentence the past 
participle told follows the auxiliary has, and is itself 
followed by the rest of the sentence. Again, in German, 
a different position of the verb takes place in sen- 
tences like this, — £}er25rtef ftegt auf bem fyulte, auf tt>e(d)e£ 
id) tt)U gelegt bahe, the letter is lying on the desk upon 
which I have laid it. Here, in German, the auxiliary 
fyabe closes the sentence, and the past participle gelegt 
precedes the auxiliary, which inversion is caused by 
the relative pronoun wefcfyen* We infer from these 
cases the following general rule in regard to the posi- 
tion of a verb in the perfect tense : The past participle 
generally closes the sentence; but conjunctions and 
adverbs, such as, al$, fine, ba£, ofcgfetrf), toeit, tt>eun, too, 
tt>aun, fyc, and relative pronouns, such as, toekfyer, tt>er, 
tt>a$ r 8fC, require the auxiliary at the end of the sentence 
and indeed immediately after the past participle. 

Who has told you so ? Where have you heard it ? 
I have heard it from different persons. That man has 
told it to me. Where did you buy this hat ? Tell me 
where you bought it. Does the butcher kill the ox 
which he bought at the market this morning ? I have 
laid the letter on the desk. The letter is lying on the 
desk upon which I laid it. Do you still reside where 
you did ? Have you been waiting for me long ? Tell 
me how long you have been waiting for me. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 157 

FIRST FUTURE TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGULAR 
AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

3d) tt>erbe ♦ • . fofcen, I shall praise . , . 
3d) werbe \ ♦ , banfen, I shall thank . . . 
3d) u>erbe ♦ ♦ . fagett> I shall say . . . 
3d) tt>erbe ♦ ♦ ♦ cmbertt, I shall alter . . . 

Obs. — The first future tense indicative mood of regu- 
lar and irregular verbs is composed of the auxiliary 
trf) toerbe and the infinitive. 

Conjugation of id) tt> e r b e. 
3d) roerbe, I shall 2Btr Herbert, we shall. 

£a nnrfi, thou wilt, 3br rcerbet, you will. 

@r, jTe, eg tturb, he, she, it (gte ((2) n>erbett, you will, 
will. (gie (f ) toerben, they will. 

3d) tt>erbe eg tfymt* 3cf) rcerbe eg ihm fagem SOBerben ®ie 

I shall it do. I shall it to him tell. Will They 

eg ihm geben ? SBtrb er eg bebaiten ? dv mirb auf mtg 

it to him give 1 Will he it keep ? He will upon us 

roartem SBirb fte eg feften ? ©af)rfd)ein(id) nnrb fie eg 

wait. Will she it see ? Probably will she it 

fefyen. Sag ill cm ^efyter, rcefdjett nid)t 3ebermann entberfen 

see. That is a fault which not everybody discover 

nnrb* Sie tterben mid) baburd) unenb(id) tterpfliid)tem 3^) 

will. They will me therethrough infinitely oblige. I 

fyoffe, ba£ Ste fommett toerbem 3d) fd)idte ibm em 33ud), 

hope that They come will. I sent to him a book 

bag er tt>abrfd)emlid) erfcalten bakm toixh 

that he probably received have will. 

Obs. — The position of the verb in the future tense de- 
pends upon the principle that has been explained in regard 
to the perfect ; the future being, like the perfect, a com- 
pound tense. The rule is thus to be modified in regard 
to the future : The infinitive generally closes the sentence, 
but conjunctions and adverbs, such as alg, tt>ie r ba, ittbem, 
tteif, tt)emt, toamt, too, fyc, and relative pronouns, such as 
n)e(d)er, toev, mag, fyc, require the auxiliary id) tt>erbe fyc. 
at the end of the sentence and, indeed, immediately after 
the infinitive, 



158 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

I shall do it. I shall tell him so. Will you give it 
to him ? Will he keep it ? He will wait for us. Will 
she see it ? Probably she will see it. This is an error 
which not every body will discover. You will infin- 
itely oblige me by it. I hope that you will come. I 
sent him a book which he probably will have received. 



IMPERATIVE OF REGULAR AND SOME OF THE IRREGU- 
LAR VERBS. 

Singular. 

Second person, ?tebe, love thou. 

Third person. @efye er, jTe, eg, or er, jTe, eg foil gefyen, 

or er, ffe, eg mag gefyen, let him, her, 

it go. 

Plural. 

First person. goben ttrir, or voix toollen loben, or la#t (laf 
fen ©te) mtg foben, let us praise. 

Second person, gobet, praise* ®ebm ©te, give. 

Third person. glrbetten ©te, work, ©te (f) follen arbet* 
ten, let them work. 

Stebe Qeine ©term 2tebe Semen Sftdcfyjtem ©age 

Love (thou) thy parents. Love (thou) thy neighbour. Tell (thou) 

eg mix. gotge mtr> Stebet alle Sttenfdjen* &rnet et* 

it to me. Follow(thou) to me. Love (ye) all men. Learn some- 

tt>ag Sfttfcftcfyeg, S3letbet fyier* ©precfyen ©te lant 2lnt* 

thing useful. Remain here. Speak They aloud. An- 

toorten ©te mix. ©agen ©te mix gefatltgft* $ragen ©te 

swer They tome. Tell They to me most pleasingly. Ask They 

ifym SSefucfyen ©te mid). ®ehen ©te mix mem 35nrf), 

him. Visit They me. Give They to me my book. 

spn&en ©te ba$ fcfefjfc 23ollent>et @ure Slufgabem 2Btr 

Snuff They the candle. Finish your lessons. We 

u>ollen lefen* %a$t mtg anfangem Zaffen ©te mtg auffyorem 

will read. Let us commence. Let They us stop. 

Qx foil fommen. ©te foU jmgen* ©te mag eg fyun. dx 

He shall come. She shall sing. She may it do. He 

mag tt>arten* 

may wait. 



EASJT LESSONS IN GERMAN. 159 

Obs. — The imperative most frequently occurs in 
phrases like these, ©agert ©ie (©) tnir gefatfigft, tell me 
if you please ; gragen ©ie (©) ifyn, ask Mm. A promi- 
nent difference between the two languages in these 
phrases consists in this, that in German the pronoun 
©{e is used in the imperative. 

Love thy parents. Love thy neighour. Tell it to 
me. Follow me. Love (ye) all men. Learn (ye) 
something useful. Remain (ye) here. Speak aloud. 
Answer me. Tell me, if you please. Ask him. Give 
me a book. Snuff the candle. Finish (ye) your 
lessons. Let us see. Let us commence. Let us stop. 
Let him come. Let her sing. Let her do it. 



IRREGULAR VERBS. 

© e b e n, to give. $8a$ gibft Sit mix ? 3d) gebe £tr 

What givest thou to me 1 I give to thee 

eftioag 5bitbfd)eg. 2Sag gibt ber 23ebiente feinem £erm ? 

something pretty. What gives the servant to his master 1 

dv gibt tfyrn einen ©cfyftiflfeL ®ibt eg bitbfcfye SShmten auf 

He gives to him a key. Gives it pretty flowers on 

bent SDiarfte ? (£$ gibt feme ba. 2Benn eg feme ba gibt, 

to the market 1 It gives none there. If it none there gives, 

fo tnuflfen nrir irgenbroo anberg tt>efd)e faufen* ©ab er bent 

so must we anywhere else some buy. Gave he to the 

$inbe, wag eg fcerkmgte ? (Sx gab it)tn nidjtg, aber id) gab 

child what it demanded 1 He gave to it nothing, but I gave 

ifyrn $ad)em £ag $inb a£ bie $nd)en, tt>efd)e id) ifym gab. 

to it cakes. The child ate the cakes which I to it gave. 

$>abm ©ie Sfyrem Sruber bag ©elb gegeben ? 3d) fyabe eg 

Have They to Their brother the money given 1 I have it 

if)m nid)t gegeben. ®a ©ie eg ifym nid)t gegeben fyaben, 

to him not given. As They it to him not given have, 

fo geben ©te ifyrn biefen 33rief. 2Serben ©ie mix ©mag 

so give They to him this letter. Will They to me anything 

geben ? ©ie fonnen ftdE> barauf Derlaffen, ba$ id) Sbnen 

give 1 They can themselves thereupon depend, that I to Them 

@tn>ag geben roerbe. Stbofyf), gib Deiner Gutter bie ©djere* 

something give shall. Adolphus, give to thy mother the scissors. 

Qdehen ©ie mir gefdtfigfi einen 25ogen papier* 

Give They to me most pleasingly a sheet paper. 



160 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Obs. — © e 6 en is one of the few irregular verbs that 
are irregular in the second and third persons singular 
of the present tense indicative. The idiom „(i$ gibt/' 
there is, remains in the singular, though a noun in the 
plural may follow. 

What dost thou give me ? I give thee something 
pretty. What does the servant give his master ? He 
gives him a key. Are there pretty flowers at the mar- 
ket ? There are not any there. If there are not any 
there, we must buy some somewhere else. Did he give 
to the child what he demanded ? He did not give him 
anything, but I gave him some cakes. The child ate 
the cakes that I gave him. Did you give your brother 
the money ? I did not give it to him. As you did 
not give it to him, give him this letter. Will you give 
me anything ? You may rely upon this that I shall 
give you something. Adolphus, give your mother the 
scissors. Give me a sheet of paper, if you please. 



© e f) e n, to see. SOBag jTefyft 2>u ? 3d) fefye extten 

What seest thou 1 I see a 

Stagel. 3fl ber Soger, rcercfjen £u ffeljfl, fcf)6n? 2Ba$ 

bird. Is the bird which thou seest pretty 1 What 

fleeter? Sr '.fidjt ein @cfy§F. 2Ba$ fatjft £u ? Scfj fat) 

sees he! He sees a ship. What sawest thou 1 I saw 

einen grogen $ifd)* 953ag bad)teft 2>n, alg £n einen grogen 

a large fish. What thoughtest thou as thou a large 

gifd) fabfl ? ©d| er nng ? 3d) ttermntfye, bag er nng mcfyt 

fish sawest 1 Saw he us 1 I presume that he us not 

fctfy* ftaben ©ie je fo ©mag gefefyen ? 3d) fya6e bergteicfyen 

saw. Have They ever so something seen 1 I have of the like 

me gefefyen* 3d) fenne eg nicfyt, inbem id) eg nod) tue 

never seen. I know it not, since I it yet never 

gefefyen fyaU. 3d) fyabe ifyn fatten fefyen* 3d) t)a6e fie 

seen have. I have him to fall to see. I have her 

tanjen fefyen* 3d) fcerftdjere Sfytten, bag id) ©ie nid)t fyabe 

to dance to see. I assure to Them that I Them not have 

fomnten fefyen* ©iefye meinen ©djmetterling ! ©efyen ©te 

to come to see. See my butterfly ! Look They 

bortfyin ! 9Bir molten fefyen* 

thither ! We will see. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 161 

Obs. — In the phrase, 3 rf) () a b e t ft n fatten fefyeit, 
I have seen him fall, the infinitive feben is used instead 
of the past participle gefebeiu This irregular for- 
mation of the perfect tense occurs in a few more verbs 
which, like febert, to see, may, according to their 
signification, be connected with another verb in the 
infinitive. In the phrase, 3d) fcerftcfrere Sbnett, 
baftcf)©te nid)t babe fommen fefyen, I assure 
you that I have not seen you come, the auxiliary babe 
does not take its place at the end of the sentence, as the 
conjunction b a$ generally requires, but, for the sake of 
euphony, precedes the two infinitives. 

What doest thou see ? I see a bird. Is the bird 
which thou seest pretty ? What does he see ? He 
sees a ship. What didst thou see ? I saw a large fish 
What didst thou think when thou sawest a large fish ? 
Did he see us? I presume that he did not see us. 
Have you ever seen such a thing ? I have never seen 
the like. I do not know it, as I have never seen it 
before. I saw him fall. I saw her dance. I assure 
you that I did not see you come. See my butterfly. 
Look there. Let us see. 



?efett, to read. SfQaS fiefefl 2Ht ? 3d) lefe erne 

What readest thou 1 I read a 

9tofceUe. 2Ba6 tteft er? dv Kept men SSrtef. gefen 

novel. What reads he 1 He reads a letter. Read 

@xe Diet ? 3d) fag em £rauerfpte(> & la$ em guftfpiel. 

They much 1 I read a tragedy. He read a comedy. 

S)aim ®ie ©emitter's 2Qerfe gelefett ? 2te3 ftofty'3 ©ebtcfyte* 

Hare They Schiller's Works read 1 Read (thou) Holty's Poems. 

Sefen ©te ftfojpftaf'ig Dben. 5Btr rotten em ^apttet lefetu 

Read They Klopstock's Odes. We will a chapter read. 

What art thou reading ? I am reading a novel. What 
is he reading ? He is reading a letter. Do you read a 
good deal ? I read a tragedy. He read a comedy. 
Have you read Schiller's Works ? Read (thou) Holty's 
Poems. Read Klopstock's Odes. Let us read a chapter. 



162 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

@ e fy e n, fo g-o. ©efyen ©ie oft in$ greater ? 3d) 

Go They often into the theatre 1 I 

gefye felten fyineim ©ing er nut S^nen ? 3d) gtng nicfyt 

go seldom there into. Went he "with to Them 1 I went not 

mit tfym. ©ie ijl m£ Sonjert gegangen* 3d) tin ju 

with to him. She is into the concert gone. I am to 

meinem Setter gegangem 

to mj cousin gone. 

Obs. — © el) en, to go, is one of the few active intransi- 
tive verbs which, in German, require the auxiliary f ein, 
to be. 

Do you often go to the theatre ? I seldom go there. 
Did he go with you ? I did not go with him. She 
went to the concert. I went to my cousin's. 



^ontmett, to come. 3rf) fam ju fydt dv tarn fritter 

I came too late. He came earlier 

aW id)* 3(1 er fcfyon gefommen? 3d) bin nm brct Ufyr 

than I. Is he already come 1 I am about three clock 

gefommen. 

come. 

I came too late. He came sooner than I. Has he 
come already ? I came at three o'clock. 



9? e I) ffi e it, to ta&e. 2Ba3 nimm jl En ? 3d) nel)me einen 

What takest thou 1 I take an 

SipfeL 9timmt er©tt>a$ ? 3d) nafjm md)t& @r nafym mix 

apple. Takes he anything 1 I took nothing. He took to me 

meine Ut)r* 2Ba3 fyaben ©ie tfym genommen ? 3d) f)abe 

my watch. What have They to him taken 1 I have 

tfym ttidjtS genommen. Kimrn biefen Stealer* 9?el)men ©ie, 

to him nothing taken. Take (thou) this crown. Take They 

tva$ 3f)flen ketie&h 

what to Them pleases. 

What dost thou take ? I take an apple. Does he 
take anything ? I took nothing. He took my watch 
from me. What did you take from him? I took 
nothing from him. Take (thou) this crown. Take 
what you like. 



S3 r i n g e n, to bring. 3d) 6rad)te ifym einen D?otf ♦ ©ie 

I brought to him a coat. She 

6rad)te mtr ©nppe* 28a£ kjat fte 3fynen ge6rad)t ? 

brought to me soup. What has she to Them brought 1 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 163 

I brought him a coat. She brought me soup. What 
did she bring you ? 

© cf) t a f e xt, to sleep. £u fdjfaffi ju lattge* @r fdjldft 

Thou sleepest too long. He sleeps 

mcfyt ntefjr, 3d) fcWt'ef in btefem gimmex. dt fdbftef bi$ 

not more. I slept in to this room. He slept till 

ffefcett Ubt\ SGBie fange ftaben @te gefcfaafen ? 

seven clock. How long have They slept 1 

Thou sleepest too long. He sleeps no longer. I 
slept in this room. He slept till seven o'clock. How 
long did you sleep ? 



(gffett, to eat. Sjfejl £u imretfeS £Sbfi? @r tgt ju 

Eatest Thou unripe fruit 1 He eats too 

fcteL 3rf) a£ em ©tucfrf)en SButterbrob* @r a£ cm 6tiicfcf)eti 

much. I ate a little piece butter bread. He ate a little piece 

Stmbfletfd)* $a6iftt gie fcfton ju Wtttag gegefiett? 3$ 

beef. Have They already at noon eaten 1 Eat (thou) 

fongfanu (Sffen Sie bed). 

slowly. Eat They yet. 

Dost thou eat unripe fruit ? He eats too much. I 
ate a little piece of bread and butter. He ate a little 
piece of beef. Have you dined already ? Eat (thou) 
slowly. Do eat. 



X r i n f e it, to drink. & tremf ©etoafer* 3d) trattf 

He drank ice-water. I drank 

£bee* S^abtn ©te SOBem getrtmfett? 3d) Jjabe mdjtS 

tea. Have They wine drunk 1 I have nothing 

getnmfetu 

drunk. 

He drank ice-water. I drank tea. Did you drink 
wine ? I did not drink anything. 

@ p r e cf) e n, Jo speaA. @prid)fi £u fceutfcf) ? @prtd)t 

Speakest thou German 1 Speaks 

er frangofifcf) ? 3d) fpradj mtt tljfjfc dv fprad) Don mtS* 

he French 1 I spoke with to him. He spoke of to us. 

2£tr haben mtt cittern SSefanntett gefprccfyett* ©prtd) fceut* 

We have with to an acquaintance spoken. Speak (thou) plain- 

lufy (gprecfyett Sie tout 

lr. Speak They aloud. 



164 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Dost thou speak German? Does he speak French? 
I spoke to him. He spoke of us. We spoke to an ac- 
quaintance. Speak (thou) plainly. Speak aloud. 

$8 if fen, to know. 3d) voeig eg. $Qci$t £n, n>xe er 

I know it. Knowest thou how he 

fyetfft? 3d) weig md)tg ba&oiu 3d) ttwffte fern SWittcL 

is called 1 I know nothing- thereof. I knew no remedy. 

SBtifte er etnxtg 9?eueg ? @r hat ben 9?amen ber Stabt 

Knew he anything new 1 He has the name of the town 

nidjt gettmpt 

not known. 

I know it. Dost thou know his name ? I know 
nothing of it. I knew of no remedy. Did he know 
anything new ? He did not know the name of the 
town. 

% I) u it, to do. $&a$ tljufi £u ? 3d) tfue md)t$. Zhnt 

"What dost thou 1 I do nothing. Does 

er eg ? Qv that recfyt* 3d) that tbm Unrecfyt @r bjat mtr 

he it \ He did rightly. I did to him wrong. He has to me 

n>ebe getban* eg bat mtr leib getban* Zbue bag ntd)t 

painfully done. It has to me sorrily done. Do (thou) that not 

mebr. Zbun ©te eg. 

more. Do They it. 

What art thou doing ? I am doing nothing. Does 
he do it ? He did right. I did him wrong. He has 
hurt me. I was sorry for it. Do (thou) so no more. 
Do so. 

© rf) r e t i e n, to write. 3d) fcfyrteb an tbn. dv fcfyrteb 

I wrote on him. He wrote 

gtoet SSrtefe* 2Bag bat er Sfytten gefefyrteben 2 

two letters. What has he to Them written 1 

I wrote to him. He wrote two letters. What did he 
write to you ? 



Dlnfen, to call dt rtef mid). 3d) rief nm QMfc 

He called me. I called about help. 

Robert ®te mtr gernfen? 

Have They to me called 1 

He called me. I cried out for help. Did you call to 
me? 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 165 

§ el fen, to help. #tffjl £u mtr? 3d) fcetfe Sir. gr 

Helpest Thou to me 1 I help to thee. He 

f>t(ft mtf. 2Ber fyrff Sfynen ? 3rf) fjalf itim. @r tyat mir 

helps to us. Who helped to Them 1 I helped to him. He has to me 

gefyolfen* 3d) fyctbe tbm tragen fyeJfen* 

helped. I have to him to carry to help. 

Dost thou help me? I help thee. He helps us. 
Who helped you ? I helped him. He has helped me. 
I have helped him carry. 



Z v a g e n, to carry, fyc. £ragft £n emeu turfjenen 

Wearest thou a cloth 

Dtotf ? Ox tragt einen fd)tt>ar$en gtacf* (gie trng bte SEtfild) 

coat 1 He wears a black frock. She carried the milk 

in ben better* 3d) trug etnen Steifefacf. S)ahcn @tc ba£ 

into the cellar. I carried a travelling bag. Have They the 

tyadet in ba3 £an3 getragen ? 

parcel into the house carried ? 

Dost thou wear a cloth coat ? He wears a black 
dress coat. She carried the milk into the cellar. I 
carried a portmanteau. Did you carry the parcel into 
the house ? 



© cf) n e i b e n, to cw£. 20er fdjnitt ba£ gteifd) ? 3d) 

Who cut the meat ? I 

fcfjmtt e£* 3d) f)abe e3 gefcfynitten* 

cut it. I have it cut. 

Who cut the meat ? I cut it. I have cut it. 



^tnben, to find. 2Ber fcmb e$? 3d) fcmb e£* 3d) 

Who found it 1 I found it. I 

fyabe e3 gefnnbem 

have it found. 

Who found it ? I found it. I have found it. 



fallen, to fall © e f a 1 1 e n, to please. £n fattfh 

Thou fallest. 

@r fattt 3d) fteL @r ftct 3d) bin gefatfem ®$ gefdttt 

He falls. I fell. He fell. I am fallen. It pleases 

mir. igg geftef mir* S3 §at mir gefaftem 

to me. It pleased to me. It has to me pleased. 

Thou fallest. He falls. I fell. He fell. I have 
fallen. I like it. It pleased me. It has pleased me. 



166 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

S) a 1 1 e n, to hold. 2Ber Witt t>te ?atemc 1 Spaltfi ®u 

Who holds the lantern ? Holdest thou 

fie ? 3rf) Wett (Te. @r Weft fein 2Bort. @r Ijat fetn SBort 

her! I held her. He kept his word. He has his word 

gefyaltem 

kept 

Who is holding the lantern ? Art thou holding it ? 
I held it. He kept his word. He has kept his word. 



SBerfen, to throw. 2Sa£ n>trft er in ba$ Staffer? 

What throws he into the water ? 

SfOtrffl £u etm$ in ba# gener? dv n>arf ben S3rtef in 

Throwest thou anything into the fire ? He threw the letter into 

ba$ fteucv. 3d) tt>arf eg jum $enfter fytnang* 3d) fyabe 

the fire. I threw it to the window there out. I have 

einen ©tetn in ben glnf geworfen* 

a stone into the river thrown. 

What does he throw into the water ? Doest thou 
throw anything into the fire ? He threw the letter 
into the fire. I threw it out of the window. I have 
thrown a stone into the river. 



© i § e n, to sit. SOBer fa# fyter? 3d) fa# ba* 3d) fyafce 

Who sat here ! I sat there. I have 

lange ba gefejfen* 

long there sat. 

Who sat here ? I sat there. I have sat there long. 



© t e f) en, fo starch. 2Ber jtcmb ba ? 3d) ftanb ba. 3d) 

Who stood there 1 I stood there. I 

fyabe ba geftanbem 

have there stood. 

Who stood there. I stood there. I have stood there. 



2 i e g e n, to lie. 3d) lag im 95ette. @r (ag auf bent 

I lay in to the bed. He lay on to the 

©ofa, dv fyat fyter gelegem 

»ofa. He has here lain. 

I lay in the bed. He lay on the sofa. He has lain 
here. 

£> e n f e n, to think. 3d) iadjte an ©te. @r bad)te 

I thought on Them. He thought 

md)t baram 3d) fyaBe oft an fie gebacfyt 

not thereon, I have often on her thought. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 167 

I remembered you. He did not think of it. I often 
thought of her. 



2B o If e n, to be willing, fyc. Set) ttritf eg tbmu SDBittjl 

I will it do! Wilt 

£u mtr fofgen 2 <gr »>tff eg macfyem 3d) n>il£ nod) etnen 

thou to me follow. He will it make. I will yet one 

23rief fefyret&eiu & voiU, bap idj eg tfme* 3d) wottte eg 

letter write. He wishes that I it ma}- do. I was willing it 

tfjm geben* dv tt>otfte nidht arbettetu Sie ft>ottte eben 

to him to give. He was willing not to work. She was willing just 

anggebek SOBag rcoftte er ? 3d) toottte tfyn fprecfyen, altein 

out to go. What wanted he ? I was willing him to speak, but 

er toax nidjt ju £aafe* 3d) ba6e eg ntd)t cjemoltt @r fyat 

he was not at to house. I have it not wished. He has 

eg nid)t tbun ttetfen* 3d) ba6e eg ibm fagen tt>el(em £a6en 

it not to do to he willing. I have it to him to say to be willing. Hare 

©te mid) fprecfyen ttofien? 3d) tt>etfc toanim er eg md)t bat 

They me to speak to be willing ? I know why he it not has 

tbun ttjotfem 

to do to be willing. 

Obs. — In the phrase, ft a6 en ©ie mtdfr fpreefcen tt>ok 
I en? Did yo^ wish to speak to me? the infinitive MooU 
I e n is employed instead of the past participle. In the 
phrase, 3d) n> e t £, tt> a rn m er eg nid)t I)at tf)un 
tt) il e n, I know why he did not wish to do it, the auxi- 
liary b)at precedes the two infinitives, instead of closing 
the sentence, as tt>arnm would require, according to 
the general rule which has been explained before. 

I am willing to do it. Wilt thou follow me ? He is 
willing to make it, I am going to write one more letter. 
He wishes me to do so. I was willing to give it to 
him. He was not willing to work. He was about to 
go out. What did he wish ? I was going to speak to 
him, but he was not at home. I did not wish it. He 
was not willing to do it. I was willing to tell it to him. 
Did you wish to speak to me ? I do not know why he 
was not willing to do it. 



^ottiten, to be able, fyc. ®te fann ttafien* 3cf) fann 

She can sew. I can 

lefetu 3d) fann frang&jTfd}* ^onnen ®te bentfd)? Sfyr 

read. I can French. Can They German 1 They 



168 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

fonnt fymgefyen* ©te fonnen eg fefyen* 3d) fonnte ntcfyt 

can thither go. They can it see. I could not 

fritter fommem ©te fonnte eg ntd)t tierftefyen* S$ fonnte 

earlier come. She could it not understand. It could 

fern, dv fonnte eg tfynn, wenn er tootlte. 3d) fyabe ntd)t 

be. He could it do if he were willing. I have not 

fcfylctfen fonnen* @r hat eg nidjt lewen fonnen* 3<*) fyatte 

to sleep to be able. He has it not to learn to be able. I might hare 

eg tragen fonnen. ©ie fatten fymgefyen fonnen* 3d) 

it to carry to be able. They might have there to go to be able. I 

gfanbe, bct£ er eg ntcfyt fyat t{)un fotmem 

believe that he it not has to do to be able. 

She can sew. I can read. I understand French. 
Do you understand German? You may go there. 
You may see it. I could not come earlier. She could 
not understand it. It might be. He could do it, if he 
were willing. I have not been able to sleep. He was 
not able to learn it. I could have carried it. You 
might have gone there. I believe that he was not able 
to do it. 



©olf en, to be to, 4-c. 3d) foil fd)ret6en* 2)u folltf 

I am to write. Thou shalt 

fd)tt>etgen* (grfott bte 9ied)mwg bejafyten* (£r foil fritter 

be silent. He shall the bill pay. He is said formerly 

retd) gewefen feim 3d) fotlte iljtt beglettem ©ie fotlten ifym 

rich been to be. I was to him accompany. They were to to him 

fyeffem 3d) follte md)tg batton erroaljnem @x fotlte fern 

help. I ought to nothing thereof mention. He ought to his 

©elb fparem @g follte grower feim SOBamm follte id) eg 

money save. It ought to larger be. Why should I it 

nid)t tfymt ? 5Ber tyat eg brmgen fotten ? 2Ber tjattc eg 

not do 1 Who has it to bring to be to \ Who might have it 

wtg fagen follen ? 3fyr bdttet eg fefyen follem 3d) fage, 

to us to say to be to ? You would hare it to see to be to. I say 

ba$ er eg ntd)t fydtte tfytm fotlen. 

that he it not might have to do to be to. 

I am to write. Thou art to be silent. He is to pay 
the bill. He is said to have been wealthy formerly. I 
was to accompany him. They were to help him. 
I ought not to mention anything of it. He ought to 
save his money. It ought to be larger. Why should I 
not do it ? Who was to bring it ? Who should have 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 169 

told us of it? You ought to have seen it. I say 
that he ought not to have done it. 



23 tt xf e n f to be allowed. 2>atf id) cmdgeben ? Sarf 

Dare I out go ? Dare 

id) fyojfen ? ©it .barfjt beh &unb ntdbt fcfyfagen. @r barf 

I hope ? Thou darest the dog- not beat. He dares 

nidjt fptefen. Durft 3br mirf) begfetten ? 2Kr biirfen ntcfytg 

not play. Dare you me accompany 1 We dare nothing 

fagen. 'Sic biirfen e£ feben. 3d) bnrfte ben $#$ nidjt 

say. They dare it see. I durst the foot not 

bewegen. & burfte rndji tcmjem 3d) hahc ntd)t3 faufen 

move. He durst not dance. 1 have nothing to buy 

biirfen. Gr hat nid)t$ truifen biirfen. 3rf) toet£, rcarum er 

to be allowed He has nothing to drink to be allowed. I know why he 

e3 mcfyt bat tbnn biirfen. 

it not has to do to be allowed. 

Dare I go oat ? Dare I hope ? Thou darest not 
beat the dog. He dares not play. Are you allowed 
to accompany me ? We dare not say anything. You 
dare see it. I durst not move my foot. He durst not 
dance. I was not allowed to buy anything. He was 
not allowed to drink anything. I know why he was 
not allowed to do it. 



gjjitffen, to be obliged. 3$ mug e3 ihnx fagen. & 

I must it to him tell. He 

mu$ arbetten. SBStr rnujfen gefmt. 3br mtipt anfmerffamer 

must work. We must go. 5fou must more attentive 

fetn. ©te mi'ujen ffcfi fcbenen. 3$ rongte bet tbm Met* 

be. They must themselves spare. I was obliged by to him re- 

ben, dv imtfte frith anffteben. 3rf) tterbe tbn teamen 

main. He was obliged early up stand. 1 shall him to warn 

nuijfen. 3rf) fyafce c£ thin erfldren ntuffen. Ste hat e£ 

to be obliged. I have it to him to explain to be obliged. She has it 

fncfyen 'ntitfien. Sagen (Ste tmr/roag er Sjjitett bat brtngen 

to seek to be obliged. Teil They to me what he to Them has to bring 

mtifien. 

to be obliged. 

I must tell him so. He must work. We must go. 
You must be more attentive. You must spare yourself. 
I was obliged to remain with him. He was obliged to 
rise earlv. I shall have to warn him, I had to explain 

8* 



170 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

it to him. She had to look for it. Tell me what he 
was obliged to bring you. 



? a f f e n, to let 3d) I ajfe 3fmen ben ©tocf ♦ £n lafiejt Deitten 

I leave to Them the cane. Thou lettest thy 

$rennb fcmge marten. @r (apt ben Stocf anbenu (6r la^t 

friend long wait. He lets the coat alter. (He causes 

anbern*) 2a# tf)tt rufen* ?a$ tfytt in Dtnfye* @ie 

to be altered.) Let (thou) him call. Let (thou) him in quietness. They 

fafiett ftcf) Don ifym fyuttergefyeiu (Saffen ftd) fyinter* 

let themselves from to him deceive. (Suffer themselves to be 

gefyen.) 3Bir laffen un£ rafnm (£v lief jTcf) xttc^t 

deceived.) We let ourselves shave. He let himself not 

itberreben* @r ftefl ntir fagen, bag er bente niefyt fommen 

persuade. He let to me tell that he to-day not to come 

fonne* 2Btr ftefjen fte atfem geben. ©te Kef ben S3rtef 

be able. We let her alone go. She let the letter 

ttegtragen* 3d) hahe mix einen 3afyn ansjiefyen faffem 3cfy 

away carry. I have to me a tooth out to draw to let. I 

fyabe tyn wfen lafien. ?afien ©te mir bic 3eitung ttorfefen* 

have him to call to let. Let They to me the newspaper before read. 

Zaftm ©ie mid) 3bnen bie Seitung fcorlefem 3Benn 

Let They me to Them the newspaper before read. If 

er ben SSrief geftern tjatte rcegtrctgen laffen, fo f)dtte jTe 

he the letter yesterday had away to carry to let, so had she 

benfetben ju redder Beit erbctttem 

the same at to right time received. 

Obs.— In phrases like this, ($r lix$t benSloefan* 
bern, he causes the coat to be altered (he is having the 
coat altered), the infinitive of the active form is used in 
German to correspond to the infinitive of the passive 
in English. 

I leave you the cane. Thou keepest thy friend wait- 
ing long. He is having the coat altered. Send for him. 
Let him alone. They suffer themselves to be deceived 
by him. We get shaved. He did not suffer himself 
to be persuaded. He sent me word that he was not 
able to come to-day. We let her go by herself. She 
had the letter carried away. I have had a tooth 
drawn. I have sent for him. Let the newspaper be 
read to me. Let me read the newspaper to you. If he 
had had the letter carried away yesterday, she would 
have received it in due time, 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 171 

902 o g e n, to be inclined. dv mag tfynn, n>a£ er unit. 

He may do what he wishes. 

9D?agft Su ben 28em md)t fofiett ? 3d) mag tyn md)t 

Art inclined thou the wine not to taste 1 I am inclined him not 

feben. 3d) mag gent atfetn fern. 3d) mag Iteber 

to see. I am inclined willingly alone to be. I am inclined sooner 

fafyreit al$ reiten, dv mag Iteber 

to ride in a carriage than to go on horseback. He is inclined sooner 

fpiefen ate arbetten. ©te mogen gefyen, tt>obin ©te tt>otfen. 

to play than to work. They may go whither They wish. 

©te med)te ben SBrfef ntd)t (efen. 3d) mocfyte mcfyt 

She was inclined the letter not to read. I was inclined not 

fytngeben. dv mocfjte gern em 33nd) tya&etu 3d) 

to go thither. He would be inclined willingly a book to have. I 

mi>d)te gern auf ben Salt getyen. 3d) bat ifyn, ba# 

wou!d be inclined willingly on the ball to go. I desired him that 

er mtr t>elfen mod)te. dv t)at e3 ntd)t tybven mogen. dv 

he to me to help might. He has it not to hear to be inclined. He 

tturb e£ ntd)t tbtm mogen. 3d) tyixtte e£ fefyen 

will it not to do to be inclined. I should have it to see 

mogen. 

to be inclined. 

He may do what he chooses. Art thou not inclined to 
taste the wine ? 1 do not wish to see him. I like to 
be by myself. I like riding in a carriage better than 
going on horseback. He likes playing better than work- 
ing. You may go where you choose. She did not like 
to read the letter. I did not like to go there. He would 
like to have a book. I should like to go to the ball. I 
requested him to help me. He was not inclined to 
hear it. He will not like to do it. I should have liked 
to see it. 



SOBerben, to become, ^c. 3d) tt>erbe miibe. £u 

I become tired. Thou 

ttnrfi gefdndt. dv nnrb gro£. ©ie ttnrb bfo#. d$ roirb 

becomest skilful. He becomes tall. She becomes pale. It grows 

bimfel. 2Btr werben arm. 3fyr werbet retd). ©te (©) 

dark. We become poor. You become wealthy. They 

n>erben ttertegen. ©te (f) tt>erben nnrnbtg. 3d) wurbe 

become embarrassed. They become uneasy. I became 

(marb) franf. £>n ttmrbeft (warDjt) bofe. dv nmrbe (warb) 

sick. Thou becamest angry. He became 



172 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

fd)taferig. SSJir nmrben mubt. 3 Br ttmrbet trage. ®fe 

sleepy. We became tired. You became lazy They 

(S) nmrben fcerjagt Sie (f) nntrben t>ertrante ^rennbe* 

became timid. They became intimate friends. 

3d) bin hard geroorbetu @r tfi finger gewcrbem Sic i# 

I am sick become. He is more prudent become. She is 

tt>ieber gefnnb geroorben. dv i]i ftaufmatin gerocrben- 2Ba3 

again healthy become. He is merchant become. What 

ill: au$ 3brer grennbm geworben ? ®te tfl Scfyaufpteferm 

is out to Their (female) friend become 1 She is actress 

gercorben* @r befit nrieber gefnnb jn rcerben* Sr tt>nnfrf)t 

become. He hopes again healthy to become. He wishes 

reirf) ju ioerbetr* Sie fcbeint b&fe gti rcerben* 3* tt>erbe 

rich to become. She seems angry to become. I shall 

Dorfttttiger roerbeiu (Sie roerben feltg toerben* SBo^ mnp 

more cautious become. They will happy become. What must 

man tbun, urn retch $n mcrben ? 

one do in order rich to become 3 

I am becoming tired. Thou art becoming skilful. 
He is becoming tall. She is becoming pale. It is 
growing dark. We are becoming poor. You are becom- 
ing wealthy. You are becoming embarrassed. They 
are becoming uneasy. I became sick. Thou becamest 
angry, lie became sleepy. We became tired. You 
became lazy. You became timid. They became inti- 
mate friends. I became sick. He has become more 
prudent. She has recovered. He has become a mer- 
chant. What has become of your (f.) friend ? She has 
become an actress, He hopes to recover. He wishes 
to become wealthy. She appears to become angry. I 
shall become more cautious. You will become happy. 
What must one do in order to become wealthy ? 



VERBS FORMING THE PAST PARTICIPLE WITHOUT THE 

prefix ge* 

Infinitive. Past participle. 

SMetbigett, to offend. SSefcibtgt, offended. 

93egreifen, to conceive. 95egrtffen, conceived, 

©ntfcfcabtgen, to indemnify. (Jnffchdbigf, indemnified. 

©rHdrett, to explain. (rrffart, explained. 



EAST LESSORS IN GERMAN. 173 

©eborcben, to obey. ©ebcrcbt, obeyed. 

©efatfen, to please. ©efatfen, pleased. 

35erfprerf)en, to promise. SSerfprodben, promised, 

©mpfangen, to receive. Smpfangen, received. 
SSBiberfprecfjen, to contradict. ©fcerfprecben,. contradicted, 

jjuitergeben, to deceive. ftmtergangen, deceived. 

Serretpen, to tear. 3erriiJen, torn. 

Obs. — Verbs commencing with one of the particles 
be, ent, er, ge, fcer, emp, n)tfcer r butter, and jer, do not take 
the prefix ge in the past participle. 

dv bat mid) befetfctgt 3d) babe e3 fcegrtflFetu Qv ftmrbe 

He has me offended. 1 have it conceived. He was 

etttfdjabtgt @v bat mtr gebercbh S3 bat ibr gefallem 

'ndemnified. He has tome obeyed. It has to her pleased. 

SSir baben e£ tbneu aerfprcdjeiu SESer bat ba£ 23urf) 

»Ve have it to them promised. Who has the hook 

gorriffen ? 3d) babe ba3 @elb empfattgetu 5E?a3 bat er 

torn 1 I have the money received. What has he 

Sbnen erfifftrt ? Sr bat mtr rotberfprccbem ®te ba6en 

to Them explained 1 He has to me contradicted. They have 

imS bintergangeu* 

us deceived. 

He has offended me. I have conceived it. He was 
indemnified. He obeyed me. She was pleased with 
it. We promised it to him. Who has torn the book ? 
[ have received the money. What did he explain to 
> r ou ? He has contradicted me. They have deceived 
us. 



SEPARABLE COMPOUND VERBS. 

SENTENCES WITHOUT A CONJUNCTION REQUIRING THE 
VERB AT THE END. 

Simple tenses. 
Present. 3eb gebe beute ntcbt ou& 

I go to-day not out. 

I do not go out to-day. 
@eben Sie bnxtt rncfyt au$ ? 

Go They to-day not out 1 

Do you not go out to-day ? 



174 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

Imperfect, ©tug er mit iftr au$ ? 

Went he with to her out 1 

Did he go oat with her ? 
dv gtng mrf)t mit Oft an$. 

He went not with to her out. 

He did not go out with her. 



Compound tenses. 
Perfect. (£x i)l fcfyon au^gegcmgem 

He is already out gone. 

He has gone out already. 
3ft er (ebon auggegcmgen ? 

Is he already out gone 1 

Has he gone out already ? 
Future, (it ttrirb fceute mcf)t auggefyetu 

He will to-day not out go. 

He will not go out to-day. 
Sffiirb er fyeute mdjt au^geben ? 

Will he to-day not out go 1 

Will he not go out to-day ? 



Infinitive without JU* 
SBMett ©te au^geben ? 

Will They out go ? 

Do you wish to go out ? 

Infinitive with $ it* 
©ebenfen ©te auSjugeben ? 

Intend They out to go 1 

Do you intend to go out ? 



Imperative. 
©efyen ©te mtt mtr au$. 

Go They with to me out. 

Go out with me. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 175 

SENTENCES WITH A CONJUNCTION REQUIRING THE 
VERB AT THE END. 

Simple tenses. 
Present. Xa id) tyute nidjt au$gefie/fo loerfce id) Bit 

As I to-day not out go, so shall I Them 

mcrgeu befucften* 

to-morrow risk. 

As I do not go out to-day , I shall call 
upon you to-morrow. 

Imperfect £ie Same, nut tt>elcf)er er (tugging, ift feme 

The lady with to which he out went is his 

Statist* 

bride. 

The lady with whom he went out is his 
bride. 



Compound tenses. 
Perfect. 3d) tfennutbe, fca£ er fcfcon au^gegangett tft 

I presume that he already out gone is. 

I presume that he has gone out already. 
Future. %d) Dermurte, ba$ er beutt nid)t auggefyett 

I presume that he to-day not outgo 

tttrb* 

will. 

I presume that he will not go out to-day. 



Infinitive without git* 
SEBemt- ®ie au^gehen rootten, fo unfit id) ©ie fcegleiten* 

If They out go will, so will I Them accompany. 

If you wish to go out, I will accompany you. 

Infinitive with $ U. 
2K?enn @te auSjugeben gebenfen, fo ffexfcen Bit fid) a*. 

If They out to go intend, so dress They themselves on. 

If you intend to go out, dress yourself. 



176 LAST LESSONS EH GERMAN. 

CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 

The particle is separated from the verb in the infin- 
itive by ju and in the past participle by ge. — When a 
compound verb in the present or imperfect tense is re- 
quired at the end of the sentence, the particle is not se- 
parated from it; but when the verb is not required 
at the end of the sentence, it is separated from the 
particle, and the latter closes the sentence. — The past 
participle and infinitive of compound verbs, when used 
in compound tenses, as the perfect and future, have the 
same forms, whether the auxiliary be required at the 
end of a sentence or not. 

Jt onnen @ie btefe3 2Bort auSfprecfyen ? Ste fprecfyen t$ 

Can They this word out speak % They speak it 

ricfyttg au$* 3d) fcerftcfyere 3bnen, %a$ Sfc c ^ ncbttg au£* 

correctly out. I assure to Them that They it correctly pro- 

fprecfyen* Ste fpracben e£ anber$ an5* 3d) benfe, ba^ id) 

nounce. They spoke it otherwise out. 1 think that I 

e$ ebert fo augfprad)* 2£te baben ®te e3 an^gefprecben 1 3d) 

it just so out spoke. How have They it out spoken 1 I 

tveif} ntdjt, note ©te eg au^gefpredjen baben* 2Botfen ©te 

know not how They it out spoken have. Will They 

e£ gefattigjl nod) etmnal an^fpreeben ? 9Bag roeCen Sie 

it most pleasingly yet once out speak 1 What will They 

einfanfen ? 3d) gebenfe SSerfcbiebeneg einjufaufen. 2Sa3 

into buy 1 I intend different things into to buy. What 

f anft er em ? Grr fauft 3 u der nnb $afifee em* SGBcju braucbt 

buys he into 1 He buys sugar and coffee into. Whereto wants 

er bte SESaaren, ttHcbe er etnfauft? 2Bo fauften ©te 

he the goods which he into buys? Where bought They 

fcormafe 3t)re SBaaren em ? ©agen Sie tmr, n>o Ste 

formerly Their goods into ? Tell They to me where They 

btefelben Dormafe emfanften* £afcett Sxe fcfjon Sltteg ein* 

them formerly into bought. Have They already every thing into 

gcfauft, tt>a£ Ste einjnfanfen gebacbten ? 3d) tterbe necb 

bought what They into to buy intended ? 1 shall yet 

9)?cmd)eg einfaufen. 2Bann tterben Sie abreifen? 3d) 

many things into buy. When will They off travel 1 i 

gebenfe bente Slbenb abjuretfetu ©r reif t f^eute ab. (rr 

intend to-day evening off to travel. He travels to-day off. He 

reif te fritter ab aU id), dx tfi fcbcn abgereif't 9?etfen 

travelled earlier off than I. He is already off travelled. Travel 

©te fyeate ab ? ptetfett ©te beute mcbt ab. 58emt ©ie 

They to-day off? Travel They today not off. If Thev 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 177 

erft morgen abreifen, fe hoffc id) 2ie itcrf) cinmal jit feberu 

only to-morrow off travel, so hope I Them yet once to see. 

2£oKen Sie auffreben ? 3* ftcbe jegt auf* (rr ftanb fpdt 

Will They up stand ? I stand now up. He stood late 

ajjf. Steben Sie nccft mcfct auf? SBBanti ftefcen ©te ge^ 

up. Stand They yet not up ? When stand They usu- 

ttcbnttdb anf? ©atinfmb ©ie beute Oftergen aufgeftariben? 

ally up ? When are They to-day morning up stood \ 

%U tcf) heute frtib aufjlanb, batte ich Stopfwi). afBamt 

When I to-day early up stood had I headache. When 

rcerbett Sfire #reunbe (net cmfemmen? 3$ tt>eip tttcfyt, tt>antt 

•vill Their friends here on come ? I know not when 

ae fytet attf emmen mibeix. @r fam gefretn Don %$?cM. 

ihey here on come will. He came yesterday from to P. back. 

3cb fcermutbe, bag fie gejiern Doit 1\ juritrf fam* 3ft fte 

I presume that she yesterday from to P. back came. Is she 

QlMlitb jurfirfgef cmmen ? 3d) aerftcfjere Soften, bag fte 

happily back come ! I assure to Them that she 

ghicfltdj juritrfgefemmen iff* ^emmen Ste ba(b jurittf* 3* 

happily back come is. Come They soon back. I 

heflFe," bag gie halt jurutffemmen mxbetu " SBBotfeit 8ie mtr 

hope that They soon back come will. Will They to me 

juberen ? Qaben 2ie ?ufr / fyftt jujuberen ? 3rf) fpW ibm 

to listen? Have They desire to him to to listen ! I hear to him 

gent $«♦ 3* berte xbr tange aufmerffam jiu fyaben 2ie 

gladly to. I heard to her long attentively to. Have They 

tbm (ange jugebort ? &cren 2ie mtr nur no* eutett Stagen* 

tohim long to heard? Hear They to me only yet one mo- 

Uid ju* 3^ gtng weg, roeil id) ibm iitdht mebr juberen 

ment to. I went away, because I to him not more to hear 

femtte* SRacftfcem tdj ibm tange rubig jugebert batte, fcegamt 

could. After I tohim long quietly to heard had, began 

id) fetgenber tyla&n. Semen 2te gent auswenbig ? 

I of following measures. Learn They willingly by heart ? 

SOSerben (Eie 3bre Sfafgabe auen>enbig fenten ? " 3cf) babe 

Will They Their lesson by heart learn ? I have 

fa ou£)i>enbtg $u lenten. (2x (efnte fte cmStrenfcig* dx bat 

her by heart to learn. He learned her by heart. He has 

groanjtg unregeimapige 3eitwcrter auewenbig gelernt 

twenty irregular verbs by heart learned. 

Obs. — An adverb connected with a verb, such as 
a U $ tt> e n b i g, fejf &ear£ 5 is treated, as regards its posi- 
tion, like a particle of a compound verb. 

Can you pronounce this word ? You pronounce it 
correctly. I assure you that you pronounce it properly, 
8* 



178 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

You pronounced it differently. I think that I pronounced 
it in the same manner. How did you pronounce it ? 
I do not know how you pronounced it. Will you please 
to pronounce it once more ? What are you going to 
purchase ? I intend to purchase different things. What 
is he purchasing ? He purchases sugar and coffee. 
For what does he want the goods which he is pur- 
chasing? Where did you purchase your goods form- 
erly ? Tell me where you purchased them formerly. 
Have you already purchased every thing that you in- 
tended to purchase ? I shall buy some more things. 
When will you depart ? I intend to depart this 
evening. He departs to-day. He departed sooner 
than I. He has departed already. Will you depart 
to-day ? Do not depart to-day. If you will not de- 
part before to-morrow, I hope to see you once more. 
Do you wish to rise ? I am now rising. He rose 
late. Do you not yet rise ? When do you generally 
rise ? When did you rise this morning ? When I 
rose this morning I had the headache. When will 
your friends arrive here ? I do not know when they 
will arrive. He returned from P. yesterday. I pre- 
sume that she returned from P. yesterday. Did she 
return well ? I, assure you that she returned well. 
Come back soon. I hope that you will come back 
soon. Will you listen to me ? Have you a desire to 
listen to him ? I like to listen to him. I listened to 
her long with attention. Did you listen to him long ? 
Listen to me only one moment longer. I went away, 
because I could no longer listen to him. After I had 
listened to him for some time quietly, I began thus, &c. 
Do you like to learn by heart ? Will you learn your 
lesson by heart ? I have to learn it by heart. He 
learned it by heart. He has learned twenty irre- 
gular verbs by heart. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 179 

PASSIVE FORM. 

PRINCIPAL TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD. 

Sd) n>erbe Don memen grennben geliebt Seine ©cfywefter 

I am from to my friends loved. Thy sister 

ttnrb Don tfyren ?ebrern gettebt nnb getobt, toetf fie flet#tg 

is from to her teachers loved and praised, because she industrious 

nnb anfmerffam ift ; aber 2>n wixft Don ben Seimgen getabelt, 

and attentive is ; but thou art from to the thine blamed 

toett En md)t gent axbeitefi. SStr rcerben oft getdnfdjt 

because thou not willingly workest. We are often deceived. 

©te werben Don %bxm gtennben gefri)d£t Ste Unnnffenben 

They are from to Their friends esteemed. The ignorant 

toerben Derad)tet 9B3erben ©te bafur entfcfyabtgt? 3d) 

are despised. Are They therefor indemnified! I 

tonrbe im %abxe arf)t$ebnbnnbert nnb acbtjebn gebotm ©r 

was in to the year eighteen hundred and eighteen born. He 

\mxbe Don feinem £>nfel erjogen* 3fyre ©tttnme nmrbe be* 

was from to his uncle educated. Her voice was ad- 

umnbert ©te nmrben Denntgt @8 nmrben fe$te$ Saljr 

mired. They were missed. It were last year 

Dtele Jenifer tner gebant 3d) bin betrogen worbem dv ift 

many houses here built. I am deceived been. He is 

beteibtgt n>orbem ©te ift etngrfctben ttorbem 2Btr jTnb ge* 

offended been. She is invited been. We are com- 

$ttmngen roorben* ®fe jTnb genngbanbettworbem 3d) roerbe 

peiled been. They are ill-treated been. I shall 

tbm entpfofyten rcerbeiu Xu nurft befixaft werben* (£r rotrb 

to him recommended be. Thou wilt punished be. He will 

belofynt merbem ©te nrirb gitttg bebanbelt tt>erben* SGBtr 

rewarded be She will kindly treated be. We 

tt>erben Dertfyetbtgt roerbem %bv rcerbet geacfytet tt>erben* 

shall defended be. You will esteemed be. 

©te werben betrogen werben* ©te (©) roerben gnt bebtent 

They will deceived be. They will well waited upon 

n>erben. 

be. 

Obs. — The passive voice is formed from the auxili- 
ary n> e V b e n and the past participle. The past par- 
ticiple of the auxiliary n> e r b e n is tt>orben* The 
position of the auxiliary n> e r b e n in a sentence de- 
pends upon the general rules regulating the position of 
any auxiliary. 

I am loved by my friends. Thy sister is loved 
and praised by her teachers, because she is industri- 



ISO EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

ous and attentive ; but thou art blamed by thine, be- 
cause thou dost not like to work. We are often de- 
ceived. You are esteemed by your friends. The 
ignorant are despised. Will you be indemnified for 
that? I was born in eighteen hundred and eighteen. 
He was brought up by his uncle. Her voice was 
admired. You were missed. There were many houses 
built here last year. I have been deceived. He has 
been offended. She has been invited. We have been 
compelled. They have been ill-treated. I shall be 
recommended to him. Thou wilt be punished. He 
will be rewarded. She will be treated kindly. We 
shall be defended. You will be esteemed. They will 
be deceived. You will be waited upon well. 



PRESENT TENSE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN REGULAR 
AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

Saget e3 ii)x ntityi, bamtt fte dnd) iticfyt fcerratfye* dt 

Tell it to her not that she you not may betray. He 

uerbtent, ba$ man ifyn ad)te. @r fcfymeicfyelt ftcb, ba$ 

deserves that one him may esteem. Ke flatters to himself that 

fte ifyn Hebe, dv fagte mix, ba$ ®te lefem Q?r fragte mid), 

she him love. He told to me that They read. He asked me 

06 id) eg gfaube* & $ianbt, ba$ id) fcfceqe* Sffiir fragten 

whether I it believe. He believes that I joke. We asked 

tfjtf, n>ot)er er fommc nub roofjin er gebe* ©te fragte micfr, 

him whence he come and whither he go. She asked me 

ttuetnel id) tie 2Becbe fcerbtene* QRem Sater nmnfcfyt, ba$ id) 

how much I the week earn. My father wishes that I 

beutfrf) (erne. Sie ttnmfcfrt, bag er fte begletfe, @r 

German may learn. She wishes that he her may accompany. He 

fagt, ba$ er fte mcfyt begtetten fonne* 3etgen Sie mtr 

says that he her not to accompany be able. Show They to me 

Sfyre Ueberfefsung, bamtt id) febe, eb fte rtrf)ttg ijt. 

Their translation, that I may see if she correct is. 

Obs. — In all verbs the first and third persons of the 
present subjunctive end in e, and are formed from the * 
infinitive by dropping the at, when the infinitive ends in 
en, or by substituting e for the n of the final { n and nt 
of the infinitive, The other . persons of the present 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 181 

subjunctive are formed by the same affixes respectively, 
as are used in the present indicative. 

Do not tell it to her, that she may not betray you. 
He deserves to be esteemed. He flatters himself to be 
loved by her. He told me that you were reading. He 
asked me whether I believed it. He believes that I am 
joking. We asked him from whence he came, and 
whither he was going. She asked me how much I was 
earning a week. My father wishes me to study Ger- 
man. She wishes him to accompany her. He says 
that he was not able to accompany her. Show me your 
translation, that I may see whether it is correct. 



IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE AND CONDITIONALS, IN 
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 

SOBenn er bet n>dre, fo nnirbe id) eg ibm fagetn 3$ 

If he here were, so would I it to him tell. I 

wftrbe ©te geftern befucfyt baben, toenn id) tticfjt unroot)! 

should Them yesterday visited hare, if I not unwell 

geroefen tt>dte* ©te nutrbe ibre Sfufgabe gemacfyt baben, 

been were. She would her lesson made have, 

wmn fte tucfyt barcm Derbtnbert Herbert metre* @ie nmrben 

if she not thereon hindered been were. They would 

eg ftnbett, roernt ®te eg fucbten* @r voitrbe mcfyt getabelt 

it find, if They it sought. He would not blamed 

werben, roeim er aufmerffamer mare. SBurben Ste mtg 

be, if he more attentive were. Would They us 

toben, tt>enn nrir intfere SUtfgctbcn macbten ? Sffienn 3hr fie 

praise, if we our lessons made 1 If you them 

obne $ebler ntacfytet, fo nntrbe icf) (Sitcf) foben* Sffiemt er 

without errors made, so would I you praise. If he 

gte aerftcmben batte, fo nntrbe er 3fwen cmtrcortem SESenn 

Them understood had, so would he to Them answer. If 

©te frttber gefommen toatert, fo nntrben Ste Stjren greanb 

They earlier come were, so would They Their friend 

t)ier getroffen baben* 3d) beforgte, ba$ er mid) Dcrtaffett 

here met have. I feared that he me forsake 

nmrbe* Scfj nmrbe tnS Sweater gefyett, roenn trf) 3 ei * t)atte. 

would. I should into the theatre go, if I time had. 

3d) nmrbe mit Sfynett getjett, roemt Ste fymeitt gutgeiu 3cf) 

I should with to Them go 5 if They into went, I 



182 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

nnirbe in$ Sonjert gegattgen fettt, wetm id) 3^it geljafct 

should into the concert gone be, if I time had 

f)&tte* 3rf) vourbe ©te geptern 6efud)t fyxben, tt>emt id) 

had. I should Them yesterday visited have, if : I 

Qemi$t tyatte, bag ©te unpag(td) 'waxen. 3d) nmrbe jufrtebett 

known had that They indisposed were. I should content 

feiit, wemt id) fo gut beutfd) fprecfyen fomtte, toic ntettt 

be, if I so well German speak could as my 

SSetter. 



Obs. — The imperfect subjunctive does not differ from 
the imperfect indicative in regular verbs ; in irregular 
verbs it is formed by adding an e to the imperfect in- 
dicative, and softening the vowels a, 0, u into a, o, iu 
The conditional is formed from the auxiliary id) 
n> ix r b e &c., and the infinitive. 3d) toitrbe &c., 
which is the imperfect subjunctive of Herbert, cor- 
responds both to the English should and would. In 
phrases like this, 2Benn er ba tt)&re, fo toiirbe 
id) e 3 i f) m fagett, if he were here, I should tell it to 
him, the two parts of the sentence are connected by f o 
and the latter verb, n> it r b e, which is preceded by f o, 
is followed by its nominative. This inversion of the nom- 
inative generally takes place when the verb is preceded 
by fo. The conjunction fo in the above sentence 
corresponds with tt> e n tt ; but it may also correspond 
with other conjunctions. 

If he were here, I should tell it to him. I should 
have called upon you yesterday, if I had not been unwell. 
She would have done her exercise, if she had not been 
prevented from it. You would find it, if you looked for 
it. He would not be blamed, if he were more atten- 
tive. Would you praise us, if we did our exercises ? If 
you did them without any errors, I should praise 
you. If he had understood you, he would answer 
you. If you had come earlier, you would have met 
your friend here. I feared that he would forsake me. 
I should go to the theatre, if I had time. I should go 
with you, if you went there. I should have gone to 
the concert, if I had had time. I should have called 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 183 

upon you yesterday, if I had known that you were 
indisposed. I should be satisfied, if I could speak 
German as well as my cousin. 



ADVERBS. 
dm fcbretbt fcfyott, aber tbre ©cf)tt>ejter fcfyrabt fcfyoner 

Eve writes beautifully, but her sister writes more beautifully, 

imb ©tfabetfy fdhretbt am fcbonftem Sarah jlngt gut, 

and Elizabeth writes at the most beautiful. Sarah sings well, 

aber SDtargaretfye flttgt bejfer unb ?ecttere ftrtgt am beftem 

but Margaret sings better, and Eleonor sings at the best. 

3u(iu3 fcfyretbt rid)% ©ie fprecfyen ju kife. ©precfyen ©ie 

Julius writes correctly. They speak too low. Speak They 

tank ©precfyen ©ie tauter* ©te reben ju fcbrtefiL 9teben 

aloud. Speak They more loudly. They speak too quickly. Speak 

©ie fattgfam, (angfamer* ©te banbette ftug. @x f)at 

They slowly, more slowly. She acted prudently. He has 

fiiiger gebanbett @r bat ebrltrf) gebanbelt* @r rtef taut. 

more prudently acted. He has honestly acted. He cried aloud. 

@r lerttt fleigig- ©te fpradf) aufrtcfyttg* @r trtnft 

He learns diligently. She spoke uprightly. He drinks 

imm&fng. SDBtr fmb fcetftg batten itberjeugt (Sr bbvtc 

immoderately. We are fully thereof convinced. He heard 

xt>r aufmerffam jiu £te betben ?tebenben tt>aren 

to her attentively to. The both lovers were 

anaa^fprecfyttrf) gfMltcf). @r gejlanb offen, ba# er e3 getfyatt 

inexpressibly happy. He confessed openly that he it done 

fyabe* @r fyat fie grobltrf) beletbtgt ©te tft ganj imrubtg* 

have. He has her grossly offended. She is quite uneasy. 

©cfyretben ©te betttlicf), beurttcfyer* ©te bat mid) brtngenb* 

Write They plainly, more plainly. She begged me urgently. 

3d) bin Sbnen mtenbltcf) fcerbunberu 

1 am to Them infinitely obliged. 

Obs, — In German, the adverb is not formed from the 
adjective by a special termination, as is the case in 
English ; but the adjective in its original form, that is 
not inflected according to gender or case, serves as an 
adverb. This applies as well to the positive as to the 
comparative and superlative degrees. 

Eve writes prettily, but her sister writes more prettily, 
and Elizabeth writes the most prettily. Sarah sings 



184 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

well, but Margaret sings better, and Eleonor sings the 
best. Julias writes correctly. You speak too low. 
Speak aloud. Speak more loudly. You speak too 
quickly. Speak slowly, more slowly. She acted 
prudently. He acted more prudently. He has acted 
honestly. He cried aloud. He studies diligently. She 
spoke sincerely. He drinks immoderately. We are 
perfectly convinced of it. He listened to her atten- 
tively. The two lovers were inexpressibly happy. He 
openly confessed that he had done it. He offended 
her grossly. She is quite uneasy. Write plainly, more 
plainly. She entreated me. I am infinitely obliged to 
you. 



©ie fmgt atterttebpt. (iv ijat un$ aufg fyofltcfyfle 

She sings most charmingly. He has us on the most polite 

erfudit, aufjujleben* (Scbert @te miv giittgft meute 

requested up to stand. Gire They to me most kindly my 

£anbfd)ube, <&a$m Sie tmr gefautgjl, nnetriel Ufyr eg 

gloves. Tell They to me most pleasingly how much clock it 

tjt <23 tfi l)6rf)fl einfad). (gte ifi ait^crorbentlid) gefcfytdft. 

is. It is extremely simple. She is extraordinarily skilful. 

Org ifl tt)m ho&fft nacfttbetiig* dv gritgte fte aufg fcer* 

It is to him extremely^ injurious. He saluted her on the most 

bmbttcfyfie, (§r empftng uxi$ aufS freitnbfcf)aftltct)fle* 

polite. He received us on the most amicable. 

She sings most charmingly. He most politely 
requested us to rise. Give me my gloves, if you please. 
Tell me, if you please, what o'clock it is. It is most 
simple. She is uncommonly skilful. It is extremely 
injurious to him. He saluted her in a most polite 
manner. He received us most amicably. 



PREPOSITIONS. 

PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE DATIVE. 

(St toofyttt Get &ernt fd. Qahen ®ie fern ©etb bet 

He lives at to Mr. B. Hare They no money at 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 185 

fid) ? 3df) bin bet gnter ©efnnbbeit* 2Btr n>aren bet 

to themselves 1 I am at to good health. We were at 

£ifcbe, ate ber grembe anfanu ?efen Sie bet ?tcbt ? @r 

to table, when the stranger on came. Read They by to light 1 He 

nabm fie bet ber ftanb* (gr n>obnt bicfyt bet mir* 3Bir 

took her -by to the hand. He lives closely by tome. We 

wobnen nabe bet ber ^3ojl+ Set meiner Sinfunft in ber ©tabt 

live near by to the post. At to my arrival in to the city 

fanb id) tyri franf* 3rf) fomme narf) 3bnen+ Jftetfen Sie 

found I him sick. I come after to Them. Travel They 

narf) 3L ? ©ie traten ©iter narf) bent Unbent em* @3 ifr 

after to A.I They stepped one after to the other into It is 

Dter narf) meiner Ubr* ©ie itmrfce Don tbm gettebt* S3 

four after to my watch. She was from to him loved. It 

uurb Don grofem Jingen feim 2Btr ft>aren Don fteben bi$ 

will of to great use be. We were from seven till 

nenn Ubr bet ibrn. dv fcbrieb Don ferf)3 bii ad)t llbr* 3d) 

nine clock at to him. He wrote from six till eight clock. I 

liebe fie ^on gcmjem £eqen* Sr tfi ein grennb Don mir. 

love her from to whole heart. - He is a friend of to me. 

Scfyttfen Sie ben 9?crf jn bem 2d)iteiber- 3* 1 ^em o>zbm 

Send They the coat to to the tailor. To to whom go 

Sie ? 3d) ging jii ^nf e. @r reif te ju ^Pferbe* £>er DtccJ 

They ^ I went at to foot. He travelled at to horse. The coat 

ift ai\$ feinem £nrf)e gemacbt <2r that e3 an3 Unttnfienbeit 

is out to fine cloth made. He did it out to ignorance. 

3rf) toaxf e£ au$ bem genjler* Sagen Sie e3 auger ibr 

I threw it out to the window. Tell They it besides to her 

Diiemaub* @r fpeif'te auper bem £aufe* @S ift au£er allem 

to nobody. He dined out to the house It is out to all 

3toeifeL & faufte einige 25tu+er nebft einer Sanbfarte* 

doubt. He bought several books together with to a map, 

3d) etbielt ben 33rtef mit ber ^ofh ©eben Sie mit mir. 

I received the letter with to the mail. Go They with to me. 

dv gebt feit bem erften September in bie (Erfntfe* 3rf) babe 

He goes since to the first September into the school. I have 

ibn feit feiner Dfatcffebr nid)t gefebeiu 33tmten Dter SScrfjen 

him since to his return not seen. Within to four weeks 

febrt cr jurficf. 3Btr roobnen ber birdie gegenitber* Sffiir 

turns he back. We live to the church opposite. We 

tt>obnen gegen ibm fiber* SBBtr gingen ibnen entgegetn 

live against to him over. We went to them towards. 

QKadjen ®ie e$ tbrem SBunfcfje gemap* £a£ i\l mir gtmnfcer. 

Make They it to her wish according. That is to me contrary. 

£aS ift bem ©efefce juwiber^ 

That in to the law contrary. 



186 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

He is living with Mr. B. Have you no money 
with you ? I am in good health. We were at table 
when the stranger arrived. Do you read by candle- 
light ? He took her by the hand. He lives close by 
me. We reside near the post-office. On my arrival 
in town I found him sick. I come after you. Do you 
travel to A. ? They stepped in one after the other. 
It is four o'clock by my watch. She was loved by 
him. It will be of great use. We were with him 
from seven till nine o'clock. He wrote from six till 
eight o'clock. I love you with all my heart. He is a 
friend of mine. Send the coat to the tailor's. Whom 
are you going to see ? I went on foot. He travelled 
on horseback. The coat is made of fine cloth. He 
did it out of ignorance. I threw it out of the window. 
Tell it to nobody besides her. He dined out of the 
house. It is beyond all doubt. He bought several 
books, together with a map. I received the letter by 
mail. Go with me. He has been going to school 
since the first of September. I have not seen him since 
his return. He will return within four weeks. We 
live opposite the church. We live opposite his house. 
We went to meet them. Do it according to her wish. 
I have an aversion to that. That is contrary to law. 



PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE ACCUSATIVE. 

3d) tt>erbe 3fyneu ba$ 25utf) burrf) memeu 33ebteutett 

I shall to Them the book through my servant 

fcfyttfem dv fcmb mid) buvd) Sufatf* 28w retften buret) 

send. He found me through chance. We travelled through 

£)l)to* 2Bot(en ©te bag fur mid) tfyuu ? 5E8tetue( rcoUeit 

Ohio. Will 1 ^iey that for me do 1 How much will 

©te fur bag $}au$ gebeu ? @r mvb gegeu bret Ufyr f ommen. 

They for the house give 1 He will towards three clock come. 

(gr fycmbdte gegeu memen SSBtKeu* ©egeu bag Q£\\t>e beg 

He acted against my will. Towards the end of the 

yjlcnat$ werbe id) abretfem ©te fmb atte gegeu thin ©te 

month shall I depart. They are all against him. She 

fyat erne Slbueiguug gegeu tfytt. dx war fet)r giittg gegeu 

has an aversion against him. He was very kind towards 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 187 

mid). ©te ift elm gremtbe unb cfyne aSemcmbte* 3d) 

me. She is without friends and without relatives. I 

fanb e3 ofyne 5SKii()e. @3 war urn SRtttag, 2Bir gefyen um 

found it without trouble. It was about noon. We go about 

3efyn Ufyr ju SSette unb ftefyen um fed)3 Uf)r auf* Sltte feme 

ten clock to bed, and stand about six clock up. All his 

$tnber maren unx ilm, &l$ er flavb. 3Str gingen x\m ba$ 

children were about him when he died. We went about the 

§au$ fyerum* (£r nnrb jTe um xt>r @etb betriigetu & ifl 

house round. He will her about her money cheat. He is 

ttn'ber meuten SBttfen au^gegangem 

contrary my will out gone. 

I shall send you the book through my servant. He 
found me by chance. We travelled through Ohio. 
Will you do that for me ? How much will you give 
for the house ? He will come about three o'clock. He 
acted contrary to my will. I shall depart towards the 
end of the month. They are all against him. She 
has an aversion to him. He was very kind to me. 
She is without any friends and relatives. I found it 
without trouble. It was about noon. We go to bed at 
ten o'clock, and rise at six. All his children were about 
him when he died. We went round the house. He 
will cheat her out of her money. He went out contrary 
to my will. 



PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE DATIVE AND 
ACCUSATIVE. 

Stn n>en fd)vet6en 0c ? 2(n n>en abrefftren ©te ben SSrief? 

On whom write They ? On whom address They the letter 1 

3d) erfannte tfytt an femern ©artge* dv tft an ber ©cfyttnnb* 

I recognised him on to his ^*ait . He is on to the consump- 

fud)t geftortem @r tjat Ue6erftu# an 3!ftem* Stn emern 

tion died. He has abundance on to all. On to a 

fcf)6nen ©ommermorgen gingen mv auf$ 2anb* £a3 portrait 

fine summer-morning went we upon the country. The portrait 

fydttgt an ber 2Banbl 25te 9?eif)e tft an Sfynett* £te3 S3«d) 

hangs on to the wall. The turn is on to Them. The book 

Itegt anf bem £tfd)e* ?egen ©te e£ auf ben £tfd)* Setfyen 

lies on to the table. Lay They it on the table. Lend 

©te e£ mtr auf bret £age* Sffierben ©te btefen ©ommer 

They it to me on three days. Will They this summer 



188 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

aitfg ?anb geben? dv tfl auf bem ?anbe* SBie fange ttaren 

on the country go 1 He is on to the country. How long were 

©ie auf ber See ? @r Derlte$ mid) auf einige 3eit ©ie ifl 

They on to the seal He left me on some time. She is 

jMj auf t!)re ©d)6nf)eih 23erlaffen ©ie ftd) auf meine 

proud on her beauty. Depend They themselves upon my 

23emiif)ungen* 3d) nritt U$ fteben Ubr auf tbn warteiu £er 

efforts. I will till seven clock on him wait. The 

@arten tjt btnter bem £aufe* ©ie trat fyinter ibren 33atet\ 

garden is behind to the house. She stepped behind her father. 

3d) n>ct)ue im jmeiten Storf* (§x ifi tin ©artem @r wofynt 

I live in to the second story. He is in to the garden. He lives 

m S3* 9ii it toavexx tit ber $ircbe* 9K3tr geben in ba$ 

in to B. We were in to the church. We go into the 

gbeater, d$ ift feme ginte im giutenfajfe* (3k$en 

theatre. It is no ink in to the inkstand. Pour 

©ie em>a£ Zinte tit ba$ Zintenfa$. dv flanb mitten im 

They some ink into the inkstand. He stood amidst in to the 

©ebrange* ©inb ©ie in ©efd)dften bier ? dv fag neben 

crowd. Are They in to business here! He sat near 

tyv* 3d) fcste mid) neben ibn* 2>er S3rief ttegt neben bem 

to her. I seated myself near him. The letter lies near to the 

33ud)e. Ueber ber £bur ifl eine 2luffd)rifh 3d) babe nut 

book. Above to the door is an inscription. I have with 

ibm itber 3bre Slngelegenfyeit gefprod)en> dv ift mir itber 

to him about Their affair spoken. He is to me over 

taufenb £otfar£ fcfyulbig* dv tjt itber gn>ei SS?cd)en franf 

thousand dollars owing. He is over two weeks sick 

geroefetu dv reif te itber ^. nad) & £er £unb ttegt unter 

been. He travelled over P. after to C. The dog lies under 

bem gtfcfye, dv legt fid) unter ben Ztfd). Stnton ifr ber 

to the table. He lays himself under the table. Anthony is the 

ftetptgfte unter meinen ©cfyttlmt* dv wagte jTct) nid)t 

most4ndustrious among to my pupils. He ventured himself not 

unter ft'e* gitrcfytett ©ie ftd) Dor tt)tn ? £bun ©ie ba3 

among them. Fear They themselves before to him 1 Do They that 

Dor alien £ittgem 2Sor brei £agetu SSor einem Sabre. 

before to all things. Before to three days. Before to a year. 

©ie ffanb Dor bem Spiegel* dv fommt Dor mir* 

She stood before to the looking-glass. He comes before to me. 

3d) Iteg ibn Dor mid) fommen* dv jtcmb jttrifdjen feinen 

I let him before me come. He stood between to his 

betben ©tf)tt>ef*erm 2M3 &au$ jlefyt $n>ifd)en $wti ©artem 

both sisters. The house stands between to two gardens 

dv trat jwifcfyen fte* 

He stepped between them. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 189 

Obs. — The above prepositions govern the accusative, 
when they convey the idea of motion towards a place 
or reference to a subject, and they govern the dative, 
when they denote rest in or motion within a place. 

To whom are you writing? To whom do you address 
the letter ? I recognised him by his gait. He died of 
consumption. He has every thing in abundance. One 
fine summer-morning we went into the country. The 
portrait hangs by the wall. It is your turn. The book is 
lying on the table. Lay it on the table. Lend it to me for 
three days. Will you go into the country this summer ? 
He is in the country. How long were you at sea ? 
He left me for some time. She is proud of her beauty. 
Rely upon my efforts. 1 will wait for him until seven 
o'clock. The garden is behind the house. She 
stepped behind her father. I live on the second 
floor. He is in the garden. He lives in B. We were 
at church. We were going to the theatre. There is 
no ink in the inkstand. Pour some ink into the ink- 
stand. He stood in the midst of the crowd. Are you 
here on business ? He sat near her. I sat down by 
him. The letter lies near the book. An inscription 
is above the door. I spoke to him about your affair. 
He owes me upward of a thousand dollars. He has 
been sick upward of two weeks. He travelled to C. 
by P. The dog is lying beneath the table. He lays 
himself under the table. Anthony is the most indus- 
trious among my pupils. He did not venture to go 
among them. Are you afraid of him ? Do this first 
of all. Three days since. A year ago. She stood be- 
fore the looking-glass. He comes before me. I made 
him appear before me. He stood between his two 
sisters. The house stands between two gardens. He 
stepped between them. 



PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE GENITIVE. 

28dftrent> fetner ^ranfbett teforgte id) fern ©efcftdft 3d) 

During: of his sickness attended I his business. I 



190 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

fyafce fte todfyrenb nteitteg Siufentfyalteg in 33. jmetmat befudjt 

have her during of my stay in to B. twice visited. 

3d) lobe jTe xbrer S3efrf)etbettt)ett wegem 3d) tl)at eg feinet^ 

1 praise her of her modesty on account. I did it of him 

n>egen. iiv tt>at eg 3f)rettt>egem £fyan ©ie eg ntetnet* 

on account. He did it of Them on account. Do They it of me 

ttegen. 3dj werbe eg urn 3fyrettt>ttfen tfymt- Urn beg 

on account. I shall it about of Them sake do. About of the 

£tmmelg ttnllen fyaben ©ie 9Kttteib mit mir* 3d) war au£er* 

heaven sake have They pity with to me. I was out- 

balb beg £aufeg. Die (girf)e |W)t augerfyalb beg ©artenS. 

side of the house. The oak stands outside of the garden. 

@x toirb imterfyafb brei ©ttmben ferttg fein* Dberfyalb beg 

He will within of three hours done be. Above of the 

$trd)t)ofg xjl eine Sffiiefe, imterfyalb befietben tft eine Slttee* 

church-yard is a meadow, below of it is a walk. 

Dag £aug ]tebt jenfext beg ghtjfeg* 3Bir rootyneit 

The house stands on the other side of the river. We live 

bieffeit befietbetu @r xvobnt innerfyatb brei SD^etlen fcon 

on this side of it. He lives within of three miles from 

bier* Der ^farrer tt>ot)ttt unroett ber $ird)e* ©efyeii ©te 

here. The minister lives not far of the church. Go They 

anffatt fetner t)in* 9Diittelfi enter ©cbere fontten ©ie ba^ 

instead of him there. By means of a scissors can They the 

$Qad)$ti\<$) jerfcfynetbeiu Ungead)tet feineg 9teid)tt)itmg t{i 

oil-cloth cut. Notwithstanding of his wealth is 

er ung(ucf(id)+ @r erfangte biefe $ennttufie (pi.) fcermoge fei* 

he unhappy.' He acquired this knowledge by means of 

neg glet^eg. 

his industry. 

During his sickness I attended to his business. I 
called upon her twice during my stay in P. I praise 
her on account of her modesty. I did it for his sake. 
He did it for your sake. Do it for my sake. I shall 
do it for your sake. For heaven's sake have pity on 
me. I was out of the house. The oak stands out- 
side of the garden. He will be done within three hours. 
Next above the church-yard is a meadow; below it 
there is a walk. The house stands on the other side 
of the river. We live on this side of it. He lives with- 
in three miles of this place. The minister resides not 
far from the church. Go there instead of him. With 
a pair of scissors you can cut the oil-cloth. Notwith- 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 191 

standing all his wealth he is unhappy. He acquired 
this knowledge by dint of industry. 



AND THE GENITIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. 

2Btr gmgett IdngS ber £iijte fpajierett. SQ3ir fubrett ldrtg3 

We went along of the coast to walk. We rode along 

ben SBBtefem @r felgte tbr bte ganje Strape entlang* 3^ 

to the meadows. He followed to her the whole street along. Accord- 

fofge femes StoftrageS or feinem Sluftrage jufotge fanbten toiv 

ing of his order, or, to his order according, sent we 

ibm erne £ijte SfBaarem 

to him a box of goods. 

We took a walk along the coast. We took a ride 
for pleasure along the meadows. He followed her all 
along the street. According to his order we sent him 
a box of goods. 



CONJUNCTIONS. 

granj tjl nidjt aufmerffam, and) bat er feme 3tafga6e mcfct 

Francis is not attentive, also has he his exercise not 

gemctcfyt. 3d) fernte 3hren greimb ttidjt, and) babe id) me 

made. I know Their friend not, also have I never 

*>on tbm gebort* 3d) anterricfyte fon>oM feme ©ofyne ate 

of to him heard. I instruct so well his sons as 

and) feme Z6d)tev. ©te fprtcbt fmojft franjofffd) ate and) 

also his daughters. She speaks so well French as also 

beutfrfh (it tji nidjt mtr febr refd), fonbem and) febr 

German. He is not only very rich, hut also very 

aitgefebem 2Dtr waren and) ba* @r bat nidjt atfetn bte 

respected. We were also there. He has not only the 

Sntereffen, fettbern and) ba$ Capital Derforem ^ommen 

interest, but also the capital lost. Come 

Sie enttoeber urn fcier ober urn fed)$ Ubr* 3d) erwartete 

They either about four or about six clock. I expected 

ibn, after er fam nidjt. Spvecben Sie nxebt writ ibm, fonbern 

him, but he came not. Speak They not with to him, but 

mit tbr* 3d) ioat nidjt tm theater, fonbem im Scnjerte* 

with to her. I was not in to the theatre, but in to the concert. 

3ene3 S3ud) i)~t rceber befebrenb nod) nntevbaltenb. 3d) 

That book is neither instructive nor entertaining, I 



192 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

tt>etp nicfyt, ob er meinen 23rtef erfyaften §at cber nicfyt 

know not whether he my letter received has or not. 

3d) tt>et£ ntdjt, ob er jurudfommen n>irb* 3d) fragte tl^n, 

I know not, if he back come will. I asked him, 

ob er mitgeben tootfe. Qv fieiite jTd), ate ob er ntd)t£ 

if he with to go be willing. He placed himself as if, he nothing 

bawxx ttmf?te> 3cb ad)te fie eben fo febr n>ie ttytt* £aben 

thereof knew. I esteem her just so much as him. Have 

(gie fond mcfytS ju fagen ? Cgttet r fonfl: fommt 3br ju fpdt. 

They else nothing to say 1 Hasten, else come you too late. 

(gr Bettor Sltteg, ja fogar feme golbene Ubr. 5Btr gingen ju 

He lost all, yes, even his golden watch. We went to 

itnferm greunbe, nm ibn um Diatb $u fragen- £a$ 

to our friend, in order him abcut advice to a^k. ILat 

roirb ibm nm )o tteber feut. Dbgleid) er febr fhtg 

will to him about so more agreeable be. Though he very prudent 

ift, fo nurb er bod) oft betrogen* SDbgfeid) er febr reid) ifl, 

is, so is he yet often deceived. Though he very rich is, 

fo ift er bcdh febr fparfam* 3d) fanb e£ nid)t, obgleid) id) e3 

so is he yet very saving. I found it not, though I it 

femge finite* (gr farm weber lefen nod) fcfyreibem SJKe 

long sought. He can neither read nor write. All 

waxen ba bi$ auf ©item 3d) fann ntdjt mit 3bnen 

were there till on one. I can not with to Them 

gcben, benn id) mnp arbeiten* 3d) tt>eip H, obu>ot)( er mid) 

go, for I must work. I know it, though he me 

ntd)t bauon benacbrid)tigt bat. @3 tt>irb immer bnnHer* dv 

not thereof informed lias. It grows always darker. He 

ttnrb immer fd)macber. (grjdblen Sie im$ bod) bte &ad)e. 

becomes always weaker. Helate They to us yet the matter. 

3e mebr man fpricbt nnb febreibt, befto fcbneller erlernt man 

The more one speaks and writes, the more quickly learns one 

eine ©prcute. (£v fanfte bas Such, tozil e£ ibm empfot)* 

a language. He bought the book, because it to him recommend- 

[en umrbe* Xa$ SOBetter i\t jwoar fd)6n, mbeffen werbe id) 

ed was. The weather is, it is true, beautiful, however, shall I 

bettte nid)t cmSgeben* 

to-day not out go. 

Obs. — Conjunctions which commence phrases, gener- 
ally require the verb at the end, excepting nnb, a b e r, 
a He in, f onbern, benn, and obe r, which leave the verb 
immediately after the subject. But fo, bejT: o, bafyer, 
in b e f f e n, and a few more, require the subject to be 
placed after the verb. The conjunctions and) and a b e r 
may be used either at the beginning or in the middle 
of a phrase. 



EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 193 

Frar3is is not attentive, nor has he done his exer- 
cise, i do not know your friend, nor have I ever 
heard of him. I instruct both his sons and his daugh- 
ters. She speaks both French and German. He is 
not on! z very wealthy, but also very respectable. We 
also were there. He lost not only the interest, but also 
the capital, Come either at four or at six o'clock. 
I expected him, but he did not come. Do not speak 
with him, but with her. I was not at the theatre, but 
at the concert. That book is neither instructive nor 
entertaining. I dp not know whether he has received 
my letter or not. I do not know if he will come back, 
I aske him whether he was willing to come along. 
He act^d as if he did know of it. I esteem her as 
much as him. Have you nothing else to say ? Hasten, 
else you will come too late. He lost every thing, 
even his gold watch. We went to see our friend to 
consult him. That will be so much the more agree- 
able to him. Though he is very prudent, yet he is 
often ceceived. Though he is very wealthy, yet he is 
very s .ving. I did not find it, though I looked for it 
long. He can neither read nor write. All were there 
but one. I cannot go with you, for I have to work. I 
know it, though he did not inform me of it. It is 
growing darker and darker. He is becoming weaker 
and weaker. Do give us an account of the matter. 
The more we speak and write, the more quickly we 
acquire a language. He purchased the book, because it 
had been recommended to him. The weather, it is 
true, ls fair, however, I shall not go out to-day. 



'J.E.H* 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



If 




II 



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